34 research outputs found
Challenges in the management of glaucoma in developing countries
No full textAbstractGlaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy characterized by normal to raised intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field defects, loss of retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of the neuroretinal rim, and cupping of the optic disc. IOP reduction by medical, laser, or surgical therapies remains the only clinically proven treatment of glaucoma. The challenges in glaucoma management are diverse. They include early detection and diagnosis, setting of appropriate target IOP, choice of treatment, monitoring of quality of life and sight, and compliance with the treatment. Early diagnosis can be made by assessing optic nerve structure using imaging devices and optic nerve function through perimetry. Reducing IOP and controlling its fluctuations are considered to be the most important factors in limiting progression of glaucoma. Selection of the best suitable therapy out of medical, surgical, or laser treatment options is yet another management challenge. Patients suffering from glaucoma experience poor quality of life owing to the diagnosis itself, functional visual loss, inconvenience and cost of treatment, and side effects of treatment. All these factors lead to poor compliance, adherence, and persistence to treatment, and further progression of the disease. It is, therefore, important that ophthalmologists keep all the aforementioned factors in mind when managing patients with glaucoma
Adaptive Swin Transformer V2-Tiny Based Model for Classification of Bacteria, Fungus, Virus, and Healthy Fruit and Leaf Images
No full textThe classification of fruits and leaves affected by bacteria, viruses, and fungi has made significant progress in the fields of artificial intelligence and image processing. However, most methods focus on particular categories of fruit and leaf diseases, but not on both fruit and leaf diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This study aimed to develop a model for the classification of the initial, intermediate, and final stages of bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases, irrespective of fruit and leaf types. To achieve this goal, inspired by the accomplishments of the Swin Transformer, the Swin Transformer V2-Tiny was explored for the classification of 10 classes, which included healthy and three stages of bacteria, virus, and fungus images of fruits and leaves. The stages of Swin Transformer V2-Tiny divide the image into patches, namely, linear projection, Window Multi-Head Self-Attention (W-MSA), and Shifted Window Multi-Head Self-Attention (SW-MSA) for local and global features, which were adapted to perform the plant disease classification. Experiments on authors’ curated and standard datasets and a comparative study with recent methods demonstrate effective classification and superiority over existing methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the classification of fruit and leaf pathogens caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi based on their development stages. The proposed model achieved an average classification rate of 91.04% on fruit datasets and 94.07% on leaf datasets, outperforming recent benchmark methods. It also demonstrated strong generalization on unseen public datasets with over 93% accuracy. Received: 5 May 2025 | Revised: 15 August 2025 | Accepted: 17 October 2025 Conflicts of Interest Shivakumara Palaiahnakote is the Editor-in-Chief for Artificial Intelligence and Applications, and he was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Author Contribution Statement Poornima Basatti Hanuma Gowda: Software, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Basavanna Mahadevappa: Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Project administration. Shivakumara Palaiahnakote: Conceptualization, Methodology. Muhammad Hammad Saleem: Validation, Writing – review & editing. Niranjan Mallappa Hanumanthu: Resources
Manahil al-Safa fi Jamal al-Mustafa by Abu al-Abbas Ahmed bin Abd al-Hay al-Halabi al-Fassi (1120 AH) - study and investigation -
