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Overcoming social anxiety with therapeutic photography / Overcoming social anxiety with phototherapy
Get PDFVsak človek si v toku življenja ustvari lastne omejitve. Poti, opazke in zanke nas zavezane držijo v pasti lastnih težav, ki se potem skozi leta samo še, kot matematična potenca, potencirajo, med seboj množijo in v zavesti delajo nemir. Delajo nas nesrečne. Zaradi njih mislimo, kako slabi so ljudje, ob katerih živimo, kako slabi so sosedje, s katerimi si delimo ograje. Najbolj tipično se to pokaže, ko vstopimo skozi vhodna vrata stanovanjskega bloka ali ob prihodu v dvigalo, kjer vsi prisotni avtomatsko podležemo vlogi nevidnega opazovalca. Ostajata samo še umik v kot in izhod po najkrajši možni poti.
V magistrski nalogi je s prikritimi fotografijami predstavljeno avtoričino približevanje neznancem. Fotografije prikazujejo medčloveške odnose, čustvene trenutke in avtoričin zadržani odnos do njih. Raziskovalno-analitični del naloge temelji na psihološko-fotografski literaturi, ki obravnava primere premagovanja anksioznosti s pomočjo fotografije.
Preko lastne problematike težav s samopodobo magistrska naloga raziskuje in spoznava, kaj avtorico v življenju omejuje in kje je meja, do katere lahko gre, saj se ob premagovanju strahu pred novimi stiki odprejo nove možnosti za osebno rast in izpopolnjenost duševnega stanja.During their lifetime, every person creates their own limitations. We are prisoners of our own ways, remarks and loops which, just as in mathematics, exponentiate, multiply and create unrest. They make us unhappy. They make us believe that people that live near us are badthey make us believe that the neighbours we share our fences with are bad. This is most frequently seen when we enter an apartment building or when we enter an elevator, where all of those present automatically take the role of an invisible observer. All that is left is to retreat into a corner and exit via the shortest possible route.
Through hidden photographs, this Master’s thesis depicts how the author approaches strangers. The photographs show interpersonal relations, emotional moments and the author’s reserved attitude towards them. The research-analytical portion of this thesis is based on psychological and photography literature, which discusses cases involving the management of anxiety with the help of photography.
Through personal self-image issues, this Master’s thesis researches and uncovers which limitations the author encounters in her own life and identifies her limit, as overcoming the fear of making new connections creates new possibilities for personal growth and fulfilment
Character strengths, values and subjective well-being
Get PDFPomemben prelom v pozitivni psihologiji se je zgodil, ko sta avtorja Peterson in Seligman leta 2004 predstavila svojo klasifikacijo vrlin, s katero sta želela zagotoviti enotno besedišče za preučevanje pozitivnih vidikov osebnosti. Vrline so pozitivne, zaželene in moralno cenjene lastnosti, h katerim posameznik stremi s svojim vedenjem in so povezane s številnimi pozitivnimi življenjskimi izidi. V magistrski nalogi sem preučevala, kako so vrline povezane z vrednotami, osebnostnimi lastnostmi in subjektivnim blagostanjem ter če poleg osebnosti in vrednot, dodatno prispevajo k subjektivnemu blagostanju. V mojo raziskavo je bilo vključenih 214 mladih na prehodu v odraslost, starih od 18 do 30 let (M = 24,49 let, SD = 3,04), od teh je bilo 71,5 % žensk. V raziskavi sem uporabila štiri vprašalnike: vprašalnik vrlin – krajšo različico (Character Strengths Rating Form – CSRFRuch, Martínez-Martí, Proyer in Harzer, 2014), kratko obliko Schwartzove lestvice vrednot (Short Schwartz\u27s Value Scale – SSVSLindeman in Verkasalo, 2005), vprašalnik psihičnega zdravja (Mental Health Continuum – Short Form – MHC-SFKeyes, 2002) in lestvice velikih pet (Big Five Aspects Scales – BFASDeYoung, Quilty in Peterson, 2007). Rezultati so pokazali, da obstaja pomembna povezanost vrlin, ki so definirane tudi kot vrednote v akciji, z vrednotami in velikimi petimi osebnostnimi lastnostmi, vendar pa ta povezanost ni tako visoka, da bi bil obstoj omenjenih konstruktov hkrati nesmiseln. Vrline se povezujejo tudi s subjektivnim blagostanjem ter s tem tvorijo povezavo z eno izmed osnovnih sestavin duševnega zdravja in poleg osebnosti in vrednot pomembno prispevajo k