11 research outputs found
Buckling strength of compressed columns using design rules and nonlinear stability analysis
No full text
Analysis of flow around high speed irregularly shaped bodies using numerical simulations
No full text
The optimal design of school desks depending on the height and weight of students
No full textBackground: The subject of this research is the creation of an optimal school bench design with the aim of determining the most favorable posture of students while sitting, taking into account the relevant ergonometric and biomechanical characteristics of the human body. For the proposed model of the school bench which allows adjusting the different slopes of its surface, the corresponding computer model of the student and the table was first created, and then biomechanical and RULA analysis was performed in order to determine the maximum load in the lumbar part. Next, for each test subject of given weight, it was necessary to determine the amount of maximum load in lumbar zone L3/L4 for different slope angles and to determine the critical angles at which the maximum permissible load of 3400 N is reached.
Methods: The analysis is performed on a total of 5 subjects of the same height (180 cm) and various weights (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kg). The task is to determine at which weight and at what angle of the workbench with standard height will not exceed the permissible loads of the spine, specifically referring to the L4/L5 vertebrae whose stresses should not exceed 3400 N. The CATIA software package (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) is used for the analysis. By knowing the anthropometric and work environment data with ergonomic design and analysis, the following analyzes were made: biomechanical analysis, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and carry analysis (an option from CATIA software).
Results: The proposed school bench design allows for flexible adjustments to its worktop, that is, changing its tilt. This allows students of different body masses to have an optimal position at work that does not compromise their maximum permissible load in the L4/L5 spinal column (3400N).
Conclusions: The proposed ergonomic design of the desk will result in students being adequately positioned during their activities at school with the minimal risk of permanent deviations and other health problems
Budgetary central government expenses
No full textNamjera autora u završnom radu jest osvrnuti se na posljednjih dvadesetak godina hrvatskog proračuna promatrajući njegove određene rashodovne stavke te pokušati doći do određenih zaključaka uspoređujući kretanja proračunskih sredstava tijekom godina s određenim makroekonomskim pokazateljima. Između onih koji mogu prilično dobro očitati opće gospodarsko stanje države, ovog puta uspoređivat će se odnos bruto domaćeg proizvoda i proračunskih rashoda prema funkcionalnoj klasifikaciji za socijalnu sigurnost i skrb, obrazovanje, zdravstvo kao i izdacima za obranu i kamate, da navedemo samo neke troškove koje ćemo obuhvatiti.
Obzirom na specifičnu geopolitičku pozadinu Hrvatske u smislu poratne tranzicijske zemlje koja nastoji što bezbolnije prigrliti i implementirati tržišno orijentirana načela skrenut ćemo pozornost na pojedine elemente koji imaju velik utjecaj na navedene ekonomske pokazatelje i na proračun, kao na primjer unutarnja i vanjska politika države te učinci istih u domaćem gospodarstvu. Cilj rada jest interpretirati kretanja određenih rashoda državnog proračuna u korelaciji s kretanjima ekonomskih indikatora.The intention of the author is to show the State Budget over the last twenty years, observing its expenses which will be compared with some economic indicators such as gross domestic product. Among many other possible categories of budgetary expenses, this time we will focus on functional classification one that includes expenses for social welfare, education, health, defence and interests, just to mention some.
Considering Croatia's specific geopolitical background in a sense of a post-war country in transition trying to embrace and implement the principles of a market economy, the attention will be turned to certain factors that had and still have big impact both on economic indicators and the State Budget, for example domestic and foreign state policies and its effects on domestic economy. The goal of this paper is to interpret certain expenses and expenditures in correlation with economic indicators
Strategies and Corporate Planning in the Automotive Industry
No full textTema ovog rada je analiza važnosti korporativnog planiranja i strategije kao strateškog dokumenta tog procesa na primjeru automobilske industrije. Korporativno planiranje kao proces analiziranja ostvarenog, utvrđivanja trenutnog i planiranje budućeg predstavlja temeljni postulat uspješnog poslovanja neke korporacije. Definiranjem strategije korporacija definira svoje planove, ciljeve i smjer u kojem se želi kretati. Cilj rada je analiza automobilske industrije, načina na koji automobilski konzorciji planiraju svoje aktivnosti i ciljeve, te tržišnih trendova kao važnih utjecajnih faktora korporativnog planiranja i izrade strategije. Najprije se u radu pristupilo teorijskoj obradi i definiranju pojmova korporacije, korporativnog planiranja i strategija, nakon čega se opisuju specifičnosti automobilske industrije, trendovi i drugi čimbenici koje proizvođači automobila uzimaju u obzir prilikom izrade strategije. Nakon toga autor analizira strategije i ciljeve automobilske industrije na primjeru Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft AG grupe, BMW AG grupe i Daimler AG grupe. Razrađuju se ključne aktivnosti, planovi i ciljevi dugoročnog razvoja i poslovanja tih
konzorcija, te izazovi i promjene s kojima se susreću u procesu planiranja održivog rasta.The topic of this paper is the analysis of the importance of corporate planning and strategy as a strategic document of this process explained on the example of the automotive industry. Corporate planning as a process of analyzing what has been achieved, determining the current and planning for the future is a fundamental postulate of a successful corporate business. By defining a strategy, a corporation defines its plans, goals and the direction in which it wants to go. The aim of this paper is to analyze the automotive industry, they way in which automotive consortia plan their activities and goals, and the market trends as important influencing factors of corporate planning and strategy development. The paper first approaches the theoretical processing and definition of corporate concepts, corporate planning and strategies, after which the specifics of the automotive industry, trends and other factors that car manufacturers take into account when developing a strategy are described. After that, the author analyzes the strategy and goals of the automotive industry on the example of the Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft AG Group, the BMW AG Group and the Daimler AG Group. They key activities, plans and goals of the long-term development and operation of these consortia, as well as the challenges and changes they face in the process of sustainable growth planning, are elaborated
Influence of school backpacks on spinal column load in primary school students
No full textBackground: The problem of heavy school bags is a global problem recognized in many countries in Europe and the world, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to poor posture habits, "sedentary lifestyles" and insufficient physical activity, school bags is one of the main causes of low back pain and deformity in pupils. The recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) is that the weight of the school bag should not exceed 10% of the student\u27s weight. However, in practice these limitations are far from reality with the obvious problems caused by too heavy bags. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze the backbone load caused by the overweight school backpacks in real school work conditions and eliminate them by creating new solutions that are in line with ergonomic and biomechanical principles, as well as the recommendation given by WHO.
Methods: The research included first grade primary school students at the age of seven, including their parents. The research began by interviewing parents with relevant questions, as well as measuring the students’ height and weight and the weight of their school backpacks. The analysis was performed in CATIA v5 software package (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) using its advanced biomechanical modules. By knowing the anthropometric and work environment data with ergonomic design and analysis, the biomechanical analysis, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and carry analysis were performed.
Results: The conducted survey showed that 84% of students walk from home to school nineteen minutes on average and that 77% of them carry their school backpacks independently. Based on the measurements, it has been shown that, on average, the weight of the school backpacks is well above the WHO recommendation. A study conducted on a representative sample of students confirmed the relation between fatigue and spinal pain caused by carrying a heavy school bag. Computer analysis showed excessive loads on the spinal segment of L4/L5 that were outside the normal range of 3,400 N.
Conclusions: A simulated computer analysis using RULA and biomechanical analysis with calculations of maximum loads in the lumbar segment of students found that school backpacks carried by students were too heavy for their age and well beyond the normal limits and WHO recommendations. The analysis showed that it is necessary to reduce the weight of the bag by about 30%
