1,722,106 research outputs found
Ayobami Adebayo: Älä mene pois
Get PDFArvostelu teoksesta Ayobami Adebayo: Älä mene pois. Atena (2018). Käännös: Heli Naski.nonPeerReviewe
Replication Data for: The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City
No full textReplication data and code for, "The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City" forthcoming in Political Behavio
Replication Data for: The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City
No full textReplication data and code for, "The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City" forthcoming in Political Behavio
Replication Data for: Phantom Pains: Phantom Pains: The Effect of Police Killings of Black Americans on Black British Attitudes
No full textReplication data and code for the article "Phantom Pains: The Effect of Police Killings of Black Americans on Black British Attitudes", forthcoming in the British Journal of Political Scienc
Organizational structures, gender roles and upgrading strategies of smallholders: A qualitative study of the local value chain in the Nigerian fishing sector
No full textTo achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, research concepts and empirical evidence are needed to upgrade smallholder activities within local value chains (LVCs) of many developing countries. Yet, comprehensive gender-sensitive investigations of the evolution and multiplicity of governance in whole food systems with parallel functioning of local and modern value chains (MVCs) are greatly underrepresented in the scientific literature. This study aims to uncover LVCs' (a) value systems, (b) governance themes and gender roles for value addition and (c) smallholder upgrading strategies in developing countries' dualistic sectors. The global value chain framework serves as the conceptual basis for the study and is extended towards the gendered value web approach. Empirical data obtained through three focus group discussions, three Net-maps and 21 interviews from the Nigerian shrimp sub-sector represent the basis for the qualitative analysis. The results identified two lead actors—traders and women processors—who are crucial for the functioning of the complex value system. Further findings showed that fishermen and women processors are mutually reliant and are organized along their gendered comparative advantage. Based on these results, manifold managerial and policy implications, that are also applicable to other developing countries and cases, are derived to upgrade and develop smallholders' gendered activities and products along the LVC
Can producer groups improve technical efficiency among artisanal shrimpers in Nigeria? A study accounting for observed and unobserved selectivity
No full textIt is widely recognized that participation in producer groups is advantageous for smallholders who must deal with complex production and marketing constraints and dynamic business environments. However, available data on this process are scarce in the fishery sector, while existing evidence is limited by smallholders’ potential self-selection into producer groups. This study, therefore, examined the selectivity corrected role of fisher groups in improving shrimpers’ technological and technical efficiency. Using the latest primary data from artisan shrimpers in Nigeria, we applied propensity score matching and Greene’s selectivity stochastic production frontier model to control for selection bias from both observable and unobservable factors.Empirical results from our metafrontier approach show that technical efficiency scores for members tend to be overestimated if selectivity is not properly controlled. However,the technical efficiencies and productivities of members were significantly higherregardless of how biases were corrected, implying that participation in fisher groupsis positively related to increases in shrimpers’ capture and technical efficiency. Furtherfindings suggest that current artisanal fisher groups are “production-oriented” as theyensure that members access vital shrimping inputs at lower costs. With declining returns to scale for members, the study concludes that without public and private support for collective action in the fishery sector, membership in artisanal fisher groups may not lead to significant improvement in shrimpers’ productivity. The study discusses several recommendations on how collective action can be further encouraged and developed among artisan fishers
Association between host genetics of sheep and the rumen microbial composition
Get PDFA synergy between the rumen microbiota and the host genetics has created a symbiotic relationship, beneficial to the host’s
health. In this study, the association between the host genetics and rumen microbiome of Damara and Meatmaster sheep
was investigated. The composition of rumen microbiota was estimated through the analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S
rRNA gene, while the sheep blood DNA was genotyped with Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip and the genome-wide asso-
ciation (GWA) was analyzed. Sixty significant SNPs dispersed in 21 regions across the Ovis aries genome were found to be
associated with the relative abundance of seven genera: Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Flavobacterium, Prevotella,
Pseudomonas, and Streptobacillus. A total of eighty-four candidate genes were identified, and their functional annotations
were mainly associated with immunity responses and function, metabolism, and signal transduction. Our results propose
that those candidate genes identified in the study may be modulating the composition of rumen microbiota and further
indicating the significance of comprehending the interactions between the host and rumen microbiota to gain better insight
into the health of sheep
The antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity and monoamine oxidase inhibition abilities of the crude dichloromethane extract of Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. leaves
Get PDFTarchonanthus camphoratus (camphor bush) has been widely used for numerous medicinal purposes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity and monoamine oxidase inhibition activities of the crude dichloromethane leaf extract of T. camphoratus. The antioxidant activities were assessed using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay and the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. The cytotoxicity assays were performed according to the microculture MTT method. From the MTT assay, it was determined that at a concentration of 10 mg/ml of crude extract, 95% of the neuroblastoma cells were killed. Almost 99% of the cells were viable at a concentration of 0.08 mg/ml extract. The extract also showed the ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) with the corresponding inhibitory concentration, IC50 values of 1.371 and 0.2737 mg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect of the extracts increased with increase in concentration. This study suggests that the dichloromethane leave extract of T. camphoratus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants
Contingent resource-based view of food netchain organization and firm performance: a comprehensive quantitative framework
No full textPurpose Much has been written on the effect of fast-moving business environments on organizational and supply chain (SC) management. Yet, empirical findings on the effect of changing external and internal contingencies on today’s globalized agrifood SC networks and performance are still fragmented into different organizational instruments, with some conflicting results remaining unexplained. This study aims to address these deficiencies by providing a comprehensive research framework to investigate how SC external and internal contingencies jointly influence organizational SC network structures and agrifood performance across mutually dependent tiers. Design/methodology/approach Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the so-called “contingency–netchain–performance” framework, based on contingent resource-based theory and the netchain approach, was empirically tested on data obtained from a standardized survey of 405 artisanal producers and 238 processors in the Nigerian shrimp sector. Findings The results provide statistical evidence that supports the path dependency of firm performance from the interplay of vertical, horizontal and lateral relationships and, primordially, from both external and internal contingencies. The findings show that the contingency paradigm of fit among small-scale food producers and processors cuts across tiers and uncover a tendency to adopt relational governance and tighter network structures that result in an organic organization as the best-fitting structure. Originality/value The paper presents a new research framework that offers comprehensive empirical explanations for the joint influence of SC external and internal contingencies on organizational SC network structures and performance across mutually dependent agrifood tiers. This study’s conceptual, practical and policy implications for SC management provide a nascent and flexible basis on which to identify the best-fitting organizational strategies that maximize firm performance across agrifood SC tiers characterized by changing business environments
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