subjektivnemu blagostanju. Nazadnje sem v nalogi predstavila še nekaj omejitev raziskave ter navedla smernice za nadaljnje raziskovanje.Authors Peterson and Seligman presented their Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues in 2004 and created a defining moment in the research field of positive psychology. They aimed for their classification to provide a unified vocabulary for researching positive aspects of personality. Character strengths are positive and morally valued characteristics, related to many positive outcomes. In my research, I was interested in how character strengths are related to values, personality and subjective well-being and whether they, along with personality characteristics and values, contribute to predicting of subjective well-being. My sample consisted of 214 people, aged 18 to 30 (M = 24,49 years, SD = 3,04), of which 71,5 % were women. I used four questionnaires: Character Strengths Rating Form (CSRFRuch, Martínez-Martí, Proyer in Harzer, 2014), Short Schwartz\u27s Value Scale (SSVSLindeman and Verkasalo, 2005), Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SFKeyes, 2002) and Big Five Aspects Scales (BFASDeYoung, Quilty and Peterson, 2007). The results showed significant correlations between character strengths, that are also defined as values in action, with values and the big five personality traits, but these correlations are not so high that the separate existence of the mentioned constructs would be unnecessary. Character strengths are also correlated with subjective well-being and are therefore linked to one of the basic components of mental health as they also add a significant contribution to predicting subjective well-being. I also presented some limitations of my study and provided guidelines for further research
Self-Construal and Subjective Wellbeing – a Test of the Integrative Cultural Model
Get PDFRaziskovali smo značilnosti subjektivnega blagostanja, strukture samopodobe in njuno medsebojno povezanost na vzorcu slovenskih (N = 240), hrvaških (N = 212) in čeških (N = 160) študentov. Preverili smo, ali je za njih značilen integrativni kulturni model povezanosti, ki so ga raziskovalci predhodno že potrdili v nekaterih izvorno kolektivističnih vzhodnoazijskih kulturah (Cheng idr., 2011), ki so podobno kot Slovenija, Hrvaška in Češka v zadnjih desetletjih doživele hitre socioekonomske spremembe. Model predpostavlja povezanost soodvisne in neodvisne strukture samopodobe s komponentami subjektivnega blagostanja, saj ne neodvisna, niti soodvisna samopodoba kot sama ne zadostuje za subjektivno blagostanje. Obe sta namreč predpostavljeni kot dva ločena mehanizma, ki dopolnjujeta drug drugega. V delu smo za merjenje konstruktov jaza uporabili Vprašalnik neodvisnega in soodvisnega jaza (IISSLu in Gilmour, 2007), za merjenje vidikov subjektivnega blagostanja pa Vprašalnik duševnega zdravja (MHC-SFKeyes, 2002). Podatke smo pridobili z baterijo vprašalnikov, izdelano za namene medkulturne raziskave International Study of Emotional Intelligence. Predpostavljene hipoteze glede odnosov med strukturo samopodobe in subjektivnim blagostanjem so bile le delno podprte z rezultati. Pri vseh treh vidikih subjektivnega blagostanja (čustveni, psihološki in socialni) smo ugotovili statistično pomembne povezave tako z neodvisno kot s soodvisno samopodobo, vendar se ne glede na relativno geografsko bližino preučevanih držav med njimi kažejo razlike. Z ugotovitvami smo dokazali kulturno specifične procese v strukturi samopodobe in subjektivnem blagostanju. Rezultati raziskave so dokaz, da teh treh držav ni smiselno enotiti in jih glede na strukturo samopodobe združevati v eno skupino, ampak so med njimi prisotne regionalne razlike.The thesis studies the characteristics of subjective wellbeing, self-construal and their interconnectedness, based on a sample of Slovenian (N = 240), Croatian (N = 212) and Czech (N = 160) students. We explored whether the integrative cultural model of interconnectedness applies to these countries. The model has been previously confirmed in some of the originally collectivist East-Asian cultures (Cheng et al, 2011), which, similarly as Slovenia, Croatia and Czech Republic, experienced quick socio-economic changes in the last decades. The model presupposes the connectedness of the interdependent and independent self-construal with the subjective wellbeing