38 research outputs found
Computational modeling of transport and growth-related processes of novel gallium-v materials for temperature-resilient and high-power electronics
Get PDFRecently, there has been significant interest in exploring the potential in novel Ga-V materials for temperature-resilient and power electronics applications. These materials are based on mature and well-studied semiconductors, like GaAs and GaN, and there is untapped potential in utilizing unconventional elements, like Bi and Yb, to be used as alloy constituents. The successful run of Moore’s law, spanning half a century, combined with the maturity of computational methods in micro and nanotechnology, provides us with exciting potential for using atomistic and multi-scale modeling and simulation. In this work, we utilize the power of computing machinery to explore the material, transport, and growth-related aspects of Ga-V derived materials. To this end, this work has two main thrusts: (1) Dilute Bi alloy of GaAs is a promising candidate for semiconducting applications involving temperature-resilience. Inclusion of even a small percentage of Bi results in significant band-gap reduction compared to that in pure GaAs, owing to the appearance of an impurity level just below the valence band edge. As a consequence, hole mobility is experimentally reported to drop. We carry out first-principles electronic structure calculations to observe this impurity level using the density functional theory approach to disordered systems. Furthermore, we investigate the reduction in hole mobility using full-band Monte Carlo charge transport simulations. (2) In addition, GaN has emerged as one of the leading candidates for next generation power electronics technology. Some of the challenges related to the realization of its full potential include high-quality and reliable growth. Related issues manifest, among others, in crystal structure defects, and low p-dopant incorporation and activation. We carry out first-principles investigation of the formation energetics of point defects as well as defect complexes, with and without the inclusion of Yb. From a numerical point of view, we investigate the challenge of simulating high-power electronic devices, involving sharp variations in electric fields over short distances, through the moving mesh adaptation technique. Incorporation of Mg in GaN during epitaxial growth is investigated by simulating modulation doping. Critical assessment of semi-empirical interaction models is carried out in reference to first-principles calculations, to assess the relevance of Ga-Ga interaction in the cohesion of GaN. Finally, liquid-vapor coexistence properties are determined for a range of available interaction models for Ga, to assess their feasibility for inclusion in GaN high temperature growth-related process simulation.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Fawad Ismail, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-05 at 17:06.The student, Fawad Ismail, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-05-05 at 17:10.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-05-06 at 13:57.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15093 on 2020-08-25 at 17:41:30Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Post-liberalisation Efficiency and Productivity of the Banking Sector in Pakistan
Get PDFIt has been long debated in economic literature whether financial markets play a significant role in economic growth and development. [For review see Gertler (1988) and Levine (1997)]. Findings of some recent empirical literature show that well-functioning financial system plays an instrumental role in economic growth, and the causality runs from finance to growth [for cross country evidences see King and Levine (1993, 1993a); Levine and Zervos (1998); Levine, Loayza and Beck (1999); Beck, Levine, and Loayza (1999)]. This, in turn, has led to a search for the key factors that determine the better functioning financial markets. Within the banking sector, efficiency is the core concern of both academics and bank officials. A number of studies have sought to measure the efficiency of financial institutions, to identify the factors that contribute to efficiency of financial system, and to recommend the ways to attain the peer group efficiency levels [Berg (1993); Leaven (1999); Berger and Mester (1997); Miller and Noulas (1996)]. These empirical findings suggest a healthy competitive financial market pave the way for efficient market participants that leads to overall efficiency of the system and hence productivity. Following this notion, liberalisation of financial markets has been initiated to improve the performance of financial institutions both in developed and developing countries. Some empirical tests have been carried out to measure the effects of liberalisation and deregulation of financial institutions on the efficiency and productivity of banking sector.
