29,641 research outputs found
Breastfeeding practices among mothers of children aged 1–24 months in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria
No full textObjective: The aim was to determine the breastfeeding practices of mothers of children two years and below in Egor Local Government Area (LGA) of Edo State.
Design: This is a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Subjects were recruited consecutively by multi-staged sampling technique. A semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents.
Setting: Subjects were from the Edaiken community in Egor LGA State, Nigeria.
Subjects: Mother and child pairs were recruited.
Outcome measures: The early initiation of breastfeeding rate, prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and the duration of breastfeeding were calculated from the information obtained from the mothers. Factors associated with the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were also determined.
Results: A total of 186 mothers (44.5%) of the 418 recruited initiated breastfeeding (early) within one hour of delivery. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 36.6%. Maternal education was significantly associated with the practice of EBF while maternal age and delivery facility were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. The median duration of breastfeeding was 15.1 ± 2.3 months.
Conclusion: Less than half of the mothers of children aged 1–24 months in Egor LGA practised early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Nutritional education at the community level should be embarked upon by the Local Health Authority of Egor LGA to improve these practices
Prevalence of BCG scar among BCG-vaccinated children in a southern Nigeria tertiary hospital
No full textBackground: The burden of tuberculosis is high in Nigeria as in other developing countries. The administration of BCG vaccine to neonates is essential in the control of tuberculosis. A scar usually develops 6 – 8 weeks later at the site of vaccination, which can be used clinically as a proof ofvaccination. Not all vaccinated infants however, develop a BCG scar.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of scar formation postvaccinationand to unravel, if present, any factors responsible for scar failure.Methods: Two hundred and fourteen children were consecutively recruited from those who presented for immunization in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin. The bio-data and other relevant information were obtained using a proforma. The anthropometric measurements of the children were obtained and the children were examined for presence of a BCG scar.Results: Two hundred and six subjects (96.3%) had a postvaccination BCG scar. About 72% of the subjects were vaccinated within the first week of life. The age at vaccination was significantly affected by gestational maturation (P=0.003) and birth weight (P=0.0001). Gestational maturation is a strong predictor of BCG scar formation postvaccination (P = 0.007)Conclusion: There is high prevalence of BCG scar formation in this study and gestational maturation is a strong predictor of BCG scar formation
Breastfeeding practices among mothers of children aged 1–24 months in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria
No full textObjective: The aim was to determine the breastfeeding practices of mothers of children two years and below in Egor Local Government Area (LGA) of Edo State. Design: This is a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Subjects were recruited consecutively by multi-staged sampling technique. A semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents. Setting: Subjects were from the Edaiken community in Egor LGA State, Nigeria. Subjects: Mother and child pairs were recruited. Outcome measures: The early initiation of breastfeeding rate, prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and the duration of breastfeeding were calculated from the information obtained from the mothers. Factors associated with the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were also determined. Results: A total of 186 mothers (44.5%) of the 418 recruited initiated breastfeeding (early) within one hour of delivery. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 36.6%. Maternal education was significantly associated with the practice of EBF while maternal age and delivery facility were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. The median duration of breastfeeding was 15.1 ± 2.3 months. Conclusion: Less than half of the mothers of children aged 1–24 months in Egor LGA practised early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Nutritional education at the community level should be embarked upon by the Local Health Authority of Egor LGA to improve these practices
Awareness, attitude and practice of vitamin A supplementation among mothers of under-five children in a sub-urban community in Nigeria
No full textObjective: Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in poor societies, especially in lower income countries like Nigeria. Africa and South East Asia bear the highest burden of pre-school age children and pregnant women with biochemical vitamin A deficiency and night blindness. The aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness, attitude and practices of vitamin A supplementation in mothers of under-five children in a sub-urban community in Nigeria.Methods: This was a community based descriptive cross sectional study carried out among mothers of under-five children in Oluku, a sub-urban community in Ovia North East Local government area of Edo State, Nigeria. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was the tool for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: One hundred and sixty mothers with a mean age of 30.9 ± 9.2 years were studied. Majority had either secondary 96 (60.0%) or tertiary 40 (25.0%) level of education. Most 143 (89.4%) were aware of vitamin A supplementation with health care workers being the major source of information. Most 129 (90.2%) knew that vitamin A supplementation isrecommended for children aged 1 – 5 years. Majority, 125 (78.1%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards vitamin A supplementation. The under-five children of majority (84.4%) of the respondents’ children had received vitamin A supplementation and the hospital (88.9%) was the predominant place of reception. A higher proportion, 57 (42.2%) of thechildren had received two doses of vitamin A supplementation. Only 42 (26.3%) mothers received vitamin supplementation postpartum.Conclusion: This study showed a high awareness of vitamin A supplementation among the mothers. The practice of vitamin A supplementation in the under-five children was high but maternal postpartum vitamin A supplementation was low. We recommend that more emphasis should be placed on maternal post partum vitamin A supplementation.Keywords: Vitamin A supplementation, postpartum mothers, under-five children, Nigeria
Serum vitamin A and other nutritional parameters in children with congenital heart disease
No full textObjective: To compare the weight for age, the serum albumin and vitamin A of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) with those of age and sex matched controls without CHD.Methods: Consecutive children diagnosed to have CHD by echocardiography who were afebrile two weeks prior were recruited. Subjects who had bronchopneumonia were noted. Their weights, haematocrit, serum albumin and vitamin A were measured. Variables were compared betweensubjects and controls. Vitamin A was measured by high performancechromatography.Results: Thirty eight subjects with mean age of 3.6 ± 4.3 years and 40 controls with mean age of 3.6 ± 4.8 years were recruited. Fifteen (39.5 %) subjects had bronchopneumonia while 14/38 (36.8 %) and 4/36(11.1 %) subjects and controls respectively were undernourished, p = 0.014. The mean serum vitamin A values in subjects 0.86 ± 0.13 mmol/l and controls 0.87 ± 0.16 mmol/l was not significantly different, P = 0.76. Serum albumin of subjects and controls were 3.5 ± 0.5 and 3.6 ± 0.43 respectively, p = 0.60 Conclusion: There was no significant difference in serum vitamin A and albumin in subjects and controls. However, significantly more children with CHD than controls were undernourished.Keywords: congenital heart disease; vitamin A; serum albumin
Relationship between vitamin A status and anaemia among school age children in Benin
No full textBackground: Anaemia and vitamin A deficiency are two major public health problems affecting many developing countries world-wide. Vitamin A deficiency, in addition to other health problems, can contribute to anaemia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the relationship between vitamin A status and anaemia among school agechildren in Benin City.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between June2005 and February 2006 on one hundred and fifty-two children within the age range of 6 and 12 years, randomly selected from primary schools in a Local Government Area of Edo State. Plasma vitamin A was assessedby Bessey’s Spectrophotometric method, while the Haemoglobin concentration was assessed using the photometric principle ofanalysis.Results: The mean plasma vitamin A level was 27.7± 12.4ìg/dl., with a range of 10 - 64ìg/dl. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol <20ìg/dl) was 29.6%. There was no subject with severe vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol <10ìg/dl. The mean haemoglobin concentrationwas 10.5 ± 1.1g/dl., with a range of 7.3 – 13.4g/dl. The prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration <11g/dl) was 58.6%. There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin A deficiency and anaemia, although the haemoglobin levels tended to increase with increased vitamin A status.Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence rates of vitamin A deficiencyand anaemia in this part of Nigeria. There was a trend of increasinghaemoglobin levels with higher vitamin A status which however, was not statistically correlated.Key Words: vitamin A deficiency, Anaemia, school age children
High Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in School Age Children in Benin City
No full textOne hundred and fifty two children aged 6 to 12 years were randomly selected from10 out of 33 public primary schools in a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria, to assess their plasma Vitamin A levels. Bessey’s spectrophotometric method of ultraviolet destruction of vitamin A was used for determination of their plasma vitamin A levels. Their mean plasma vitamin A level was 27.7±12.4μg/dl., with a range of 10-64μg/dl. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol <20μg/dl) was 29.6%. There was no subject with severe vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol < 10μg/dl). This study shows that there is still a high level of vitamin A deficiency, in this part of Nigeria, as has been reported from other parts of this country, that is of public health importance. Furthermore, the results emphasise that vitamin A deficiency is not restricted to <5s, but also to children of school age group. Programmes at reducing vitamin A deficiency in this country should therefore incorporate children in this age group.Keywords: Vitamin A deficiency, School aged children, Prevalenc
Paediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
No full textBackground: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a very useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Gastrointestinal endoscopy in paediatric practice is still evolving in Nigeria.