components, because neither the independent nor the interdependent self-construal as such is sufficient for subjective wellbeing. Both are actually presupposed as two separate mechanisms that complement each other. In the thesis, we use Independent and Interdependent Self Scale (IISSLu and Gilmour, 2007) for measuring the self-construals, and The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SFKeyes, 2002) for measuring the aspects of subjective wellbeing. The data is gathered with a battery of questionnaires, designed for the purposes of the intercultural study International Study of Emotional Intelligence. The presupposed hypotheses on the relations between the self-construal and subjective wellbeing are only partially supported by the results. All three aspects of subjective wellbeing (emotional, psychological and social) show statistically important corellations to the independent as well as interdependent self-construal. However, there are some differences between the countries, despite their relative geographic proximity. The findings suggest the culturally-specific processes of self-construal and subjective wellbeing. The results show that it is not reasonable to equate these three countries and join them into one group based on their self-construal, as there are many regional differences among them
Motivation, satisfaction of basic psychological needs and belonging to subculture in extreme sports
No full textV magistrskem delu smo raziskovali, kakšno vlogo imajo različni tipi notranje motivacije, zunanje motivacije, amotivacija in pripadnost subkulturi pri zadovoljenosti potreb po avtonomnosti, kompetentnosti, povezanosti in potrebe po telesni pripravljenosti pri ekstremnih športih. Teorija samodoločenosti namreč opredeljuje avtonomnost, kompetentnost in povezanost kot tri temeljne psihološke potrebe, ki naj bi bile povezane predvsem z notranjimi tipi motivacije. Ker naj bi bila subkultura pomemben vidik ekstremnih športov, smo želeli raziskati tudi, kakšna je vloga pripadnosti tej subkulturi pri zadovoljenosti treh temeljnih psiholoških potreb. Boljša telesna pripravljenost je pogost motiv športne dejavnosti, zato nas je zanimalo tudi, kako se s potrebo po telesni pripravljenosti v ekstremnih športih povezujejo različni tipi motivacije za ekstremne športe. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 130 udeležencev, ki se z ekstremnimi športi ukvarjajo tekmovalno ali netekmovalno. Udeleženci so v spletni raziskavi izpolnili Vprašalnik zadovoljenosti temeljnih potreb na delovnem mestu in Vprašalnik športne motivacije, ki smo ju priredili tako, da sta se nanašala na področje ekstremnih športov. Odgovorili so tudi na tri postavke, s katerimi smo merili zadovoljenost potrebe po telesni pripravljenosti pri ekstremnih športih in eno postavko, s katero smo merili pripadnost subkulturi ekstremnih športov. Rezultati multiple linearne regresije so pokazali, da zadovoljenost treh temeljnih psiholoških potreb v ekstremnih športih izmed tipov motivacije najbolje napoveduje amotivacija (negativno) in notranja motivacija za stimulacijo (pozitivno). Zadovoljenost treh temeljnih psiholoških potreb v ekstremnih športih pozitivno napoveduje tudi pripadnost njihovi subkulturi. Izkazalo se je tudi, da notranja motivacija za dosežek pozitivno napoveduje zadovoljenost potrebe po telesni pripravljenosti v ekstremnih športih, negativno pa jo napoveduje amotivacija. Ugotovitev, da igra pripadnost subkulturi ekstremnih športov pomembno vlogo pri zadovoljevanju treh temeljnih psiholoških potreb v ekstremnih športih, vidimo kot glaven doprinos naše raziskave, saj še dodatno pojasnjuje, v kakšnem okolju je na področju športa možno njihovo zadovoljevanje, ki je pomembno za zdrav osebnostni razvoj.In this master thesis, we investigated the role of different types of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation and belongingness to subculture in the satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness and physical thriving in extreme sports. Self-determination theory identifies autonomy, competence and relatedness as three basic psychological needs that are especially related to intrinsic types of motivation. As subcultures are an important aspect of extreme sports, we wanted to investigate the role of belongingness to subculture in the satisfaction of these three basic psychological needs. Physical thriving is a common motive for sporting activity, so we were also interested in how different types of motivation for extreme sports relate to the need for physical thriving in extreme sports. 