256 research outputs found
Education of the Author as Artist: Rilke's The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge & Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther
No full textMalte and Werther serve as a twin study of the role of the Bildungsroman protagonist at pivotal shifting points in European intellectual thought. Both Rilke and Goethe are characterized by a longing for some kind of transcendence from ordinary experience, and locate that alternative in the dichotomy of art and love. In this essay I will explore how Werther undertakes his love for Lotte as if it were a product of art, while Malte commits himself to liberation from all forms of passionate love. Over a hundred years after the degeneration of and murder of Goethe's protagonist, Rilke will discover an alternative conception of love, one which aspires to a higher form of art, and allows him to evolve seamlessly from the last page of Malte's diary to the poet he will later become
L'influence d'un homme sur la géographie française : Conrad Malte-Brun (1775-1826)
No full textThis article looks at geography as it was practiced and preached by an author who wrote after the Revolution, at the time of Napoleon, and under the Restauration, Conrad Malte-Brun. He was a public figure of some considerable influence who had strongly held opinions which, in part, reflected the political, scientific and ideological preoccupations of his time. The focus here is on the internal logic of his thought. His ideas on the nature of geography were often contradictory and sometimes tendentious. They, nevertheless, bear study as they had a considerable influence, although arguably not a strictly positive one, on the future of the discipline and also because they echo the concerns of " literary " or descriptive geographers — including their most modern adherents, the postmodernists.Cet article examine la géographie pratiquée et propagée par Malte-Brun qui écrit après la Révolution et à l'époque de la Restauration. C'est un homme cultivé, opiniâtre, bien connu du public, et dont les jugements répondent surtout aux préoccupations politiques, scientifiques et idéologiques du temps. Je m'intéresse ici à la logique interne de sa pensée. Ses idées sur la nature de la géographie, souvent contradictoires et parfois tendancieuses, sont néanmoins importantes pour leur influence, pas toujours favorable, sur l'avenir de la discipline et parce qu'elles trouvent un écho chez les géographes littéraires, même contemporains.Godlewska Anne. L'influence d'un homme sur la géographie française : Conrad Malte-Brun (1775-1826) . In: Annales de Géographie, t. 100, n°558, 1991. pp. 190-206
Finding Degree-Constrained Acyclic Orientations
No full textWe consider the problem of orienting a given, undirected graph into a (directed) acyclic graph such that the in-degree of each vertex ν is in a prescribed list λ(ν). Variants of this problem have been studied for a long time and with various applications, but mostly without the requirement for acyclicity. Without this requirement, the problem is closely related to the classical General Factor problem, which is known to be NP-hard in general, but polynomial-time solvable if no list λ(ν) contains large "gaps" [Cornuejols, J. Comb. Theory B, 1988]. In contrast, we show that deciding if an acyclic orientation exists is NP-hard even in the absence of such "gaps". On the positive side, we design parameterized algorithms for various, natural parameterizations of the acyclic orientation problem. A special case of the orientation problem with degree constraints recently came up in the context of reconstructing evolutionary histories (that is, phylogenetic networks). This phylogenetic setting imposes additional structure onto the problem that can be exploited algorithmically, allowing us to show fixed-parameter tractability when parameterized by either the treewidth of G (a smaller parameter than the frequently employed "level"), by the number of vertices ν for which |λ(ν)| ≥ 2, by the number of vertices ν for which the highest value in λ(ν) is at least 2. While the latter result can be extended to the general degree-constraint acyclic orientation problem, we show that the former cannot unless FPT=W[1].Discrete Mathematics and Optimizatio
"La vision de l’Espagne de la première moitié du XIXe siècle dans la Géographie Universelle de Conrad Malte-Brun"
