39 research outputs found
De baviaan als model voor medisch begeleide bevruchting
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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} In vitro fertilisatie (IVF) bij de mens is, sinds 1978, een wereldwijd gebruikte behandeling v oor koppels met een fertiliteitsprobleem. Deze behandeling resulteerde in me er dan 1 miljoen babys wereldwijd. Verdere optimalisatie van IVF behandeling o p het gebied van embryo cultuursystemen is noodzakelijk om de lage implantatie kans te verhogen (lager dan 20%). Vele patiënten ondergaan een IVF behandeling m et gameten van suboptimale kwaliteit. Hiervoor zijn verschillende nieuwe technieken ontwikkeld, zoals ooplasma en nucleus transfer, om deze patië nten te behandelen. Deze nieuwe ontwikkelingen vragen een preklinische evaluatie in diermodellen vooraleer toepasbaar in een humane IVF behandeling. Verschi llende studies werden uitgevoerd bij knaagdieren en runderen. Het extrapoleren van deze resultaten naar een humaan model is een discussiepunt aangezien de fylogenetica van deze diermodellen verschillen van het humane model. Daarenboven zijn er verschillen in de embryonale genoomactivatie en het metabolisme. Niet-humane primaten, zoals bavianen, zijn nauw verwant aan de mens en daarom noodzakelijk voor preklinische onderzoek in geassisteerde voortplanting. Het doel van onze studie is het karakteriseren van de baviaan (niet bedreigde diersoort) als een mod el voor IVF studies bij de mens. Hierbij ligt de focus op ovariële stimulatie (O S) en sperma verwerkingsprocedures. Aan de hand van gerandomiseerde studies me t verschillende OS protocols, selecteerden we twee succesvolle protocols v oor OS (lang en depot protocol) die resulteerden in 7 tot 10 metafase II eicell en per cyclus. We toonden ook aan dat de menstuele cyclus van een baviaan gesynchroniseerd kon worden door het gebruik van een lage dosis orale contraceptie, wat een belangrijke stap is voor de planning van IVF cycli bij bavianen. Voor het eerst toonden we het belang aan van het gebruik van serum albumine voor de capacitatie van bavianensperma. Dankzij het toevoegen van serum albumine nam de spermabeweeglijkheid en de bindingscapaciteit van zaadcellen aan de zona pellucida toe. In vergelijking met het humaan serum albumine (HSA) en he t bovine serum albumine (BSA) verhoogt het gebruik van baviaan serum (BS) verder de beweeglijkheid van de zaadcellen en hun bindingscapaciteit aan de zon a pellucida. Gelijkaardige resultaten werden gevonden wanneer chemische activators (dbcAMP en cafeïne) werden gebruikt. We postuleren dat het ge bruik van BS en deze chemische activators de baviaan IVF behandeling zal verbe teren aangezien de beweeglijkheid van de zaadcellen en bindingscapaciteit aan de zona pellucida positief gecorreleerd zijn met de IVF resultaten. Daarnaast was intra-cytoplasmatische sperma injectie (ICSI) mogelijk bij bavianen en resulteerde in een verhoogde fertilisatie. Algemeen schommelde het fertilisatiepercentage in beide groepen tussen 23%-71%. De embryos werd en succesvol in cultuur gehouden tot dag 3 met 80-100% overleving en de aanwezigheid van 12-57% 4 tot 8 cel embryos. Spermastudies bij bavianen tonen aan dat het collecteren van zaadcellen via electroejaculatie (EE), met een interval van drie maanden, geen invloed had op de spermakwaliteit (beweeglijkheid, concentratie, morfologie, pH en volume). Deze resultate n tonen aan dat repetitief gebruik van spermastalen van dezelfde mannelijke bavianen mogelijk is, ook binnen een IVF setting. Een gedetailleerd onderzoek maa kte mogelijk om het baboonmodel te gebruiken om het effect na te gaan van ee n hoge dosis khat (naar aanleiding van de mogelijke associatie tussen subfertil iteit en het gebruik van khat) op de spermaparameters en mannelijke hormonen. We toonden aan dat de toediening van khat een significante daling in de spermakwaliteit veroorzaakt (sperma DNA integriteit, motiliteit en aanta l zaadcellen) en een daling in testosterone spiegels. Tenslotte werd in een piloot studie nagegaan wat de rol is van het baviaanmodel voor het invriezen va n ovarieel weefsel via vitrificatie in de preventie van infertiliteit bij kankerpatiënten. Onze resultaten tonen dat het ovarieel weefsel follikel s in verschillende ontwikkelingstadia bevat die verschillend reageren op het invriesproces, gelijkaardig aan observaties bij de mens. Dit toont aan d at het baviaanmodel nuttig kan zijn in verdere studies rond vitrificatie van ov arieel weefsel. Op basis van onze resultaten kunnen we stellen dat het baviaanmodel een veelbelovend model is voor ve rdere studies voor geassisteerde fertilisatietechnieken hoewel verdere validat ie van het model noodzakelijk is.status: Publishe
BMC Public Health