130 people who do extreme sports competitively or non-competitively participated in the study. In the online survey, participants completed a Basic need satisfaction at work questionnaire and a Sports motivation scale, which were adapted to the field of extreme sports. They also answered 3 items measuring satisfaction of the need for physical thriving in extreme sports and one item measuring belonging to an extreme sports subculture. The results of multiple linear regression showed that satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs in extreme sports is among the motivation types best predicted by amotivation (negatively) and intrinsic motivation for stimulation in extreme sports (positively). Satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs in extreme sports is also positively predicted by belongingness to the subculture of extreme sports. Intrinsic motivation for achievement also positively predicted satisfaction of the need for physical thriving in extreme sports, whereas amotivation predicted it negatively. We consider the finding that belongingness to extreme sports subculture plays an important role in the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs in extreme sports as a main contribution of our research, as it further clarifies in which sporting environment it is possible to satisfy these needs, which are important for healthy personality development
Concentration and fluid intelligence in relation to motor skills in fifth graders
No full textŠtevilo raziskav, ki preučujejo povezovanje motorike in psiholoških značilnosti, narašča, a vseeno je na tem področju še vedno precej neodgovorjenih vprašanj. Predvsem pri otrocih, ki so v fazi dinamičnega razvoja, je dobro razumevanje tega odnosa bistveno za oblikovanje smiselnih in učinkovitih priporočil telesne vadbe, ki se glede na pretekle raziskave pozitivno povezuje z razvojem kognicije. Podatki v dani magistrski nalogi so bili zbrani v sklopu projekta SLOfit, preko katerega se že od leta 1996 sistematično spremlja telesni in gibalni razvoj slovenskih otrok in mladostnikov. Projektu je bilo v nekaterih 5. razredih ljubljanskih osnovnih šol leta 2021 pilotno dodano še kognitivno testiranje, in sicer Test pozornosti d2 ter Test nizov, ki meri fluidno inteligentnost. V našo raziskavo je bilo vključenih 281 otrok, od tega 154 dečkov in 127 deklic. Poleg omenjenih kognitivnih testov smo uporabili še podatke motoričnih nalog športnovzgojnega kartona, podrobneje naloge, ki merijo vzdržljivost, eksplozivnost in koordinacijo. Zanimala nas je povezava motoričnih sposobnosti vzdržljivosti in koordinacije s koncentracijo ter motoričnih sposobnosti eksplozivnosti in koordinacije s fluidno inteligentnostjo. Na danem vzorcu se niso pokazale enoznačne pomembne povezave med koncentracijo, fluidno inteligentnostjo in motoričnimi pokazatelji, z izjemo pri deklicah, kjer rezultati kažejo na manjšo, a pomembno povezavo med mero fluidne inteligentnosti ter motoričnimi nalogami eksplozivnosti in koordinacije. Nekatere manjše, a pomembne povezave psiholoških spremenljivk so se pokazale tudi pri nalogah, za katere je potrebna koordinacija. Koordinativni elementi vadbe se potencialno povezujejo s kognicijo, vendar so zaradi kompleksnosti področja, majhnih učinkov ter relativno majhnega in starostno homogenega vzorca na tem področju potrebne dodatne raziskave.The number of studies examining the connection between motor skills and psychological characteristics is growing, but there are still many unanswered questions in this area. Especially for children who are in a phase of dynamic development, a good understanding of this relationship is essential for formulating meaningful and effective recommendations for physical exercise, which, according to past research, is positively associated with the development of cognition. The data in this master\u27s thesis were collected as part of the SLOfit project, through which the physical development of Slovenian children and adolescents has been systematically monitored since 1996. In 2021, cognitive testing was added to the project for the first time in some elementary schools (5th grade) in Ljubljana, namely the d2 attention test and “Test nizov”, which measures fluid intelligence. 