12,812 research outputs found
Ms. Courtney Chartier, RWWL AUC, August 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Ms. Courtney Chartier. Ms. Chartier talks about her work on the "New Georgia Encyclopedia" and "Online Voter Education Project." Andrea Jackson, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Ms. Neely Terrell, RWWL AUC, March 2012
No full textThis video is a conversation with Ms. Neely Terrell. Ms. Terrell talks about her book, "Super Singles Activate". Anthony Kinsey and Jahnesta Horney, AUC Woodruff Library, are the interviewers
Ms. Felesha Love, Spelman College, January 2016
No full textThis video is a conversation with Felesha Love. Ms. Love talks about her book, "Brave Leap to Freedom: Integrating Mind, Body, and Spirit to Cultivate Healthy Relationships". Jordan Moore, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
(Appendix A) Excel database for analyzing occurence data in the Paleobiology Database Using Excel PowerView and MS-SQL
No full text(Appendix A) Excel database for analyzing occurence data in the Paleobiology Database Using Excel PowerView and MS-SQ
Étude sur le patois de Valbonnais
No full textA lexical and morphologic description of Valbonnais dialect. A 319-page PhD dissertation under the direction of Prof. Antonin DURAFFOUR (Univ. Stendhal, Grenoble, France, 1943)Description lexicale et morphologique du patois de Valbonnais sous la forme d'un manuscrit de 319 pages.Thèse sous la direction du Prof. Antonin DURAFFOUR (Univ. Stendhal, Grenoble, 1943
Studies on the pro-oxidant chemistry of flavonoids
No full textThere is currently much interest in the development of functional foods aiming at the prevention of the development of some diseases, for example cancer, by the introduction of selected natural substances at elevated levels into the diet. The rationale for this approach is based especially on epidemiological data that indicate that food items containing such chemicals may reduce the risk of these diseases in humans. Epidemiological studies indicate, for example, that diets rich in fruit and vegetables protect against a variety of diseases, including heart diseases and certain forms of cancer. However, identification of the actual ingredient in a specific diet responsible for the beneficial health effects remains an important bottleneck for translating observational epidemiology to development of a functional food ingredient. The protection against cancer afforded by fruit and vegetables has been attributed to antioxidant micronutrients such as vitamin C, beta-carotene and vitamin E, which may act at many sites, including the stomach, intestine, lung and bladder. However, present scientific attention is focusing as well on the significance of other minor dietary components, notably the flavonoids as protectants against disease. Flavonoids are widespread in nature and are found in considerable quantities in fruits, vegetables, seeds, peel and tubers. The average Western diet may provide up to 1 g of flavonoids per day. Numerous in vitro studies show that flavonoids are potent antioxidants and metal chelators. Their potential as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiviral compounds has also attracted attention. These studies provide the basis for the present rapidly increasing interest for the use of flavonoids as functional food ingredients. As a result increased human exposure to flavonoids can be expected in the near future. In shops and at the internet, food and food supplements based on (iso)flavonoids as functional ingredients are marketed. This, although hard scientific data supporting the health claims as well as data allowing a balanced risk-benefit evaluation are lacking. For flavonoids increased future human exposure regimens induce the question on their pro-oxidant chemistry. There is considerable evidence that some flavonoids are mutagenic in both bacterial and mammalian experimental systems. A high incidence of gastric cancer in some human populations has been linked to consumption of wine containing potentially mutagenic flavonoids (Tamura et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77, 4961-4965, 1980, Hoey et al. , Am. J. Epidemiol., 113, 669-974, 1981). Relatively little is understood about either the toxicity or protection afforded by flavonoids in humans.Since flavonoid quinone/quinone methides have been suggested as the major metabolites responsible for the possible pro-oxidant toxicity and mutagenicity of flavonoids, characterisation of flavonoid quinone chemistry is of importance. However, little information is available on the structure and reactivity of these flavonoid oxidation products. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to investigate the pro-oxidant chemistry of flavonoids and to perform structure activity studies on the chemical behaviour of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoids with special emphasis on the nature and reactivity of the quinone/quinone methide type metabolites formed. Using the GSH trapping method, HPLC, LC/MS, MALDI-TOF, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and quantum mechanical computer calculations the quinone/quinone methide chemistry of a series of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoids could be characterised.The results provide insight in structure-activity-relationships for the pro-oxidant chemistry of these electrophilic quinone/quinone methide flavonoid metabolites. The results obtained also reveal an unexpected pH-dependent electrophilic behaviour of B ring catechol flavonoids. Furthermore the results of this thesis also reveal, for the first time, evidence for the pro-oxidative chemistry of quercetin in a cellular in vitro model. The formation of these glutathionyl-flavonoid adducts provides evidence for the actual pro-oxidative formation of reactive quinone type metabolites from B ring catechol flavonoids in the selected cellular in vitro model using melanoma cells. Oxidation of the catechols to quinones and their isomeric quinone methides generates potent electrophiles that could alkylate DNA. Interestingly, the structural requirements essential for good antioxidant activity match the requirements essential for pro-oxidant action and quinone methide formation. Altogether, the pro-oxidant behaviour of flavonoids and their quinone/quinone methides are far from straight forward and need to be re-evaluated especially in the framework of the risk-benefit evaluation of the use of these flavonoids as functional food ingredients and/or food supplements.SamenvattingEr is momenteel veel interesse voor de ontwikkeling van functionele voedingsmiddelen (functional foods), met als doel het voorkomen van het ontstaan van ziekten zoals bijvoorbeeld kanker, via het in verhoogde mate introduceren van geselecteerde natuurlijke bestanddelen in het dieet. De basis voor deze aanpak wordt momenteel met name gevonden in epidemiologische studies die laten zien dat diëten rijk aan specifieke voedselcomponenten of ingrediënten de kans op bepaalde ziekten bij de mens verlagen. Zo geven epidemiologische studies bijvoorbeeld aan dat diëten die rijk zijn aan fruit en groenten beschermen tegen een aantal ziekten zoals hartziekten en bepaalde vormen van kanker. Echter, het identificeren van de belangrijke ingrediënten in het betreffende dieet die het gezondheidsbevorderende effect tot stand brengen is een knelpunt voor het vertalen van de resultaten uit de epidemiologie naar de ontwikkeling van een functioneel voedingsingrediënt.De bescherming tegen kanker door groenten en fruit is toegeschreven aan antioxidanten zoals vitamine C, beta-caroteen en vitamine E, die op vele plaatsen in het lichaam, zoals de maag, darmen, long en de blaas actief zijn. Wetenschappelijk wordt momenteel veel aandacht besteed aan het mogelijke belang van andere belangrijke dieet componenten, zoals flavonoïden, als beschermende ingrediënten tegen ziekte. Flavonoïden komen in de natuur veel voor, en worden met name in hoge concentraties gevonden in fruit, groenten, knollen en zaden. Het gemiddelde Westerse dieet bevat ongeveer 1 gram aan flavonoïden per dag.Vele in vitro studies tonen aan dat flavonoïden goede antioxidanten en metaal chelatoren zijn. Daarnaast hebben ze anti-inflammatoire, anti-allergische en anti-virale eigenschappen die van belang worden geacht. Deze bevindingen verschaffen de basis voor de momenteel snel groeiende interesse om flavonoïden te gebruiken als functionele voedingsingrediënten. Als gevolg hiervan zou er in de nabije toekomst een toename in de opname van flavonoïden via het dieet verwacht kunnen worden. In winkels en via het internet worden voedingsmiddelen en voedingssupplementen gebaseerd op (iso)flavonoïden als functionele voedingsingrediënten verkocht. Dit, terwijl zowel de wetenschappelijke onderbouwing voor de gezondheidsclaims als gegevens die een gebalanceerde "risk-benefit" analyse mogelijk maken, nog ontbreken. In het geval van verhoogde toekomstige blootstelling van mensen aan flavonoïden worden voor de risk-benefit evaluatie vragen van belang rond hun mogelijk pro-oxidatieve chemisch gedrag. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat sommige flavonoïden mutageen zijn in zowel bacteriële als zoogdier in vitro test systemen. Een verhoogde mate aan maagkanker in bepaalde humane populaties is in verband gebracht met de consumptie van wijn met daarin mogelijk mutagene flavonoïden (Tamura et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77, 4961-4965, 1980, Hoey et al. , Am. J. Epidem., 113, 669-974, 1981). Alles samenvattend is er eigenlijk weinig bekend van de schadelijke maar ook van de gezondheidsbevorderende effecten van flavonoïden.Omdat flavonoid chinon/chinon methides genoemd zijn als de belangrijkste metabolieten die verantwoordelijk zouden zijn voor de mogelijke pro-oxidatieve toxiciteit en mutageniteit van flavonoïden, is karakterisering van deze pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden van belang. Echter er is weinig bekend over de structuur en de reactiviteit van deze flavonoid oxidatie producten. Daarom was het doel van deze studie de pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden te onderzoeken en een structuur-activiteits studie uit te voeren naar het chemische gedrag van 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoïden. Daarbij werd speciale aandacht besteed aan de aard en reactiviteit van de gevormde chinon/chinon methide metabolieten. Met behulp van de GSH-trapping methode, HPLC, LC/MS, MALDI-TOF, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR en kwantum-chemische computerberekeningen kon de chinon/chinon methide chemie van een serie 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoiden gekarakteriseerd worden.De verkregen resultaten geven inzicht in de structuur-activteits relaties voor de pro-oxidatieve chemie van de electrofiele chinon /chinon methides