No full textIntroductionA leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, norovirus can be transmitted by infected food handlers but norovirus outbreaks are not routinely investigated in Kenya. We estimated norovirus prevalence and associated factors among food handlers in an informal urban settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among food handlers using pretested questionnaires and collected stool specimens from food handlers which were analyzed for norovirus by conventional PCR. We observed practices that allow norovirus transmission and surveyed respondents on knowledge, attitudes, and practices in food safety. We calculated odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors associated with norovirus infection. Variables with p\u2009<\u20090.05 were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted OR and 95% CI.ResultsOf samples from 283 respondents, 43 (15.2%) tested positive for norovirus. Factors associated with norovirus detection were: reporting diarrhea and vomiting within the previous month (AOR\u2009=\u20095.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.2\u201327.4), not knowing aerosols from infected persons can contaminate food (AOR\u2009=\u20096.5, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.1\u201337.5), not knowing that a dirty chopping board can contaminate food (AOR\u2009=\u200926.1, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.6\u2013416.7), observing respondents touching food bare-handed (AOR\u2009=\u20093.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5\u201311.1),\ua0and working in premises without hand washing services (AOR\u2009=\u200920, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.4\u2013100.0).ConclusionThe norovirus infection was prevalent amongst food handlers and factors associated with infection were based on knowledge and practices of food hygiene. We recommend increased hygiene training and introduce more routine inclusion of norovirus testing in outbreaks in Kenya.NU2GGH001876-02-00/GH/CGH CDC HHS/United State
Solanum nigrum show anti-obesity effects on high-fat diet-fed Sprague Dawley rats in a randomized study
No full textSolanum nigrum also known as black night shade biosynthesizes various bioactive compounds which have various pharmacological activities including treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type 2 among others. To assess the anti-obesity effects of Solanum nigrum using high-fat-fed diet rats, Sprague Dawley male rats (n = 35) of weights 160–180 g were assigned randomly into seven groups comprising n = 5 rats each. Each group was fed for 11 weeks as follows: normal group (normal chow rat feed); high-fat diet control (HFD); HFD and standard drug (Orlistat 30 mg/kg bw); HFD and methanolic extract 150 mg/kgbw; HFD and methanolic extract 300 mg/kgbw; HFD and dichloromethane extract 150 mg/kgbw; HFD and dichloromethane extract 300 mg/kgbw. Body mass index and food intake were monitored per week and an oral glucose tolerance test was measured in weeks 5 and 10. Lipid profiles, liver function tests, adipose tissue, liver weights, and phytochemical analysis of Solanum nigrum were later carried out. Results: High-fat diet control group rats exhibited a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) while rats administered with leaf extracts of Solanum nigrum showed a reduction in BMI. Both low dose of dichloromethane (150 mg/kgbw) and high dose of methanol extracts (300 mg/kgbw) showed a better reduction in BMI than the other treatment groups. A significant decrease (p 0.05). Qualitative analysis of Solanum nigrum leave extracts indicated the presence of various bioactive compounds associated with anti-obesity. Conclusion: These results validate the use of Solanum nigrum in controlling obesity
Experimental phage therapy against haematogenous multi-drug resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> pneumonia in mice
No full textBackground: Community-acquired haematogenous Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a rare infection, though it can be acquired nosocomially. Currently, antibiotics used against S. aureus pneumonia have shown reduced efficacy. Thus, there is need for an alternative therapy against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) strains in the community.
Objective: We sought to determine the efficacy of environmentally-obtained S. aureus lytic phage against haematogenous MDRSA pneumonia in mice.
Methods: Phages and MDRSA were isolated from sewage samples collected within Nairobi County, Kenya. Isolated S. aureus bacteria were screened for resistance against ceftazidime, oxacillin, vancomycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, erythromycin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime. Thirty BALB/c mice aged six to eight weeks were randomly assigned into three groups: the MDRSA-infection group (n = 20), the phage-infection group (n = 5) and the non-infection group (n = 5). Mice were infected with either MDRSA or phage (108 CFU/mL) and treated after 72 hours with a single dose of clindamycin (8 mg/kg/bwt) or 108 PFU/mL of phage or a combination therapy (clindamycin and phage). The efficacy of phage, clindamycin or clindamycin with phage combination was determined using resolution of lung pathology and bacterial load in lung homogenates.