281 children were included in our research, of which 154 were boys and 127 were girls. In addition to the mentioned cognitive tests, we also used the data of the SLOfit project motor tasks, more specifically the tasks that measure endurance, explosiveness, and coordination. We were interested in the connection of motor skills of endurance and coordination with concentration and motor skills of explosiveness and coordination with fluid intelligence. No unambiguous significant correlations between concentration, fluid intelligence, and motor skills were found in the given sample. Some small but significant correlations were found between fluid intelligence and motor tasks based in explosiveness and coordination in girls. Additionally, small but significant correlations were found between psychological variables and motor tasks requiring coordination. Coordinative elements of exercise are potentially associated with cognition, but due to the complexity of the area, low correlations, and relatively small and age-homogeneous sample, additional research is needed
Comparison between objective and subjective methods of scoring originality in the Alternative Use Task
No full textEno izmed še ne popolnoma raziskanih področij v okviru ustvarjalnosti je merjenje kognitivne komponente ustvarjalnosti: divergentnega mišljenja (natančneje dimenzije originalnosti). Magistrsko delo se ukvarja s primerjavo merskih značilnosti (zanesljivosti in veljavnosti) objektivnih in subjektivnih metod vrednotenja odgovorov pri Nalogi alternativne uporabe. originalnost odgovorov smo ovrednotili na štiri različne načine, uporabili smo dve subjektivni (metoda povprečenja, metoda splošnega vtisa) in dve objektivni metodi (metoda pražnega točkovanja, komplementarna metoda). Zanimalo nas je, v kolikšni meri so subjektivne in objektivne metode zanesljive ter kakšna je povezanost med različnimi metodami. Zanesljivost metod smo preverjali tako, da smo preverjali skladnost med ocenjevalkama, poleg tega tudi skladnost med ocenami originalnosti za vse tri predmete na AUT pri vsaki metodi. Ocenjevalki sta bili pri ocenjevanju zmerno skladni (ICC = 0,66 – 0,76). Alfa koeficienti za celoten vzorec so bili naslednji: komplementarna metoda (0,87), metoda praga (0,76), metoda splošnega vtisa (0,74) in metoda povprečenja (0,37 – nesprejemljivo, kaže na nizko notranjo zanesljivost). Nato smo preverjali konstruktno veljavnost, tako da smo računali povezanost med ocenami originalnosti in ocenami ustvarjalnosti istih posameznikov pri preizkušnji pojmovne razširitve (Žival s tujega planeta). Preverili smo tudi, kako se ocene originalnosti povezujejo z merami odprtosti (odprtost za izkušnje in njene facete). Vse korelacije med metodami vrednotenja originalnosti so bile statistično značilne (z izjemo korelacije med metodo povprečenja in estetsko občutljivostjo), korelacije so bile nizke do zmerne. Zanimalo nas je tudi, v kolikšni meri lahko napovemo posameznikov rezultat pri izpolnjevanju vprašalnika BFI-2 in ustvarjalnost pri preizkušnji pojmovne razširitve Žival s tujega planeta z različnimi vidiki divergentnega mišljenja: originalnost, fluentnost in fleksibilnost. Rezultati regresij so nam razkrili, da originalnost, ovrednotena s subjektivno ali objektivno metodo, ne pripomore v veliki meri k pojasnjeni varianci v katerikoli izmed dveh odvisnih spremenljivk. Ocene originalnosti se namreč v veliki meri prekrivajo z ocenami fluentnosti. Izkazalo se je, da so subjektivne metode v primerjavi z objektivnimi boljše, ker ne korelirajo tako visoko z mero fluentnosti odgovorov, vendar pa je bila razlika med metodami zelo majhna. Kot optimalna za uporabo se je izkazala metoda splošnega vtisa. Magistrsko delo pomembno doprinese k raziskovanju področja originalnosti in s tem ustvarjalnosti, saj v literaturi še vedno naletimo na nestrinjanja med psihologi glede tega, katere metode za vrednotenje originalnosti so pri nalogi alternativne uporabe najbolj primerne ter kako izboljšati metode za vrednotenje originalnosti.One of the not yet fully explored areas in creativity is the measurement of the cognitive component of creativity: divergent thinking (more precisely, the dimension of originality). The master\u27s thesis deals with the comparison of the measurement characteristics (reliability and validity) of objective and subjective methods of