Engineering Properties of Badlands in Semi-Arid Regions
No full textA Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina. xi, 108 l.Geology and seasonal weather variations govern the engineering properties of Avonlea
badlands in Saskatchewan, Canada. Three surface sediments exhibiting distinct lithologic
variations were found: a steep and fissured sandstone; a mildly-sloped and popcorntextured
mudrock; and a flat and eroded pediment. The variation in material composition
and the water availability conditions increase the saturation-desaturation cycle that
ultimately affect material behavior. The fines content increased from dry to wet state with
17% to 33% for sandstone, 4% to 98% for mudrock, and 21% to 42% for pediment. The
water adsorption capacity was found to be highest for mudrock (wl = 96% and wp = 47%)
followed by sandstone (wl = 39% and wp = 31%) and then by pediment (wl = 31% and
wp= 23%). The SWCC of sandstone and mudrock showed bimodal distributions with a
low AEV (6 kPa and 9 kPa) pertaining to drainage through cracks and a high AEV (160
kPa and 92 kPa) associated with flow through the soil matrix. The pediment followed a
unimodal SWCC with a single matrix AEV of 4 kPa. The saturated hydraulic
conductivity for sandstone, mudrock and pediment measured 8.5 x 10-6 m/sec, 4.0 x 10-8
m/sec, and 1.8 x 10-5 m/sec respectively. XRD analyses indicated that the major clay
minerals present were 14% illite (micaceous clay) in sandstone, 2.3% smectite, 7%
kaolinite and 3.1% illite in mudrock while 3.8% illite in pediment. Mudrock was
identified as the severe swelling potential badland sediment if desiccated. Overall, the
swelling potential observed for sandstone, mudrock and pediment was approximately
19%, 102%, and 2% respectively.Studentye
A modular tooling set-up for incremental sheet forming (ISF) with subsequent stress-relief annealing under partial constraints
No full textFacebook Usage Styles and Associated Socio-Psychological Apprehensions: A Gender Based Study
Get PDFSocial media brought revolutionary changes in human communication behaviour. Social media has turned information seeking into a two-way process. The users can not only get information through social media but they can also share information. Therefore, social media changed the way users seek information and changed their communication behavior. The study aims to examine usage styles of Facebook and associated socio-psychological apprehensions. The study utilized a survey method for collection of data. The results show that unwanted contents, privacy concerns, distraction from family life, addiction to the site, frustration and hyper tension are found to be the risks associated with Facebook usage. However, no significant gender differences are noted regarding the stated concerns. Nonetheless, significant gender differences with respect to Facebook usage styles are found to exist by the previous researchers
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL ASSETS LOSSES: EVIDENCE FROM SWAT ARMED CONFICT
No full textConflict has been a common feature throughout the world in its long history. Pakistan is no exception to such undesirable incidences and has faced conflicts in one form or the other since its independence. In 2009 Pakistan Army launched an operation against the rebellions in Swat and about 2.5 million of people became refugees and migrated to the neighboring safe places. The study was undertaken with the objective to determinants of assets losses during conflict and the rehabilitation strategies of the people in Swat area. Stratified random sampling method was used to collect the data. Data was collected from two different types of conflict affected areas through structure questionnaire. The study revealed that conflict reduced the average number of livestock by 26 percent in the fully affected sample areas and 19 percent in the partially affected sample areas. Monthly income from the sale of livestock products decreased by 54% in the fully affected sample areas and 16.5% in the partially affected areas whereas the average annual income from the sale of live animals decreased by 62% in the fully affected and 5.5% in the partially affected tehsils. The number of horticultural trees declined by 34% and 3.3% on the average in the fully and partially affected sample areas due to unavailability of inputs and lack of proper care. Operational land holdings decreased by 5.5% and farm employment decreased by 6.45%. There was a significant difference in assets losses during conflict subject to education level, farming experience and number of adult male family members. As a rehabilitation strategy male migration to work abroad was increased by 50 and 100 percent in the fully and partially affected tehsils respectively.Key words: Conflict, Swat, household assets, livestock losses, trees losses
Institutional Credit and Agricultural Production: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFIn our prevalent and deprived agrarian sector, sufficient credit provision is a serious problem to implant technological advancements and achieve technical efficiency, moreover to hire efficient inputs to improve and rise agriculture output/income collectively and alleviate poverty eventually. In the middle of embroiled informal credit sector and recent increase in banking services in last decade shrink the attention to intend the formal sector’s optimum potential. In this perspective, this study is going to explore the relationship of agriculture credit on agriculture output. We analyzes the role of institutional credit on agricultural production using the time series data for the period of 1970 to 2008 and to give suggestions and recommendations about the promotion of institutional credit in agriculture sector of Pakistan. Cobb-Douglas production function is estimated using simple OLS, and all the variables are transformed to per cultivated hectare. Results show that agricultural credit, availability of water, cropping intensity and agricultural labor force has significant positive impact on agricultural production. The study recommend that institutional credit should be provided by the concerned organizations in order to boost agricultural output. The credit provision should be made to ensure the contribution of agriculture sector in economic development of the economy. Keywords: Agricultural Production, Institutional credit, Pakista
Measuring the Impact of Total Revenue, Total Labor Force and Oil Prices on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study establishes the empirical relationship between GDP and total revenue, total labor force and oil prices. Numerous studies concluded profound impact of these variables on GDP of Pakistan as well as other economies. In this study, all the sources of revenue generating including tax and non-tax revenue and financial aid and grants are included. In total labor force, both male and female labor force are included. The impact of oil prices on GDP is also included in the model. This study is conducted to measure the impact and significance of these variables on GDP of Pakistan for years 1970-2012 using time-series data. Regression analysis results shows significant concluded coefficients. Unit root test verified the stationarity of the data. The results of co-integration test show long run association between the GDP and the independent variables. The empirical results conclude positive impact of total revenue, total labor force and negative impact of oil prices on GDP of Pakistan
Empirical Analysis of Tax Revenues and Its Impact on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Get PDFTax is being considered as the leading source of government revenues in the history of mankind. The same is true for current advanced countries as well as for Pakistan. Government revenues play the leading role in economic growth of every country. In Pakistan Income tax, Sales tax, custom duties, excise duties, worker welfare tax and surcharges etc. are the main sources of tax revenues. This study was conducted to find the relationship between different kinds of taxes and GDP of Pakistan for years 1979-2010 using time series data. Statistical techniques used in analysis include Regression analysis, Unit root test, co-integration test, white test, and so other tests for reliability of the study. The study shows that there is significant positive impact of taxation on economic growth of Pakistan except WWT. Keywords: Income Tax, Sales Tax, Custom and Excise Duties, Workers Welfare Tax, GDP, Pakistan