No full textInternational audienceGreat figure of French and European geography - from the first quarter of the 19th century, Conrad Malte-Brun leaves a considerable scientific written work, including a vast Universal Geography that then marked his time, reissued repeatedly for more than 50 years. Unlike Élisée Reclus, another great figure of the second half of the 19th century, Malte-Brun’s writings remain poorly known, if not underestimated. Now, through the common thread that represents the chapter of his Universal Geography devoted to Spain, we aim to show that its author was able to go beyond the simple descriptive dimension characterizing many geographical texts of his time to introduce a real explanatory dimension. Just for that, it deserves very largely, in our opinion, to be rediscovered...Gran figura de la geografía francesa - y europea - del primer cuarto del siglo XIX, Conrad Malte-Brun deja una obra científica escrita considerable, entre las cuales una vasta Géographie universelle que marcó entonces su época, reeditada en múltiples ocasiones durante más de 50 años. A diferencia de Élisée Reclus, otra gran figura de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, los escritos de Malte-Brun siguen siendo poco conocidos, si no subestimados. Ahora bien, a través del hilo conductor que representa el capítulo de su Geografía universal dedicado a España, Nuestro objetivo es demostrar que su autor ha sabido superar la simple dimensión descriptiva que caracteriza a muchos textos geográficos de su época para introducir una verdadera dimensión explicativa. Solo por eso, merece ampliamente, en nuestra opinión, ser redescubierto...Grande figure de la géographie française – et européenne - du premier quart du XIXe siècle, Conrad Malte-Brun laisse une œuvre scientifique écrite considérable, dont une vaste Géographie universelle qui marqua alors son époque, rééditée à de multiples reprises durant plus de 50 ans. Contrairement à Élisée Reclus, autre grande figure de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, les écrits de Malte-Brun demeurent mal connus, sinon mésestimés. Or, à travers le fil conducteur que représente le chapitre de sa Géographie universelle consacré à l’Espagne, nous avons pour objectif de montrer que son auteur a su dépasser la simple dimension descriptive caractérisant nombre de textes géographiques de son époque pour introduire une réelle dimension explicative. Rien que pour ce, il mérite très largement, à notre sens, d’être redécouvert
The crucial role of mindsets in innovation efforts: opening the black box in the context of frugal innovation
No full textInnovation research has investigated the relevance of innovations for organizational competitiveness and the role of innovations for social as well as economic welfare. Accordingly, scholars and practitioners frequently emphasize the innovation processes that lead to desired innovative outcomes. Nevertheless, these innovation processes have to be carried out by motivated individuals. Increasingly, academic literature takes the mindsets of these actors into consideration. However, diverging conceptualizations limit our understanding of the term "mindset" and the role of individuals’ mindsets in organizational innovation efforts. This book aims at opening the “black box” of innovation as a mindset. Linking mindset theories from social psychology to the context of frugal innovation, the author provides rigorous conceptual work on mindsets in innovation. This conceptual research is supported by findings from two empirical studies. This book makes important contributions to theory and practice: to academic research by developing conceptual clarity on understanding innovation as a mindset and providing supportive empirical evidence, and to innovation practice by showing how a detailed understanding of individuals’ mindsets can inform evidence-based change interventions. About the author: Malte Krohn dedicates his professional career to democratizing innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2022 he was announced as a Faculty Innovation Fellow at Stanford University's d.school
"La vision de l’Espagne dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle dans le Précis de la Géographie universelle de Conrad Malte-Brun"