Results: The viable MDRSA count was 0.5 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the phage-treated group, 4.4 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the clindamycin-treated group and 4.0 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the combination-treated group. The efficacy of phage therapy was significantly different from other therapeutic modes (p = 0 < 0.0001). Histology showed that the mice treated with phage did not develop pneumonia.
Conclusion: Phage therapy is effective against haematogenous MDRSA infection. Thus, it can be explored as an alternative treatment method
Successful Experimental Infant Baboon Model for Childhood Cryptosporidiosis Studies
No full textJournal ArticleBackground: Cryptosporidiosis causes high morbidity and mortality in children under 2 years of age globally. Thelack of an appropriate animal model that mimics the pathogenesis of disease in humans has hampered the development and testing of potential therapeutic options. This study aimed to develop and validate an infant baboon infection model of cryptosporidiosis.Methods: Eighteen immunocompetent weaned infant baboons aged 12 to 16 months were used. The animals weren=3 controls and three experimental groups of n=5 animals each inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum oocystsas follows: group 1: 2× 104, group 2: 2× 105, group 3: 2× 106 followed by daily fecal sampling for oocyst evaluation.Blood sampling for immunological assay was done on the day of infection and weekly thereafter until the end of theexperiment, followed by necropsy and histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed using R, SPSS, and GraphPadPrism software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for comparison of the means,with p<0.05 considered as a significant difference. Correlation coefficient and probit analysis were also performed.Results: In all experimental animals but not controls, the onset of oocyst shedding occurred between days 2 and 4, with the highest oocyst shedding occurring between days 6 and 28. Histological analysis revealed parasite establishment only in infected animals. Levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10) increased significantly in experimentalgroups compared to controls.Conclusion: For developing a reproducible infant baboon model, 2× 104oocysts were an effective minimum quantifiable experimental infection dose
Herbal medicine in the treatment of poverty associated parasitic diseases: A case of sub-Saharan Africa
No full textNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for assisted reproductive technology
No full textSubfertility is a major problem among all populations (Okonofoua 2003) and affects one in seven couples. In 50% of couples no cause can be identified and is therefore unexplained (Templeton 1995). Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a process that is used to treat subfertility. An ART cycle involves ovulation stimulation, oocyte retrieval, fertilisation and embryo transfer (Speroff 2005). With the exception of fertilisation, each of these steps may lead to pain, with a localized inflammatory response (LIR) and sometimes, uterine contractions.These factors may be a contributing factor for implantation failure (Al-Ghamdi 2008, Speroff 2005).
The anti-prostaglandin effects of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce or eliminate the LIR and uterine contractility (Hawkey 2003).
The review authors wish to systematically review the reliable evidence regarding the benefits and or indeed harms of the use of NSAIDs in all women undergoing IVF in terms of fertility and analgesic outcomes
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for assisted reproductive technology
No full textThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:
To establish whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs improve live birth outcomes in subfertile women undergoing any form of
assisted reproductive therapy
Living with Endometriosis: A Narrative Analysis of the Experiences of Kenyan Women
No full textDespite the high global prevalence of endometriosis, little is known about the experiences of women living with the disease in low- and middle-income contexts, including in Kenya and other countries across sub-Saharan Africa. This study captures the perspectives and recommendations of Kenyan women living with endometriosis through written narratives about the impact of the disease on their daily lives and their journeys through diagnosis and treatment. Thirty-seven women between the ages of 22 and 48 were recruited from an endometriosis support group in Nairobi and Kiambu, Kenya (February–March of 2022) in partnership with the Endo Sisters East Africa Foundation. Narrative data (written anonymous stories submitted through Qualtrics) were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis methodology. Their stories revealed three themes related to their shared experiences with endometriosis: (1) stigma and disruption to quality of life, (2) barriers to acceptable healthcare, and (3) reliance on self-efficacy and social support to cope with the disease. These findings demonstrate a clear need for improved social awareness of endometriosis in Kenya and the establishment of clear, effective, and supportive pathways, with trained, geographically and financially accessible health care providers, for endometriosis diagnosis and treatment
Randomized comparison of different ovarian stimulation regimens for assisted reproductive technology in baboons (Papio anubis)
No full text