evaluating answers in the Alternative Use Task. the originality of the answers was evaluated in four different ways, we used two subjective (averaging method, snapshot method) and two objective methods (threshold scoring method, complementary method). We were interested in the extent to which subjective and objective methods are reliable and what is the connection between the different methods. The reliability of the methods was evaluated by checking the consistency between the raters, as well as the consistency between the originality ratings for all three subjects at the AUT for each method. The two raters were moderately consistent in their assessment (ICC = 0.66 – 0.76). Alpha coefficients for the entire sample were as follows: complementary method (0.87), threshold method (0.76), snapshot method (0.74), and averaging method (0.37 – unacceptable, indicating low internal reliability). Then we evaluated the construct validity by calculating the correlation between originality ratings and creativity ratings of the same individuals in the conceptual expansion test (Animal from an alien planet). We also examined how ratings of originality relate to measures of openness (openness to experience and its facets). All correlations between the originality evaluation methods were statistically significant (with the exception of the correlation between the averaging method and aesthetic sensitivity), the correlations were low to moderate. We were also interested in the extent to which we can predict an individual\u27s result when completing the BFI-2 questionnaire and creativity when testing the conceptual expansion of Animals from an alien planet with different aspects of divergent thinking: originality, fluency and flexibility. The results of the regressions revealed to us that originality, evaluated with a subjective or objective method, does not contribute significantly to the explained variance in any of the two dependent variables. Indeed, originality scores largely overlap with fluency scores. It turned out that the subjective methods are better compared to the objective ones because they do not correlate as highly with the fluency of the answers, but the difference between the methods was very small. Snapshot method proved to be optimal for use. The master\u27s thesis contributes significantly to research in the field of originality and thus creativity, as in the literature we still encounter disagreements among psychologists regarding which methods for evaluating originality are most suitable for the task of alternative use and how to improve methods for evaluating originality
Satisfaction with physical appearance, partner resemblance in physical appearance and relationship satisfaction
Get PDFZadovoljstvo v partnerskem odnosu je vprašanje mnogih raziskovalcev. Po preteklih raziskavah splošna samopodoba, telesna samopodoba in privlačnost partnerja napovedujejo zadovoljstvo v odnosu s partnerjem. Obstajajo povezave med samopodobo, oceno lastne privlačnosti, zadovoljstvom z zunanjim videzom in podobnostjo obraza, zaradi česar se sprašujemo tudi o morebitnih povezavah z zadovoljstvom v odnosu. Spraševali smo se, ali splošna in telesna samopodoba, privlačnost lastnega in partnerjevega obraza, zadovoljstvo z zunanjim videzom in podobnost s partnerjem v zunanjem videzu napovedujejo zadovoljstvo v partnerskem odnosu. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 mladih odraslih. Preko regresijske analize smo preverili napovedno moč posameznih konstruktov. Za najboljši napovednik se je izkazala splošna samopodoba. Zadovoljstvo v odnosu napovedujejo tudi telesna samopodoba, privlačnost partnerja in podobnost po nosu. Vprašali smo se o nezavednem delovanju človeške narave pri izbiri sebi podobnega partnerja. Odkrili smo nizke povezave med zadovoljstvom s potezo oči in izbiro partnerja, ki nam je podoben v isti potezi. Odkrili smo tudi povezavo med zadovoljstvom z nosom in podobnostjo s partnerjem po ustih, vseeno pa so povezave nizke. Podobnost in njena povezava z zadovoljstvom v partnerskem odnosu do sedaj še nista bili dobro raziskani, prav tako pa smo ena izmed prvih raziskav, ki smo delali s samoocenami podobnosti med pari v partnerskem odnosu.Satisfaction with physical appearance is a popular topic among researchers. Past research shows that general self-concept, physical self-concept and partner attractiveness are predictors of relationship satisfaction. There are correlations between self-concept, attractiveness, satisfaction with physical appearance and self-resemblance. This poses the question, whether there are significant correlations with the construct relationship satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to test general self-concept, physical self-concept, attractiveness of one\u27s own and partner\u27s face, satisfaction with physical appearance and partner resemblance in physical appearance as predictors of relationship satisfaction. 