No full textInternational audienceThe French geographer of Danish origin, Conrad Malte-Brun, in view of his voluminous written work, remains an author still little studied, certainly by our Spanish colleagues but also by the French elsewhere, thrown into the dustbin of French geography history by a few lapidary judgments. Thus, for example, for Anne Godlewska, Malte-Brun would have had «everything wrong», notably «[excluding] the geography of the field of natural sciences and [delaying] its reform as a social science». Similarly, he would have rejected any recourse to hypothesis but also to direct observation. Finally, perhaps worst of all, the important weight played by man on the French geography of the first two thirds of the 19th century - through his direct involvement or through his disciples (Bory de Saint-Vincent, Lavallée, Vivien de Saint-Martin, his own son Victor, among others) - would directly result in the «suffering» state of the French geographical discipline, particularly in relation to German geographical science. Our objective, in the context of this small research, is not however to achieve an exhaustive antithesis of our colleague’s argument but, more modestly, to show how the writings of Conrad Malte-Brun constitute a contribution at the beginning of the 19th century, certainly modest but nevertheless innovative, for the knowledge of SpainEl geógrafo francés de origen danés, Conrad Malte-Brun, a la vista de su voluminosa obra escrita, sigue siendo un autor aún muy poco estudiado, ciertamente por nuestros colegas españoles pero también por los franceses, rechazado en el olvido de la historia de la geografía francesa por algunos juicios lapidarios. Así, por ejemplo, para Anne Godlewska, Malte-Brun habría tenido «todo mal», en particular «[excluyendo] la geografía del campo de las ciencias naturales y [retrasando] su reforma como ciencia social". Del mismo modo, habría rechazado todo recurso a la hipótesis pero también a la observación directa. Por último, lo peor de todo es el peso importante que jugó el hombre sobre la geografía francesa de los dos primeros tercios del siglo XIX - por su implicación directa o a través de sus discípulos (Bory de Saint-Vincent, Lavallée, Vivien de Saint-Martin, su propio hijo Victor, entre otros) - derivaría directamente el estado «dolorido» de la disciplina geográfica francesa, en particular con relación a la ciencia geográfica alemana. Nuestro objetivo, en el marco de esta pequeña investigación, no pretende sin embargo realizar una antítesis exhaustiva del argumento de nuestro colega sino, más modestamente, mostrar en qué los escritos de Conrad Malte-Brun constituyen en este comienzo del siglo XIX una aportación, ciertamente modesto pero sin embargo innovador, para el conocimiento de España.Le géographe français d'origine danoise, Conrad Malte-Brun, au regard de son œuvre écrite volumineuse, demeure un auteur encore bien peu étudié, certes par nos collègues espagnols mais aussi par les Français d’ailleurs, rejeté dans les oubliettes de l’histoire de la géographie française par quelques jugements lapidaires. Ainsi par exemple, pour Anne Godlewska, Malte-Brun aurait eu « tout faux », notamment « [excluant] la géographie du domaine des sciences naturelles et [en retardant] sa réforme en tant que science sociale". De même, il aurait rejeté tout recours à l’hypothèse mais aussi à l’observation directe. Enfin, pire que tout peut-être, du poids important joué par l’homme sur la géographie française des deux premiers tiers du XIXe siècle - par son implication directe ou par le biais de ses disciples (Bory de Saint-Vincent, Lavallée, Vivien de Saint-Martin, son propre fils Victor, entre autres) - découlerait directement l’état « souffreteux » de la discipline géographique française, en particulier par rapport à la science géographique allemande. Notre objectif, dans le cadre de cette petite recherche, ne vise toutefois pas à réaliser une antithèse exhaustive de l’argumentaire de notre collègue mais, plus modestement, à montrer en quoi les écrits de Conrad Malte-Brun constituent en ce début du XIXe siècle un apport, certes modeste mais néanmoins novateur, pour la connaissance de l’Espagne
IMPACT OF AMPUTATION LEVEL AND VAULTING ON LOADING PARAMETERS DURING LEVEL GROUND WALKING
No full textBACKGROUND: Previous studies show that during level walking, the load on the contralateral side increases with more proximal amputation levels. Furthermore, a typical compensation mechanism, vaulting on the contralateral side, may also influence the load. However, no study has compared the load applied to the contralateral side across more than two different amputation levels. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to analyze the biomechanical impact of different lower limb amputation levels and vaulting on the load applied to the locomotor system. METHODOLOGY: Gait data from 82 individuals with different amputation levels (44 transtibial (TT), 30 transfemoral (TF), and 8 hip disarticulation (HD)) were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Peak knee adduction, flexion and extension moments, vertical ground reaction force peaks, and force rates were statistically analyzed between different amputation levels and between two groups “TF with vaulting” and “TF without vaulting”. FINDINGS: As the level of amputation increases, walking speed decreases and asymmetry of stance duration increases. TF individuals with vaulting tend to walk faster than those without vaulting. The first peak of vertical ground reaction forces, the peak knee adduction and extension moments increase, and the peak knee flexion moments decrease with higher amputation level. The higher the amputation level, the curve of the vertical ground reaction force becomes significantly steeper during the first 5% of the gait cycle (GC). The first peak of ground reaction forces, the knee flexion, extension and adduction moments tend to be higher in TF individuals with vaulting. CONCLUSION: In summary, a higher lower limb amputation level can increase loading on the contralateral limb and contribute to a higher incidence of vaulting during gait. The effect of vaulting as a compensation pattern leads to an additional increase in contralateral limb loading. Layman's Abstract Gait characteristics in people using lower limb prostheses deviate from normal gait patterns in individuals without amputation. Furthermore, some people with amputation rise onto the toes of their intact side (a movement known as vaulting) as a compensatory mechanism during walking, which helps them clear the ground on the prosthetic side. In people with lower limb amputation, the load applied to the intact side during level walking is higher compared to able-bodied individuals, and it increases as the level of amputation progresses from below the knee to hip disarticulation. No previous study has compared the load applied to the intact side across more than two different amputation levels. The aims of the present study were to analyze the influence of the amputation level and of vaulting on the load applied to the lower limb. Therefore, we analyzed previously collected gait data from 82 individuals with amputation (44 transtibial, 30 transfemoral, and 8 with hip disarticulation). As the level of amputation increases, walking speed decreases and individuals tend to spend more time on the intact side than the prosthetic side during each gait cycle. Individuals with transfemoral amputation who use vaulting as a compensatory movement tend to walk faster than those who do not use this strategy and experience higher forces on the intact limb. As the level of amputation increases, most of the forces applied to the body during level walking also increase. Furthermore, vaulting is more common in individuals with higher amputation levels. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/44416/33698 How To Cite: Pröbsting E, Schmalz T, Bellmann M. Impact of amputation level and vaulting on loading parameters during level ground walking. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2025; Volume 8, Issue 1, No. 2. Https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i1.44416 Corresponding Author: Eva Pröbsting, Dipl.-Ing (FH)Affiliation: Clinical Research and Services, Research Biomechanics, Ottobock SE & Co. KGaA, Göttingen, Germany.E-Mail: [email protected] ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-299
Modernizacja poprzez kolonizację i wynarodowienie. Uwagi o pracy Malte Rolfa pt. Rządy imperialne w Kraju Nadwiślańskim. Królestwo Polskie i cesarstwo rosyjskie, przekł. Wojciech Włoskowicz, Warszawa 2016, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, ss. 505
No full textThe article describes and analyses the Polish language edition of the book Rządy imperialne w Kraju Nadwiślańskim. Królestwo Polskie i cesarstwo rosyjskie by the German historian Malte Rolf. The article confronts the factual layer of the book with the state of research and comments on the presented interpretations. The author draws attention to the cursory treatment of the presence of civil servants, soldiers and Russian priests in the Kingdom and the similarly perfunctory presentation of the educational policy, as well as the complete omission of the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church and its consequences.W artykule opisano i zanalizowano polskojęzyczne wydanie pracy niemieckiego historyka Malte Rolfa pt. Rządy imperialne w Kraju Nadwiślańskim. Królestwo Polskie i cesarstwo rosyjskie. Autor konfrontuje warstwę faktograficzną książki ze stanem badań i odnosi się do przedstawionych interpretacji. Zwraca uwagę na zdawkowe potraktowanie obecności urzędników, żołnierzy i duchownych rosyjskich w Królestwie oraz polityki oświatowej, a także na całkowite pominięcie likwidacji Kościoła greckokatolickiego i jej następstw
