6 research outputs found
Ginger polyphenols attenuate cyclosporine-induced disturbances in kidney function: Potential application in adjuvant transplant therapy
No full textNeuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Linn.) leaf in male Wistar rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity
No full textAbstractCyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used cytotoxic alkylating agent with antitumor and immunosuppressant properties that is associated with various forms of reproductive toxicity. The significance of natural antioxidants of plant origin should be explored, especially in a world with increasing incidence of patients in need of chemotherapy. The neuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Linn.) leaf (AEAVL) in Wistar rats with CP-induced reproductive toxicity was determined. Forty rats were used for this study such that graded doses of the extract were administered following CP-induced reproductive toxicity and comparisons were made against control, toxic and standard (vitamin E) groups at p<0.05. The synthetic drugs (CP, 65mg/kg i.p. for 5days; Vitamin E, 100mg/kg p.o. for 30days) as well as the extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg p.o. for 30days) were administered to the rats at 0.2mL/100g. CP induced reproductive toxicity as evidenced by significantly lowered levels of FSH, LH and testosterone, perturbation of sperm characterization, deleterious disruptions of the antioxidant system as evidenced by decreased levels of GSH as well as elevation of TBARS activity. Histopathological examination showed hemorrhagic lesions with scanty and hypertrophied parenchymal cells in the pituitary while the testis showed ballooned seminiferous tubules with loosed connective tissues and vacuolation of testicular interstitium. These conditions were significantly reversed (p<0.05) following administration of the graded doses of the extract. It was, therefore, concluded that AEAVL could potentially be a therapeutic choice in patients with CP-induced neuro-endocrine dysfunction and reproductive toxicity
Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats
No full textThe adverse and beneficial health effects of nicotine (NIC), the major alkaloid found in cigarettes and tobacco, are controversial. Most studies on NIC have focused on its effects on cardiovascular and nervous functions. This study aimed at determining dose- and sex-specific effects of sub-acute (28 days) NIC administration on some indices of kidney function in Wistar rats. Forty rats (20 males and 20 females), 8â9 weeks old (each housed in separate metabolic cage), were used for this study such that graded doses of NIC (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg i.p. for 28 days) were administered to both sexes while each control received distilled water at 0.2 mL/100 g i.p. Blood was collected under ketamine anesthesia (10 mg/kg i.m) for analyses and results obtained were compared at p < 0.05. The result showed beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na+ and K+) in both sexes (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) with no appreciable difference in their histological examination. Although these beneficial effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male (p < 0.05), administration at the highest dose showed potentially deleterious alterations from normal beneficial trend (p < 0.05) in both sexes. It was concluded that sub-acute administration of lower doses of NIC improves kidney function of Wistar rats; an effect that was more pronounced in the females than their male counterparts. Keywords: Nicotine, Wistar rats, Creatinine clearance, Plasma and urine electrolytes, Renal functio
Susceptible Genes and Polymorphisms Associated with Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
No full textBackground: Disease epidemiology encompasses a wide range of health conditions, divided into communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Aim and Objective: This systematic review investigates the intricate connection between genetic susceptibility and disease development within these categories. Understanding genetic factors is crucial for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. The central research question is as follows: Which genes are linked to susceptibility to communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and how do these genetic elements affect susceptibility? We hypothesize that an exhaustive analysis of the literature will reveal numerous genes associated with both types of diseases, revealing the complex genetic landscape influencing susceptibility. Methodology: This systematic review follows a rigorous methodology, including comprehensive search strategies, well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, publication bias assessment, data extraction, quality evaluation, and data synthesis, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to ensure transparency and ethical presentation. Several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Springer Nature, AJOL, CrossRef, Scopus, and Web of Science, were systematically searched to retrieve published articles. Findings: In communicable diseases, the genetic factors influencing susceptibility extend beyond well-established genes, warranting further investigation under conditions such as COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B. Noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders, offer promising avenues for exploring additional genetic variations. Research gaps include understanding the functional impact of the identified polymorphisms, their interaction with environmental factors, and their implications for rare diseases. Conclusion: Genome-wide association studies and gene editing therapies have the potential to expand our understanding and therapeutic options for genetically based diseases. This comprehensive review contributes to the evolving landscape of genetic susceptibility and its implications for public health and personalized medicine
Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein- Haematological correlates in HIV infected subjects
No full textBackground:
Immunosuppressive Acidic protein (IAP) is a marker of the extent of
immune defects occurring in most cancers. Its correlation with CD4 cell count used as an
indicator of immune function and disease progression in Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
(HIV) infection is not well documented.
Aims and Objectives:
To determine if IAP levels
correlates with immunosupression and haematopathology occurring in HIV/AIDS infection.
Materials and Methods:
This cross sectional study was conducted at the Federal Teaching
Hospital, Ido-Ekiti. One hundred and five participants consisting of 85 HIV infected test
subjects and 20 control subjects were enrolled into the study. CD4 counts was obtained
using SL Cyflow machine, IAP levels determined using ELISA kit for human IAP and Full
blood count for all participants was obtained using Sysmex KX-21N Haematology Analyzer.
Regression and correlation analysis was done on data using SPSS 28.
Results:
IAP showed
a negative correlation with CD4 count (r=
-0.6), (r=
-0.9) and (r=
-0.2) in the ART, NART
and control groups. The pattern of the results was similar with other parameters except in
Neutrophils (r= 0.2) (r= 0.3) and (0.1), Eosinophil (r= 0.6) (r=
-0.4) and (r=
-0.2) and
Lymphocyte (r =
-0.3) (r=
-0.02) and (r= 0.05) in the ART, NART and control groups
respectively.
Conclusion:
The outcome of this study show that a strong negative relationship
exist between IAP and other immunohaematological parameters used for monitoring Immune
status in HIV infection; however the information gotten is not sufficient to indicate IAP as a
predictor of immune status in HIV infection. Further studies are therefore required to better
elucidate the mechanism of increased IAP levels at different clinical stages of HIV infection
Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein- Haematological correlates in HIV infected subjects
No full textBackground: Immunosuppressive Acidic protein (IAP) is a marker of the extent of immune defects occurring in most cancers. Its correlation with CD4 cell count used as an indicator of immune function and disease progression in Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) infection is not well documented.Aims and Objectives: To determine if IAP levels correlates with immunosupression and haematopathology occurring in HIV/AIDS infection.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti. One hundred and five participants consisting of 85 HIV infected test subjects and 20 control subjects were enrolled into the study. CD4 counts was obtained using SL Cyflow machine, IAP levels determined using ELISA kit for human IAP and Full blood count for all participants was obtained using Sysmex KX-21N Haematology Analyzer. Regression and correlation analysis was done on data using SPSS 28.Results: IAP showed a negative correlation with CD4 count (r= -0.6), (r= -0.9) and (r= -0.2) in the ART, NART and control groups. The pattern of the results was similar with other parameters except in Neutrophils (r= 0.2) (r= 0.3) and (0.1), Eosinophil (r= 0.6) (r= -0.4) and (r= -0.2) and Lymphocyte (r = -0.3) (r= -0.02) and (r= 0.05) in the ART, NART and control groups respectively. CConclusion: The outcome of this study show that a strong negative relationship exist between IAP and other immunohaematological parameters used for monitoring Immune status in HIV infection; however the information gotten is not sufficient to indicate IAP as a predictor of immune status in HIV infection. Further studies are therefore required to better elucidate the mechanism of increased IAP levels at different clinical stages of HIV infection.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 8-16 </jats:p