No full textThis research is a study and investigation of a manuscript on the biography, beauty and morals of our Noble Prophet Muhammad bin Abdullah, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, whose name is (Manahil al-Safa fi Dhat al-Mustafa, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) by Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abd al-Hayy al-Halabi al-Fassi (d. 1120 AH), which is a manuscript of nine papers, in which he spoke. The author before describing the beauty of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, with an introduction to the meaning of beauty and majesty in the language, and he mentioned benefits and warnings in it, then he described the beauty of God Almighty, and after that he mentioned the images of the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, physical and moral beauty that God Almighty preferred and distinguished him from other prophets And other people and made it a reason to win the hearts of many people and their entry into the religion of God Almighty. In his words, the author of the manuscript cited verses from the Noble Qur’an, hadiths from the Sunnah, and verses from Arabic poetry, in addition to the rhetorical and jurisprudential sayings of scholars, through which he clarifies the intended meaning of the images of beauty mentioned or mentioned by scholars who preceded him, relying on various sources, including: Books Interpretation of the Noble Qur’an, books of the Prophet’s biography, books of the noble Prophet’s hadith, books and dictionaries of the Arabic language, books of jurisprudence, books of mysticism and faith
Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan
No full textRahman, Muhammad Habib ur/0000-0002-2823-9959; Jabran, Khawar/0000-0001-8512-3330; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman/0000-0001-7824-4695; Amin, Asad/0000-0003-2242-8377; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain/0000-0002-7266-1567; Rehmani, M.I.A./0000-0001-7922-1233; Bajwa, Ali/0000-0002-7171-3118; Nadeem, Muhammad/0000-0002-7426-1196; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Ameen, Asif/0000-0002-3982-7000; Islam, Faisal/0000-0002-1471-1570WOS: 000397013000067PubMed: 28054268Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO- Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the cultivars performed best at medium rate of P application (57 kg ha(-1)) in terms of days to anthesis, days to maturity, seed cotton yield, total dry matter production, and harvest index during 2013 and 2014. Cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of different yield components. There was a good agreement between observed and simulated days to anthesis (0 to 1 day), days to maturity (0 to 2 days), seed cotton yield, total dry matter, and harvest index with an error of -4.4 to 15%, 12-7.5%, and 13-9.5% in MNH-886 and for FH-142, 4-16%, 19-11%, and 16-8.3% for growing years 2013 and 2014, respectively. CROPGRO-Cotton-P would be a useful tool to forecast cotton yield under different levels of P in cotton production system of the semi-arid climate of Southern Punjab.Government of Australia [4915_2015]; Higher Education Commission (HEC) of PakistanHigher Education Commission of PakistanThe first author is grateful to the International Global Change Institute (IGCI) Hamilton, New Zealand, for providing the software (SimCLIM2013) and the required climatic dataset for future projections with for southern Punjab, Pakistan. The first author is thankful to Prof. Dr. Gerrit Hoogenboom (Ex-Director, AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, USA; Currently: University of Florida-USA), for his technical guidance and support during the entire period of study and modeling work. Furthermore, first author is highly thankful from NASA for weather data of respective years (which was obtained from website http://power.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cgiwrap). The corresponding author (Wajid NASIM) is highly thankful to Government of Australia, for Endeavor Research Award/Fellowship (No. 4915_2015) to The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Sustainable Agriculture, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba-QLD 4350, Australia. Furthermore, co-authors (Wajid NASIM and Shakeel AHMAD) are highly thankful for Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for partial funding
Plant Disease Classification: A Comparative Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Learning Optimizers
No full textRecently, plant disease classification has been done by various state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) architectures on the publicly available/author generated datasets. This research proposed the deep learning-based comparative evaluation for the classification of plant disease in two steps. Firstly, the best convolutional neural network (CNN) was obtained by conducting a comparative analysis among well-known CNN architectures along with modified and cascaded/hybrid versions of some of the DL models proposed in the recent researches. Secondly, the performance of the best-obtained model was attempted to improve by training through various deep learning optimizers. The comparison between various CNNs was based on performance metrics such as validation accuracy/loss, F1-score, and the required number of epochs. All the selected DL architectures were trained in the PlantVillage dataset which contains 26 different diseases belonging to 14 respective plant species. Keras with TensorFlow backend was used to train deep learning architectures. It is concluded that the Xception architecture trained with the Adam optimizer attained the highest validation accuracy and F1-score of 99.81% and 0.9978 respectively which is comparatively better than the previous approaches and it proves the novelty of the work. Therefore, the method proposed in this research can be applied to other agricultural applications for transparent detection and classification purposes