Role of oxygen vacancies for resistive switching in noble metal sandwiched Pr<sub>0.67</sub>Ca<sub>0.33</sub>MnO<sub>3-δ</sub>
No full textNon-volatile resistance change under electric stimulation in oxides is a promising path to next generation memory devices. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. We report here on the study of switching in Pr0.67Ca0.33MnO3-delta (PCMO) films sandwiched by noble metal Pt electrodes, where electrode oxidation can be excluded. In order to develop an understanding of the switching induced oxygen migration, its initial concentration is modified by post-annealing of the deposited PCMO films. The oxygen distribution is obtained by manganese valence determination using spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy mode. We observe correlations between virgin state resistance, resistive switching properties, oxygen vacancy distribution, and stress/strain state of the PCMO films and propose a simplified interface resistance model based on the measured valence distribution. It assumes a linear correlation of oxygen vacancy concentration with conductivity and a metal to insulator transition above a critical vacancy concentration threshold. Our results suggest that resistance changes can take place at both interfaces of symmetric devices and only requires small changes in oxygen vacancy concentration. (C) 2017 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).DFG [Jo 348/10-01
« La vision de l’Espagne de la première moitié du XIXe siècle dans la Géographie universelle de Conrad Malte-Brun »
No full textInternational audienceA great figure of French geography but also European in the first quarter of the 19th century, Conrad Malte-Brun left behind a considerable scientific written work, including a vast Universal Geography that then marked his era, republished on multiple occasions for more than 50 years. Now, nowadays, his writings remain poorly known, if not underestimated. Also, through the common thread that represents the chapter of his Universal Geography devoted to Spain, we propose to show that the author was able to go beyond the simple descriptive dimension characterizing many geographical texts of his time to introduce a real explanatory dimension, notably with an analysis of political nature of the political situation then experienced by this country, marked in particular by the absolutism of Ferdinand VII. And just for that, it largely deserves, in our opinion, to be rediscovered...Gran figura de la geografía francesa pero también europea del primer cuarto del siglo XIX, Conrad Malte-Brun deja una obra científica escrita considerable, entre las cuales una vasta Géographie universelle que marcó entonces su época, reeditada en múltiples ocasiones durante más de 50 años. Sin embargo, hoy en día sus escritos siguen siendo poco conocidos o incluso subestimados. Así, a través del hilo conductor que representa el capítulo de su Geografía universal dedicado a España, nos proponemos demostrar que el autor ha sabido ir más allá de la simple dimensión descriptiva que caracteriza a numerosos textos geográficos de su época para introducir una verdadera dimensión explicativa, con un análisis de naturaleza política de la situación política que conoce entonces este país, marcado especialmente por el absolutismo de Fernando VII. Y solo por eso, merece ampliamente, en nuestra opinión, ser redescubierto...Grande figure de la géographie française mais aussi européenne du premier quart du XIXe siècle, Conrad Malte-Brun laisse une œuvre scientifique écrite considérable, dont une vaste Géographie universelle qui marqua alors son époque, rééditée à de multiples reprises durant plus de 50 ans. Or, de nos jours, ses écrits demeurent mal connus, sinon mésestimés. Aussi, à travers le fil conducteur que représente le chapitre de sa Géographie universelle consacré à l’Espagne, nous nous proposons de montrer que l'auteur a su dépasser la simple dimension descriptive caractérisant nombre de textes géographiques de son époque pour introduire une réelle dimension explicative, avec notamment une analyse de nature politique de la situation politique que connaît alors ce pays, marqué notamment par l'absolutisme de Ferdinand VII. Et rien que pour ce, il mérite très largement, à notre sens, d’être redécouvert
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