metabolieten van de flavonoïden. De resultaten laten ook een onverwacht effect zien van de pH op het electrofiele gedrag van de B-ring catechol flavonoïden. Bovendien laten de resultaten van het proefschrift zien dat zelfs onder reducerende omstandigheden in een cellulair in vitro model (melanoma cellen) de pro-oxidatieve chemie van quercetine van belang kan zijn. Met name de vorming van glutathion-flavonoid conjugaten is een bewijs dat in het gekozen cellulaire model de pro-oxidatieve vorming van reactieve flavonoid chinon/ chinon methide metabolieten is opgetreden. Oxidatie van de catecholen naar chinonen en hun isomere chinon methides genereert electrofielen die DNA kunnen alkyleren. Van belang is dat de structurele randvoorwaarden die een flavonoid een goede antioxidant maken gelijk blijken te zijn aan de structurele kenmerken die essentieel zijn voor pro-oxidant gedrag en chinon methide vorming.Al met al is de pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden en van hun chinon /chinon methides verre van recht toe recht aan gebleken en zou de pro-oxidatieve chemie en de toxiciteit van de flavonoïden in het kader van hun gebruik als functional food ingredienten beter onderzocht en afgewogen moeten worden, rekening houdend met hun mogelijk gezondheidsbevorderende effecten
Radar Chart of Citation topic Meso, source: Formulated by author using MS Excel (2016).
No full textRadar Chart of Citation topic Meso, source: Formulated by author using MS Excel (2016).</p
Improving MHC-I ligand identifications from LC-MS/MS data by incorporating allelic peptide motifs
No full textMHC class I (MHC-I)-bound ligands play a pivotal role in CD8 T cell immunity and are hence of major interest in understanding and designing immunotherapies. One of the most commonly utilized approaches for detecting MHC ligands is LC-MS/MS. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of current algorithms to identify MHC ligands from LC-MS/MS data is limited because the search algorithms used were originally developed for proteomics approaches detecting tryptic peptides. Consequently, the analysis often results in inflated false discovery rate (FDR) statistics and an overall decrease in the number of peptides that pass FDR filters. Andreatta et al. describe a new scoring tool (MS-rescue) for peptides from MHC-I immunopeptidome datasets. MS-rescue incorporates the existence of MHC-I peptide motifs to rescore peptides from ligandome data. The tool is demonstrated here using peptides assigned from LC-MS/MS data with PEAKs software but can be deployed on data from any search algorithm. This new approach increased the number of peptides identified by up to 20-30% and promises to aid the discovery of novel MHC-I ligands with immunotherapeutic potential
The concept of Murabaha in a modern Islamic context
No full textOne of the main principles of Islamic Banking is to avoidinterest (usury) in all forms of transactions becauseMuslims believe that they are not allowed to deal in usuryand that they have to adopt an interest-free system. Inorder to achieve this, the Muslims have derived their guidingrules from the Islamic principles and used profit sharingmechanism rather than using the prevailing interest ratemechanism. The Muslim Economists have been trying todevelope and present some successful real working examples ofan interest-free economy.The usury "interest" is called in Islam "RIBA" a term whichliterally means increase or addition but from the Islamictechnical point of of view it refers to the addition in theamount of the principal of the loan on the basis of time forwhich it is loaned and the amount of the loan.The objective of the Islamic Banks and Investment Companiesis to develope Islamic forms of transaction that do notinvolve interest which is prohibted in Islam. Islam hasnothing against the modern banking operational techniques oragainst the cooperation or coordination with westerninvestment and banking institutions unless they conflictwith the Islamic rules.The Quran, which is the fundamental source of the Islamicrules and principles has prohibited Riba. One of theimplications of prohibition of Riba is that this prohibitioneliminates all debt financing instruments as they exist inthe traditional banking system. Islam has given somealternative transactions which do not involve Riba dealing.One of the important characteristics of the Islamicfinancial instruments is the Risk and Loss and Profitsharing.The cause of the prohibition of Riba will be discussed indetail in this study- The study will also list and explainsome of the main investment instruments and forms used inthe Islamic Banking.One of the most important forms of transaction developed inthe Islamic Banks and Investment Companies is a form of salecalled Murabaha. Murabaha is the most widely used form oftransaction in the Islamic Banks and in the same time it isthe most frequently subject to criticism. The Murabaharepresents a special form of contracts for sale of goods.It is a Contract of Sale where the seller is obliged todisi cose to the buyer the initial cost of the goods and themargin of profit he marked.The objective of this study is to discuss this special formof transaction, make comments on how it is being practisedin the Islamic Banks and Investment Companies.Being a newly developed investment instrument, the Murabahain its modern application has not been the subject of manybooks or researches. Many books and publications