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From latent to emergent entrepreneurship: the knowledge spillover construction circle
Full text linkThe process that turns knowledge into innovation is highly ambiguous and complex. This study merges economic and management perspectives to extend the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship in explaining how the knowledge spillover construction circle works. At this aim it introduces the model of ‘latent and emergent entrepreneurship’ evidencing the strategic role of the entrepreneur in each step of the process that goes from the research of new knowledge to its commercialization
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Knowledge spillovers or R&D collaboration? Understanding the role of external knowledge for firm innovation
Full text linkExtant research has established that firms engage in R&D collaboration and access knowledge spillovers to enhance their innovativeness. We aim to take this conversation in a new direction by seeking to answer the question, ‘How does engagement in R&D collaboration with suppliers, customers, and competitors, both domestically and internationally, as well as access to knowledge spillovers from universities and other open sources, influence a firm's innovation?’ This is the primary goal of our study. The study develops a knowledge‐based view on knowledge collaboration and spillovers, explaining how a firm's decision to collaborate, as opposed to accessing knowledge spillovers, shapes its innovation outputs and propensity to innovate. The theoretical utility of this framework lies in elucidating how the distinct types of knowledge (basic or applied) transferred to a firm when accessing external knowledge create different mechanisms that influence innovation output. By analyzing data on knowledge spillovers and R&D collaboration from the innovation survey of firms in the United Kingdom over the period 2002–2014, we demonstrate that in most instances of knowledge combinations, the cost effect of knowledge sourcing exceeds the complementary effect of knowledge, leading to a firm's choice between R&D collaboration and spillovers. The study contributes to the innovation and R&D management literatures by explaining why this pattern emerges and demonstrating that these relationships are contingent upon the degree of collaboration and the level of knowledge spillovers
Entrepreneurial ecosystems, regional clusters, and industrial districts: Historical transformations or rhetorical devices?
No full textFollowing the call for an assessment of recent developments and an understanding of the state-of-the-art of entrepreneurial ecosystems, this paper investigates the historical evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems, regional clusters, and industrial districts to untangle their necessary and specific dimensions and policy implications. It aims at reducing the gap between the increasing academic and policy interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems and the theoretical grounds upon which research and policies are based. To this end, it traces back the phenomena of ecosystems, clusters, and industrial districts to their origin, using critical realism ontology and historical organization studies as research methods. This paper contributes a historical and theoretical framework that provides academic rigor for understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems and policy rationales for evaluating economic development policies.Fil: Rocha, Hector. Universidad Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Audretsch, David B.. Indiana University; Estados Unido
Religion, social class and entrepreneurial choice
No full textWhile considerable concern has emerged about the links between religion and economic growth, little is actually known about how religion and social class impact the decision making of individuals. Using institutional theory and social dominance theory, this paper examines the influence of religion and social class on individuals' occupational choices. Based on a large-scale database from India, this paper finds that while some religions are relatively conducive to self-employment, some others have a negative impact on self-employment choices. Furthermore, individuals belonging to social classes that are lower in the social hierarchy are less likely to be self-employed. The role of both religion and social class in influencing the likelihood of choosing self-employment suggests an important link between religion, social class, and occupational decision-makin
The weaker sex? A tale of means and tails
No full textOne of the most commonly held beliefs prevalent in entrepreneurship research is that women-led ventures tend to generate lower earnings than men-led ventures. We contend that this thinking emanates from empirical analyses that obscure the variation in entrepreneurial performance across the earnings distribution. Relying solely on the mean as a measure of central tendency conceals the heterogeneity among so-called underperformers. Using density plots from a nationally representative database, we demonstrate that women-led ventures perform better at some quantiles of the earnings distribution, contrary to the common myth that men-led ventures consistently outperform them. Our study debunks this myth and contributes to entrepreneurship research that adopts a gendered perspective by showing that the reality experienced by women entrepreneurs is not as dismal as it appears when compared to focusing exclusively on the mean. Our study has implications for policymakers, who need to adjust their policy approach by designing targeted policies explicitly incorporating the heterogeneity inherent in entrepreneurship.</p
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Collaboration strategies and SME innovation performance
Full text linkThere is a growing recognition that collaboration is a key source of new knowledge and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Bridging the gap in the open innovation in SMEs literature on returns to open innovation our study demonstrates that a type of partner and its geographical proximity predict innovation performance in SMEs. Controlling for selection bias and endogeneity and using the panel data on 9,213 SMEs in the United Kingdom (UK) during 2002–2014, we found that collaboration with suppliers and customers domestically and internationally, collaboration with universities domestically and competitors internationally facilitate innovation in SMEs. The results offer implications for policymakers, scholars, entrepreneurs and SME managers
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