196 young adults took part in the research. We calculated the predictors\u27 strength with the method regression. General self-concept appeared to be the best predictor. We found that physical self-concept, partner\u27s attractiveness and self-resemblance of the nose were predictors of relationship satisfaction. We posed the question, whether the unconscious human nature had a say in choosing a partner that resembles us. We found small correlations between satisfaction and self-resemblance of one\u27s eyes. There was a correlation between one\u27s satisfaction of the nose and self-resemblance of the mouth. The correlations were small. Self-resemblance in romantic relationship and its connection to relationship satisfaction has not been well researched until now. This is one of the first research papers that works with self-evaluated estimates of self-resemblance between romantic partners
Body image, self-esteem and subjective well-being among dancers
No full textV svoji magistrski nalogi sem se osredotočila na žensko populacijo in najprej raziskala povezanost konstruktov telesne samopodobe, samospoštovanja in subjektivnega blagostanja. Prav tako me je zanimala tudi povezava med objektivizacijo in negativnim vrednotenjem lastnih telesnih delov. V drugem delu pa sem se osredotočila na ples in njegovo povezanost z omenjenimi konstrukti. Zanimalo me je, ali se ženske plesalke v primerjavi z neplesalkami manj samoobjektivizirajo in imajo višjo telesno samopodobo, samospoštovanje in subjektivno blagostanje kot ženske, ki se s plesom ne ukvarjajo. V raziskavo je bilo s spletnim vprašalnikom zajetih 86 plesalk in 85 neplesalk. Rezultati so pokazali, da se telesna samopodoba pomembno povezuje s samospoštovanjem ter čustvenim, socialnim in psihološkim blagostanjem. Pri tem pa se je izkazalo, da ob kontroli ostalih napovednikov, ne predstavlja pomembnega napovednika samospoštovanja in blagostanja. Plesalke so imele v primerjavi z neplesalkami pomembno višjo telesno samopodobo, medtem ko pri ostalih konstruktih ni prišlo do statistično pomembnih razlik. Ples se ni izkazal za pomemben napovednik telesne samopodobe, samospoštovanja in blagostanja. Dodatna kvalitativna analiza zvrsti senzualnega plesa ob drogu je pokazala, da senzualni ples ob drogu ženskam predstavlja dejavnost, ki spodbuja samozavedanje in sprejemanje lastnega telesa ter pozitivno vpliva predvsem na njihovo samospoštovanje.In my master\u27s thesis I focused on the female population and first investigated the relationship between the constructs of body self-image, self-esteem and subjective well-being. I was also interested in the relationship between objectification and negative evaluation of one\u27s own body parts. In the second part, I focused on dance and its relationship to these constructs. I was interested in whether female dancers, compared to non-dancers, are less self-objectifying and have higher body self-image, self-esteem and subjective well-being than women who do not dance. The study included 86 female dancers and 85 non-dancers using an online questionnaire. The results showed that body self-image is significantly associated with self-esteem and emotional, social and psychological well-being. However, when controlling for other predictors, it was found not to be a significant predictor of self-esteem and well-being. Female dancers had significantly higher physical self-esteem compared to non-dancers, while no statistically significant differences were found for the other constructs. Dancing did not prove to be a significant predictor of body self-esteem, self-concept and well-being. Further qualitative analysis of the genre of sensual pole dancing showed that sensual pole dancing is an activity that promotes women\u27s self-awareness and acceptance of their own bodies, and has a positive impact on their self-esteem