discussedthe subject of the Islamic Banking System but few of themhighlighted the issue of the moderm Murabaha which is adifferent application of the old Islamic traditional form ofMurabaha. The most important publications in this field arewritten recently after the Islamic Banks had adopted theMurabaha Sale Contract in its developed form. One of thebooks written in Murabaha is a book by DR. SAMI H. HOMOUD adistinguished Islamic Banker in the year 1976. The book istitled "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING ACTIVITIES IN CONFORMITYWITH THE ISLAMIC SHARIA". The book discussed andhighlighted all of the banking activities and was notdevoted to Murabaha. Another writer in this field is DR.AHMAD A. ABDULLAH who, in the year 1987, wrote his book"MURABAHA, its principles, conditions and applications inthe Islamic Banks". There are also some other IslamicEconomists who wrote about the Murabaha sale such as Dr.Youssof Al Garadawi who wrote "Murabaha Sale to PurchaseOrderer as applied in Islamic Banks", DR. ABDUL HAMEED ALBAALI, "The Jurisprudence of Murabaha" in addition to the"Scientific and Practical Islamic Banking Encyclopedia"issued by the International Institute of Islamic Banking &Economics.".There are some of the recent publications which discussed theissue of Murabaha in the Islamic Banks and Investment Companies.There are old publications and books that referred to andexplained this form of transaction. These are written by oldMuslim Thinkers and Jurists but, of course, they did not discussthe modern applications of the Murabaha Contract as they were notknown at those early days. The Murabaha Contract has been dealtwith and discussed from different points of view which the writerintends to discuss and elaborate in this study which will bedivided into four chapters.The First Chapter will be concerned with explaining the conceptof the Islamic Banks and Investment Companies showing their maincharacteristics and the points of difference between the IslamicBanks and the Conventional Banks. The chapter also describessome of the important islamic investment instruments which arebeing applied in the Islamic Banks.The Second Chapter of the study will be devoted to explain themeaning of Murabaha both literally and in the Islamic Sharia andthe stand of the different Muslim Jurists towards the definitionof the Murabaha Contract. In the second part of this chapter, theauthor will explain how the Murabaha Sale used to be practicedin the early days of Islam and how it is being applied now a daysin the modern Islamic Banks and Investment Companies.A detailed description of the transaction will be given in thischapter showing how the transaction starts with a purchase orderfrom the client to the Bank which purchases the required goodsunder its name, possesses them and then re-sells them to theclient.The Second Chapter also includes the general and the specialconditions required to achieve a proper Murabaha Contract.The general conditions are the conditions which apply to allcontracts regardless of their type such as the legal capacity ofthe parties, offer and acceptance, valuable consideration andthat the contract should not involve any usury. On the otherhand, the special conditions are those which apply to theMurabaha Sale Contract as a special form of contract. Theseconditions include that the original purchase price should bedisclosed to the buyer, the initial contract must be a valid onein accordance to the principles of the Islamic Sharia and thatthe goods should be owned by the seller at the time of the SaleContract.The third chapter of the study will contain the main problemsfacing the application of the Murabaha Contract in the IslamicBanks and Investment Companies showing that one of the mainissues in this regard is in the execution of the contract in theBanks which, in many cases, affects the properness of theMurabaha. The chapter will also involve in the points ofcriticism which are raised against the application of this formof transaction. Some of the main points of criticism includethat the Murabaha transaction involves usury, that it is a saleof what the seller does not own and that the transaction in itsmoden form was not known at the early days of Islam.All criticisms will be discussed in detail and it will be shownthat some of them are true and genuine and some actions need tobe taken in order to rectify the transaction.In the fourth chapter a summary of the findings of the studywill be given stating the writers opinion and recommendations forthe establishment of a proper application of the Islamic forms oftransaction especially for the Murabaha Sale of Goods. The mostimportant points relate to the qualifications, the concern andthe seriousness of the officials and the executives of theIslamic Banks and Companies who should be always well trained inthe business so that they can be able to face the challenge.-i
Collecting Cures in an Artisanal Manuscript: Practical Therapeutics and Disease in Ms. Fr. 640
No full textScattered throughout Ms. Fr. 640, the forty medical recipes form a small percentage of its over 900 entries. A consideration of the ailments, ingredients, and making processes described in the manuscript, as well as the author-practitioner’s process of collecting information, reveals a variety of connections between Ms. Fr. 640’s medical recipes and early modern artisanal work
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