Deconstructing Islamic Tradition: A Panacea or a Profanity
No full textDeconstruction, a keyword in postmodernism and a highly debatable term, challenges logo centrism in all its forms. The theory of Deconstruction rejects the idea of a singular meaning in a text and argues that every individual reader creates his/her own meaning. The theories of Death of author and birth of reader by Roland Barthes and the later the use of Deconstruction by Jacques Derrida made it a significant part of literary discourses. Some Muslim intellectuals such as Mohammed Arkoun, and Muḥammad Shahroure have not only challenged the traditional notions of orthodoxy but have also used the post-structural and deconstructive ideological equipment to rethink the ideology of Islam. Arkoun, in his reformist agenda along with his criticism on the Western notions of reformation, contends that the task for Muslim intellectuals today is to mount a critique of traditional Islamic modes of reasoning because they confuse historically rooted traditional interpretations with the content of divine revelation. He has also given lines of action for reform. The deconstruction of the traditional exegesis or orthodoxy is just one dimension of the problem; the reconstruction of the heritage of knowledge passed on by our ancestors is more important. The article consists of the introduction and main tenets of Deconstruction theory proposed by Jacques Derrida and the application of this theory on the reading of Qurʼānic text and possible impact. In this regards a brief review of the theories of Muhammed Arkoun, Muḥammad Shahroure has been presented
International Journal of Pharmacy and life sciences, 2011, (2)11:1214-1215. AUTHORS First Author – Muhammad Mufakkar, Department of Chemistry , Government College of Science, Wahdat Road Lahore, Pakistan. Second Author – Muhammad Hammad Khan, Center for e
No full textAbstract Phenology and ethnobotany of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. has been included in this paper. It has been observed that the plant defoliated during January-March and showed the emergence of new leaves in the month of May. This species abscissed leaves during February. Likewise, blooming and fruiting activity of the species occurred during March-April and September to April. Ethnobotany of the plant has also been mentioned in this communication
International Journal of Pharmacy and life sciences, 2011, (2)11:1214-1215. AUTHORS First Author – Muhammad Mufakkar, Department of Chemistry , Government College of Science, Wahdat Road Lahore, Pakistan. Second Author – Muhammad Hammad Khan, Center for e
No full textAbstract Medicinal p lants are the nature's gift to human being to have disease-free healthy life. It p lays a vital role to preserve our health. India is one of the most med ico-culturally d iverse countries in the world where the medicinal p lant sector is part of a time-honored tradition that is respected even today. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved elixir in the treatment of various ailments. In our country, more than 2000 med icinal plants have b een recognized. Gri ffonia simplicifollia Fabaceae Family ) is an important medicinal plant for antidepressant. Its med icinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine. Gri ffonia Simplicifollia has been used extensively for treatment of some diseases like as depression, anxiety, insomn ia, fibro myalagia, and chronic headache. The present article including the detailed exploration of phyto -pharmacological properties of G. Simplicifollia is an attempt to provide a direction for further research
International Journal of Pharmacy and life sciences, 2011, (2)11:1214-1215. AUTHORS First Author – Muhammad Mufakkar, Department of Chemistry , Government College of Science, Wahdat Road Lahore, Pakistan. Second Author – Muhammad Hammad Khan, Center for e