The effect of narrative perspective on identification, emotion, and absorption during fiction reading
No full textEna ključnih značilnosti zgodb je izbira pripovedne perspektive. Prejšnje študije so pokazale različne učinke perspektive in manipuliranja demografskih spremenljivk na subjektivno izkušnjo branja, kjer prvoosebna perspektiva in podobnost med bralcem ter književnim likom delujeta na povečano identifikacijo s predstavljenim likom, zatopljenost v zgodbo in čustveno vpletenost. Kljub pogostemu preučevanju pa še ni bilo izvedene raziskave, ki bi hkrati preverjala učinek pripovedne perspektive v primeru ujemanja spola lika in spola bralca. Konstrukti identifikacije, zatopljenosti in čustvovanja so si tudi precej podobni, zato ostaja nejasno, kakšni so njihovi medsebojni odnosi. V magistrski nalogi me je zanimal učinek pripovedne perspektive in skladnosti spola lika s spolom bralca. Udeleženci (N = 208) so naključno prebrali eno izmed štirih različic kratke zgodbe, ki so se med seboj razlikovale glede na slovnično osebo pripovedne perspektive (1. ali 3. oseba) in spola osrednjega lika (moški ali ženski zaimki). Z izvedbo 2 (pripovedna perspektiva) x 2 (spol bralca) x 2 (spol lika) eksperimentalnega načrta sem želela preveriti, ali prvoosebna pripoved v primeru skladnosti spola bralca s spolom književnega lika vpliva na večjo identifikacijo, zatopljenost in spremembo v čustvovanju pred branjem kratke zgodbe in po njem. Rezultati so pokazali, da so se bralci bolj identificirali z moškim likom v primeru branja iz tretjeosebne perspektive, bralke pa so se bolj identificirale z ženskim likom v primeru branja iz prvoosebne pripovedi. Ženske so se tudi bolj zatopile v zgodbo, čeprav ni bilo učinka pripovedne perspektive in spola lika na zatopljenost. V nasprotju s pričakovanji ni bilo nobenega učinka neodvisnih spremenljivk na čustvovanje, kljub dobljeni spremembi v čustvovanju pred branjem in po njem. Poleg tega je identifikacija posredno in neposredno napovedovala zatopljenost, neposredno sta zatopljenost napovedovali še spremenljivki pozitivnega čustvovanja in zanosa. Ti rezultati poudarjajo specifično obdelavo pripovedne perspektive in kažejo, da so lastnosti bralca pomembnejše od formalnih značilnosti besedila.One of the key features of stories is the choice of narrative perspective. Previous studies have shown different effects of perspective and manipulation of demographic variables on the subjective experience of reading, where the first-person perspective and similarity between the reader and literary character increase identification with the character, absorption in the story, and emotional involvement. Despite their frequent study, no research has yet been conducted that simultaneously examined the effect of narrative perspective in the case of a matching condition between the character\u27s gender and reader\u27s gender. Furthermore, it remains unclear how identification, absorption, and emotion are related to one another. In the current study, participants (N = 208) were randomly assigned to read one of four versions of a short story. Versions differed in the grammatical person of the narrative perspective (1st or 3rd person) and gender of the main character (i.e. male or female pronouns). By conducting a 2 (narrative perspective) x 2 (reader\u27s gender) x 2 (character\u27s gender) experimental design, I wanted to check whether the first-person narrative and the matching gender condition evoked greater identification, absorption, and a change in emotions. The results showed that men identified more with the male character in the case of reading from the third-person perspective, while women identified more with the female character in the case of reading from the first-person narrative. Women were also more absorbed, although there was no effect of narrative perspective and character\u27s gender. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of independent variables on emotion, despite the obtained change in emotion before and after reading. In addition, identification indirectly and directly predicted absorption, which was also directly predicted by positive emotion and flow. These results underscore the specific processing of narrative perspective and suggest that reader characteristics may be more important than formal text features
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