133 research outputs found

    No judge, no job!: Judicial discretion and incomplete labor contracts

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    The decision making of judges is prone to error and misapprehension. Consequently, the prevailing literature ties the economic function of courts to dispute resolution and minimization of rule making costs. In contrast to previous research, this analysis applies a contract theoretic perspective to the ruling of courts and keeps the focus on the implemented market transactions. Using labor contracts as institutional setting, performance and limitations of judicial law making are formally investigated and compared to the effects of specific legislation. It is shown that the efficient relation of legislative law making and judicial discretion is defined by the characteristics of the particular field of law and the actual market structure. The model also suggests a mutual dependency between legislation and adjudication to establish efficiency in law, contradicting the traditional legal doctrines of exclusive legislation or sole case-law. --incomplete contracts,judicial law making,legislation

    Modeling Cities and Landscapes in 3D with CityGML

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    CityGML is the most important international standard used to model cities and landscapes in 3D with extensive semantics. Compared to BIM standards such as IFC, CityGML models are usually less detailed but they cover a much greater spatial extent. They are also available in any of five standardized levels of detail. CityGML serves as an exchange format and as a data source for visualizations, either in dedicated applications or in a web browser. It can also be used for a wide range of spatial analyses, such as visibility studies and solar potential. Ongoing research will improve the integration of BIM standards with CityGML, making improved data exchange possible throughout the life-cycle of urban and environmental processes.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Urban Data Scienc

    Interregionale Integration von Industrie- und Entwicklungslaendern: Erfolgsbedingungen und Perspektiven

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    Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, D-21400 Kiel W 706 (45) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

    The significance of the EEC’s Generalized System of Preferences

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    In 1986 the EEC’s Generalized System of Preferences will be entering its 15th year. In line with the Community’s decision for the granting of generalized tariff preferences for the period 1981–90 the time has come for an interim appraisal of the scheme with the aim of evaluating experiences gathered since the system was reformed at the end of 1980 and discussing modifications which may now seem expedient

    Evaluating development co-operation: The German case

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