No full textAbstract Botulinu m To xin is acclaimed to be the most catastrophic of all the poisons, today this toxin has emerged as a boon in the field of med ical sciences because of its mu ltip le uses and has fabulously enhanced the practices of nation's dermatologist, neurologists and pain specialists. This toxin has a tremendous track record of more than ten years of spectacular efficacy and remarkab le safety profile with least side effects. In April 2002, US FDA has approved this toxin for cosmetic use and in 2004 it also got the approval for Hyperhidrosis. Fro m past fifteen years various controlled trials have been done and they revealed the use of botulinum to xin in Chronic Mig raine and as well as chronic tension type headaches. Herein we review the history, biochemical asp ects, mechanism of action and clin ical evidences which prove its use in migraine
The influence of Ibn Mas’ūd’s reports found in al-Mabsūt of al Sarakhsī on the Hanafi school of law
No full textAshâb-ı Kirâm (r.a.) Rasulüllah'ın (s.a.v.) ilk muhataplarıdır. Bu insanlar, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm ve hadis-i şeriflerde pek çok defa övülmüştür. Müslümanlar için örnek bir nesil olmuştur. Onların içinde bazısı sahabenin büyüklerinden sayılmıştır. Bir kısmı da Rasulüllah'ın (s.a.v.) ağzından cennetle müjdelenmiştir. Bunlardan on kişi aşere-i mübeşşere adıyla meşhur olmuştur. Tezimizin odağı olan Abdullah b. Mesud (r.a.) hem sahabenin büyüklerinden addedilmiş hem de bir rivayete göre cennetle müjdelenen on kişi içinde yer almıştır. Kendisi ilk Müslümanlardandır. Rasulüllah (s.a.v.) dönemindeki bütün savaşlara katılmıştır. Bütün bu meziyetleri yanında kendisinin ashap içinde öne çıktığı yönü ise ilmidir. İbn Mesud (r.a.) sahabenin fakihlerinden sayılmıştır ve bu hususta Efendimiz'in (s.a.v.) duasına mazhar olmuştur. Ayrıca günümüze kadar gelen dört fıkıh mezhebinden Hanefî mezhebinin ilmî silsilesi kendisine dayandırılmıştır. Ebû Hanife'nin (rh.a.) fıkıh ilmindeki silsilesi sırasıyla Hammad b. Ebû Süleyman, İbrahim en-Nehaî ve Alkame b. Kays vasıtasıyla Abdullah b. Mesud'a (r.a.) bağlanmaktadır. Öte yandan Hanefîler ondan gelen rivayetlere ayrı bir önem atfetmiştir. Tercihleri genelde onun tercihleri ile paralellik göstermiştir. Aradaki bu ilişkinin teorik olmadığı, bilakis pratikte birebir gözlemlendiği, işbu tezde ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Hanefîlerin fıkıh alanındaki temel kaynaklarından Serahsî'nin Mebsût adlı mutavvel eseri, çalışmanın merkezine alınmıştır. Zira mezkûr eser Abdullah b. Mesud'un (r.a.) fıkhını izhar eden rivayetleri içerme ve bunlar hakkında Hanefîlerin takındığı tavrı gösterme açısından büyük önemi haizdir. Bu doğrultuda, Abdullah b. Mesud'un (r.a.) el-Mebsût'ta bulunan fıkhî rivayetlerinin tespit edilip söz konusu rivayetlerin müellif tarafından hangi suretlerde değerlendirmeye tabi tutulduğunun ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulması planlanmıştır. Hanefîlerin bu rivayetleri ne şekilde değerlendirdiğinin tespiti, Mebsût'ta ve seçilen diğer Hanefî kaynaklarında verilen açıklamalar muvacehesinde yapılmaktadır.Companions of Muhammad (s.a.w) are the first collocutors of him. They have been praised in Qur'an and Hadiths. Also they have been an exemplary generation for Muslims. Some of them are considered as prominents of this generation. And some were foretold to be amongst heirs of heaven. One part of them known as the ten with glad tidings of paradise has become known particularly. The focus of our dissertation, Abdullah ibn Masud (r.a.), is considered a prominent companion as well as one of the ten with glad tidings of paradise according to a narrative. He is one of the first believers of Islam. Also he has participated in all wars of Prophet Muhammad's (s.a.w.) era. Yet he has been known for his wisdom and knowledge among companions. He has been usually considered as a faqih amongst companions and he was honored by Prophet Muhammad's (s.a.w.) prayer in this regard. Furthermore, the order of scholarship of Hanafite school, which is one of the four schools of Islamic law have come to date, is based on himself. The order of Abu Hanifa (r.a.) in Islamic law is connected through Hammad ibn Abū Suleiman, Ibrahim al-Nakhai and Alqama ibn Qays to Abdullah ibn Masud (r.a.). In addition to this, Hanafites has attached particular importance to his narratives. Their preferences have usually been in line with his. In this dissertation, it is aimed to put forward that this connection between them is not only theoretical but also can be observed in practice. With this purpose in mind, this study is based on Sarakhsy's al-Mabsūt, one of Hanafite's main sources in Islamic law. Being a large-scale work, it has been able to include narratives indicating Abdullah ibn Masud's (r.a.) fiqh as well as Hanafite's evaluations towards these narratives, making it a very important work in the literature. In this regard, it is intended to identify the fiqh narrations of Abdullah ibn Masud (r.a.) found in al-Mabsūt and to outline how these narrations were evaluated by the author. The determination of how the Hanafites evaluate these narrations is made in light of the explanations provided in Mabsūt and other selected Hanafite sources
