44 research outputs found
Economic and Cultural Relations Between Pakistan and the Soviet Union During Ayub Khan’s Period
No full textThis article deals with Pakistan and Soviet Union relationship from 1958 to 1969 during Ayub Khan’s regime. It highlights aspects of all events which were main obstacles among both countries relationship at that time. It also covers the following circumstances. What was the Ayub Khan’s policy in his early period and why did he give up soon and why did he make his foreign policy in the direction of Soviet Union? Firstly, from independence of Pakistan many Governments of Pakistan received many offers from Soviet Union for paid visit, but why did Ayub Khan visit Soviet Union three times in the land mark history of Pakistan? It also points out all the pacts which were made between Pakistan and Soviet Union and its role in the war of Indo-Pak 1965
فیلڈ مارشل محمدایوب خاں کی خود نوشت ’’جس رزق سے آتی ہو پرواز میں کوتاہی‘‘ :ایک مطالعہ
No full textThis article is a review of autobiography of Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan, Ex. President of Pakistan. The book entitled "Friends not masters" which was translated into Urdu by a famous writer Ghulam Abbas. Ayub Khan was born in a village "Rehana" near Rawalpindi. After compilation of educatin he got commissin in Royal Army and proceeded to England for professional training. When Pakistan came into existence, he joined Pakistand Army and gradually became Field Marshal of Pakistan Army. According to the author, the book may be called a verbal creation regarding his autobiography which is anthology of conversations among some close friends of the author. Basically book is based on the ideology that the citizens of developing countries are desirous for the friendship and help of the advanced / developed countries especially America, but it would be equal level like friends not masters. The book also discussed the political ups and downs in Pakistan because the author remained the President of Pakistan for more than 10 years
Production and Characterization of α-Galactosidase by a Multiple Mutant of Aspergillus niger in Solid-State Fermentation
No full textU industriji se α-galaktozidaza primjenjuje radi povećanja prinosa šećera iz sirupa šećerne repe te poboljšanja hranjive vrijednosti sojinog mlijeka. U radu je ispitan utjecaj varijabli procesa na proizvodnju ovog važnog enzima fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi s pomoću novoizoliranog višestruko mutiranog soja Aspergillus niger. Procijenjeni su sljedeći parametri: supstrat (čista laktoza te nusprodukti meljave riže i brašna), izvor dušika, vrijeme inkubacije, početna pH-vrijednost podloge i temperatura inkubacije. Nakon 96 sati fermentacije dobiveno je 135,4 IU ekstracelularne galaktozidaze po g suhe podloge. Dodatak od 2 g glukoze i 3 g kukuruznog ekstrakta značajno je povećao proizvodnju enzima. S pomoću mutantnog soja postignut je kudikamo veći maksimalni prinos (318 IU/g) nego s divljim sojem (u ovom radu) ili drugim u literaturi navedenim mutantnim sojevima A. niger, rekombinantnim vrstama ili kvascima koji proizvode α-galaktozidazu. Ispitane su tri α-galaktozidaze, od kojih je ona što sadrži podjedinice proteina velike molekularne mase (99 i 100 kDa) karakterizirana i u divljem i u mutantnom soju. Toplinska svojstva pročišćenih enzima pokazuju da je mutacija smanjila energiju aktivacije potrebnu za nastajanje kompleksa enzim-supstrat, entalpiju, količinu Gibbsove slobodne energije utrošene za vezivanje supstrata i stabilizaciju prijelaznog stanja. Termodinamičkim ispitivanjem ireverzibilne inaktivacije enzima zaključeno je da enzim izoliran iz mutantnog soja ima veću termostabilnost od prirodnog enzima zbog aminokiselina u aktivnom katalitičkom procesu. Zbog toga bi se svojstva mutantni organizam mogao upotrijebiti u proizvodnji veće količine termostabilne α-galaktozidaze, za njezinu primjenu u industriji šećera, te radi poboljšanja hranjive vrijednosti proizvoda.α-Galactosidase is applied in the sugar industry to enhance sugar recovery from sugar beet syrup and to improve nutritional value of the soymilk. In the present investigation, the influence of process variables on the production of this important enzyme has been explored in a newly isolated multiple mutant strain of Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Defined fermentation parameters include substrate type (pure lactose and by-products of rice and flour mills as prime substrates), nitrogen source, incubation time, initial pH of the medium and incubation temperature. Extracellular α-galactosidase reached the value of 135.4 IU/g of dry substrate (IU/g) after 96 h of fermentation. Supplementation with 2 g of glucose and 3 g of corn steep liquor significantly increased the enzyme production, and maximum value of product yield (318 IU/g) by the mutant strain was significantly higher than that reported by the wild type (this work), or other A. niger mutants, recombinants and yeasts reported in literature as producers of elevated levels of α-galactosidase. Among three α-galactosidases, one possessing high subunit molecular mass proteins (99 and 100 kDa) has been characterized in both wild and mutant organisms. Thermal properties of the purified enzymes indicate that the mutation decreased the values of activation energy for the formation of enzyme-substrate (ES) complex, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy demand for substrate binding, and transition state stabilization. A thermodynamic study of irreversible inactivation of enzymes suggests that the mutant–derived enzyme is more thermostable than the native enzyme, which is attributable to amino acids involved in active catalysis. Because of these properties, the mutant organism is a novel organism and may be exploited for bulk production of thermostable α-galactosidase for the above industrial and nutritional applications
: a 10‐year bibliometric study
No full textObjective: To conduct a bibliometric evaluation of the Journal of Ayub Medical College (JAMC), Abbottabad, Pakistan.Methods: The data of articles, citations and authors of JAMC from 1997 to 2006 were collected and analysed in terms of bibliometric parameters.Results: The number of articles published per year ranges between 27 and 97; most of the articles (47.2%) have 11–20 citations. Three-author contributions ranked the highest (134; 23.43%); the most prolific authors contributed seven articles; 295 (51.57%) of the authors are geographically affiliated to the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan; the most popular subject is Internal Medicine; journal self-cited references are 43; 7769 (77.94%) of the citations were from foreign journals; the most productive institution is Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.Conclusion: The number of papers published in JAMC per issue has been increasing over the last 10 years, and the core region is NWFP, Pakistan. Original articles are the main type of papers for this journal. The publication is open for all fields of medical sciences
Evaluation of Currently Available Molecular Assays and Performance of Sampling Approaches for Detection of Sars-Cov-2 RNA
No full textOBJECTIVES
This study aims to identify the essential characteristics of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the limitations of currently available tests and their impact on the test selection process.
