9 research outputs found
G.W.P. Atkinson letter to Elisha P. Ferry regarding a recent visit and railroad business, June 15, 1888
No full textG.W.P. Atkinson writes to Washington Territory Governor Elisha P. Ferry to thank him for his hospitality during Atkinson's recent trip West. Now back in Chicago, Atkinson is preparing for the Republican National Convention, which will take place later that month. Atkinson shares some knowledge from his experience in the railroad supply business.Republican Elisha P. Ferry (1825-1895) was the first governor of Washington State. In 1872, President Ulysses Grant appointed him governor of Washington Territory for eight years (1872-1880). When Washington became a state, Ferry ran for governor and was elected
Optimization and sensitivity analysis of computer simulation models by the score function method
No full textExperimental Design;Simulation;Optimization;Queueing Theory
General Considerations for Improving Photovoltage in Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Photoanodes
No full textMetal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photoelectrodes offer a simple alternative to the traditional semiconductor-liquid junction and the conventional p-n junction electrode. Highly efficient MIS photoanodes require interfacial surface passivating oxides and high workfunction metals to produce a high photovoltage. Herein, we investigate and analyze the effect of interfacial oxides and metal workfunctions on the barrier height and the photovoltage of a c-Si photoanode. We use two metal components in a bimetal contact configuration and observe the modulation of the effective barrier height and the resulting photovoltage as a function of the secondary outer metal. The photovoltage shows a strong linear dependence by increasing the inner metal workfunction, with the highest photovoltage achieved by a MIS photoanode using a platinum inner metal. We also found that coupling a thin aluminium oxide with an interfacial silicon oxide and controlling the oxide thickness can significantly improve the photovoltage of an MIS junction photoanode.ChemE/Materials for Energy Conversion and Storag
Interfacial engineering of metal-insulator-semiconductor junctions for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation
No full textSolar-assisted water splitting can potentially provide an efficient route for large-scale renewable energy conversion and storage. It is essential for such a system to provide a sufficiently high photocurrent and photovoltage to drive the water oxidation reaction. Here we demonstrate a photoanode that is capable of achieving a high photovoltage by engineering the interfacial energetics of metal-insulator-semiconductor junctions. We evaluate the importance of using two metals to decouple the functionalities for a Schottky contact and a highly efficient catalyst. We also illustrate the improvement of the photovoltage upon incidental oxidation of the metallic surface layer in KOH solution. Additionally, we analyse the role of the thin insulating layer to the pinning and depinning of Fermi level that is responsible to the resulting photovoltage. Finally, we report the advantage of using dual metal overlayers as a simple protection route for highly efficient metal-insulator-semiconductor photoanodes by showing over 200 h of operational stability.ChemE/Materials for Energy Conversion and Storag
Financial intermediations, bank failure and official assistance
No full textBanking;Information;Financial Institutions