Objective: To determine the common indications for paediatric endoscopy in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Method: This was a retrospective study of all gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures performed for children aged 0 -18 years between January 2021 and March 2022. The hospital records of the children were retrieved, and data were extracted for analysis.
Results: Thirty-seven endoscopic procedures were performed on 32 children with two subjects having repeated procedures while one had both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic studies. The mean age of the children was 11 ± 5.4 years with those aged between 10 and 14 years constituting the majority (40.6%). Most indications were diagnostic and the commonest indication for endoscopy was upper abdominal pain (40.6%) which was followed by upper gastrointestinal bleeding (37.6%). The endoscopic findings were mainly gastritis (56.8%), hiatus hernia (32.4%) and duodenitis (18.9%). The commonest therapeutic indication for gastrointestinal endoscopy was variceal banding.
Conclusion: Paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Upper abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding are the leading indications for paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria
AlGaN/GaN HEMT micro-sensor technology for gas sensing applications
No full text Wide bandgap gallium nitride material has highly favorable electronic properties for next generation power and high frequency electronic devices. A less widely studied application is highly miniaturized chemical and gas sensors capable of operating in harsh environment conditions. In this work we present our recent developments on design, fabrication and testing of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based sensors for detection of various gases. First, the method of as-fabricated device baseline value stabilization is demonstrated. Secondly, the impact of sensor design is discussed with the emphasis on gate electrode geometry optimizations to enhance sensing performance. Then we present the sensing characteristics of Pt-HEMTs towards H 2 S and compare them to H 2 and NO 2 . Finally we demonstrate recent results of NO 2 detection with Ti/Au based HEMT sensors, which are superior to those using Pt based devices. Accepted author manuscriptElectronic Components, Technology and Material
Viagem ao céu, authored by Monteiro Lobato: Author Philologys Notes
No full textEsta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar as etapas de gênese e estabelecimento da obra Viagem ao céu, de Monteiro Lobato, com a finalidade de identificar, descrever e analisar as alterações atribuídas ao autor ao longo dos anos. O corpus é constituído por 10 testemunhos, publicados entre 1932 e 1948. Partindo dos princípios norteadores da Crítica Genética e da Filologia do Autor, realizam-se, portanto, a recensão de testemunhos e o exame das variantes textuais encontradas. Realiza-se, também, a descrição dos testemunhos de acordo com as determinações da Bibliografia Material. Ao examinar as lições variantes de cada testemunho do texto, foi possível identificar alguns padrões, relacionados à sua classificação e à sua frequência. Identificam-se casos de variação por adição, alteração de ordem, omissão e substituição, além de mudanças na paragrafação e reelaboração textualThe main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the settlement and genesis steps of the literary work named Viagem ao Céu, authored by Monteiro Lobato, to identify, to describe and to analyze the variations conducted on the text during years by the author. The corpus is composed of eight testimonials, published between 1932 and 1948. Considering the guiding fundaments of the Textual Bibliography and the Genetics, this dissertation shows the resumption from the testimonies and the examination of the variants found in the text. The description of the testimonies was also made according to Material Bibliography rules. During the variant lessons survey from each testimony of the text, it was possible to identify some patterns related to its classification and frequency. It was also possible to recognize variations cases by addition, change of order, omissions, and substitutions, besides paragraph and chapter changes and textual rewritin
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