METHODOLOGY
The current study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex (MMC). One hundred nasopharyngeal-positive samples were collected from February to March 2021. Oropharyngeal swab OPS, sputum, and blood samples were collected from the participants to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RNA extraction of SARS-CoV-2 was done using a BigFish auto extractor. A Qiagen Thermal Cycler was used for genome amplification. Five different molecular assays, namely COVSIGN (N gene) Spain, BGI (ORF1ab gene) China, Maccura(ORF1ab, E and N gene) China, R-GENE (RdRp and N genes) France and Genuru (N gene, S gene and ORF ab/1) were used.
RESULTS100 % positivity was recorded in the sputum of all individuals, followed by 91 % OPS and 21% blood. The highest positivity rate for different genes was observed. ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) was developed through SPPS version 26.00 to compare the sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSION
By comparing the results of different diagnostic kits, it was found that BGI and Maccura are the most sensitive and specific for diagnostic purposes against COVID-19
Impact of Audit Quality on Financial Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from the MENA Region
No full textThis study examines the impact of audit quality, bank-specific factors, and political turmoil on financial performance, as measured by Return on Assets, using a fixed-effects model. The analysis is conducted on a full sample of banks and further categorised into Islamic and conventional banks. The results indicate that audit quality has a significant positive effect on Return on Assets (ROA) across all models, reinforcing the role of high-quality audits in enhancing financial performance. Bank size, leverage, liquidity, profitability before taxes, and capital adequacy ratio also exhibit strong positive relationships with ROA, emphasizing their importance in driving profitability. Political turmoil, however, presents a mixed impact, while it negatively affects the full sample, it has a significant positive effect on Islamic banks, suggesting their resilience in politically unstable environments. The fixed effects model is validated using the Hausman test, confirming its suitability for this analysis. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, regulators, and banking institutions in assessing financial stability and performance under varying economic conditions
Production and Characterization of α-Galactosidase by a Multiple Mutant of Aspergillus niger in Solid-State Fermentation
No full textα-Galactosidase is applied in the sugar industry to enhance sugar recovery from sugar beet syrup and to improve nutritional value of the soymilk. In the present investigation, the influence of process variables on the production of this important enzyme has been explored in a newly isolated multiple mutant strain of Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Defined fermentation parameters include substrate type (pure lactose and by-products of rice and flour mills as prime substrates), nitrogen source, incubation time, initial pH of the medium and incubation temperature. Extracellular α-galactosidase reached the value of 135.4 IU/g of dry substrate (IU/g) after 96 h of fermentation. Supplementation with 2 g of glucose and 3 g of corn steep liquor significantly increased the enzyme production, and maximum value of product yield (318 IU/g) by the mutant strain was significantly higher than that reported by the wild type (this work), or other A. niger mutants, recombinants and yeasts reported in literature as producers of elevated levels of α-galactosidase. Among three α-galactosidases, one possessing high subunit molecular mass proteins (99 and 100 kDa) has been characterized in both wild and mutant organisms. Thermal properties of the purified enzymes indicate that the mutation decreased the values of activation energy for the formation of enzyme-substrate (ES) complex, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy demand for substrate binding, and transition state stabilization. A thermodynamic study of irreversible inactivation of enzymes suggests that the mutant–derived enzyme is more thermostable than the native enzyme, which is attributable to amino acids involved in active catalysis. Because of these properties, the mutant organism is a novel organism and may be exploited for bulk production of thermostable α-galactosidase for the above industrial and nutritional applications
COVID‐19 and dengue virus coepidemics in Pakistan: A dangerous combination for an overburdened healthcare system
No full text
