4 research outputs found
Sonographic assessment of kidneys and associated abdominal findings in patients with renal parenchymal diseases
Get PDFBackground: The renal parenchymal diseases were common pathological conditions that involved the renal parenchyma. They cause damage to interstitia and glomerula and result in renal failure if left undiagnosed and untreated. The objective of the study was to assess the kidneys in renal parenchymal diseases in Sudanese patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved two hundred and six patients confirmed with renal parenchymal diseases. All the patients were scanned using ultrasonography. The echogenicity, kidney size, surface and thickness of renal cortex were assessed and the related abdominal findings.Results: A total of 206 patients diagnosed and confirmed renal parenchymal diseases had been selected for the study. The kidneys were normal in size in 47.10% the cases, 30.58% were small and 19.42% were large. The echogenicity of the kidneys was increased in 93.69% and normal echogenicity observed in 5.34% of the cases. The renal cortical thickness was normal in 65.05% and thin in 33.50% of the cases. There were no obstructive changes in the renal pelvicalyceal system in 86.41%, while dilatation observed only in 7.28% of the cases. Abdominal findings were observed in 65.05% of the cases. The most common abdominal findings were 26 cases of ascites, 10 with pleural effusion, 6 with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 4 with liver cirrhosis.Conclusions: Sonographic evaluation of kidneys in renal parenchymal diseases is very important in diagnosis and management. Pleural effusion, ascites and liver cirrhosis were the most common systematic findings accompanied with renal parenchymal diseases.</jats:p
Doppler sonographic assessment of carotid arteries in Sudanese stroke patients
No full textBACKGROUND: Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were considered to be associated with several public health problems.
OBJECTIVE: the study aims to explore the hemodynamic of carotid arteries in association with hypertension, diabetes, and smoking in Sudanese stroke patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a quantitative descriptive study, fifty patients with stroke were scanned by B-mode and Doppler sonography. Carotid arteries were investigated with a 7-MHz linear transducer by a standard carotid sonography protocol.
RESULTS: The average Doppler resistive index (RI) was 0.71 ± 0.084 and intima-media thickness was 1.39 ± 0.78 mm. The end diastolic velocities (EDVs) and peak systolic velocities (PSVs) of common carotid arteries were significantly changed in smokers and hypertensive (P < 0.05). The elevation of RI in right and left CCAs were significantly correlated with smokers (P = 0.017 and 0.010 respectively). Hemorrhagic stroke was most prevalent in hypertensive rather than diabetic and smokers. The carotid hemodynamics changed significantly in hypertensive and smokers more than diabetics.
CONCLUSION: EDV and PSV were significantly correlated with hypertension and tobacco smoking rather than diabetes. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking have an association with stroke and hand significant effect on carotid artery hemodynamic and atherosclerotic disease. The Doppler RIs were significantly correlated with smokers. Patients with risk factors of stroke should be scanned with Doppler sonography as early as possible
Simulation based learning versus clinical rounds in hospitals as a method of teaching in obstetrics
Get PDFBackgroundIncreasing numbers of medical schools at Khartoum state with high numbers of medical students with limited teaching hospitals for training, associated with behavioural change of the patients towards accepting the training of medical student's makes simulation based education a best alternative to conventional clinical rounds with real patients.AimsTo compare the educational effectiveness between simulations based learning and clinical rounds in hospitals as a method of teaching in obstetrics.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional institutional-based study done in obstetric department at Faculty of medicine of Alneelain University 2017, to study simulation based learning as effective methods compare to clinical rounds in hospitals as a method of teaching. The data collected using pre-constructed, validated questionnaire inquiring about simulation based education and clinical rounds, questions designed to evaluate the perception of medical students and then tested the same students marks in their final MBBS obstetric exam comparing their results in questions based on pure clinical rounds versus questions based on pure simulation based learning , the sampling includes 129 students in final years in semester 11, then the data analysed by statistical package for social sciences.Results In general more than halve 56.6 per cent of the student preferred the clinical round than simulation based learning as method of teaching. Concerning contribution of tutor in the teaching and clearly defined of course objectives in obstetric the student stated that it was more effective and defined in simulation based learning than in clinical round 51.9 per cent versus 41.1 per cent and 45.7 per cent versus 21.7 respectively. When assessing the exam results of both methods, the study verified that simulation based learning is better than clinical round as method of teaching because there is significant difference in means of exam remarks of those student (17.22 for simulation versus 11.12 for clinical round from total 20 marks ), P < 0.01.ConclusionThe study concluded that simulation based education is substitute and filling the gap in teaching obstetric curriculum in undergraduate medical students
