37 research outputs found
Greek physical education students' calibration accuracy in sport and knowledge tasks – a comparison
No full textThis study comprised two experiments comparing students’ calibration accuracy in sport-related knowledge tests and a sport skill test in Greek physical education. In experiment 1, participants were 88 sixth grade students who completed a knowledge test regarding key elements of basketball shooting technique and performed a basketball shooting test. In experiment 2, 83 seventh and eighth grade students completed a sport rules knowledge test and performed a basketball shooting test. Students also provided their estimations for their performance in these tests. Calibration accuracy index was calculated based on students’ estimated and actual performance in each of these tests. Results of both experiments showed that students were more accurate in estimating their performance in the basketball shooting test than in the sport-related knowledge tests. These results are discussed with reference to theoretical and empirical evidence regarding calibration accuracy in knowledge and sport tasks. Practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are also provided. © 2019, Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. All rights reserved
Exploring University Students’ Justifications for Making Metacognitive Judgments of Learning
No full textThe accuracy of students’ judgments has important implications for their learning and performance in educational settings. However, little is known about how students make these judgments. This study explored university students’ justifications for making their judgments of learning in a developmental psychology course. Two independent samples were involved, including a total number of 115 senior sport students. Participants responded to a knowledge test and provided their judgments at the local (Sample 1) or at the global level (Sample 2) and then provided their justifications for making these judgments. Students’ justifications for making their judgments were classified in ten categories, including the study of the learning materials, the confidence for answering (or not) correctly, the memory, the general knowledge, the knowledge of the answer and a general reference to common sense, experience, lectures, and judgment. Variations in the frequency of these justifications were found across the local and the global level, low and high accurate students, and low and high performers. These results are discussed regarding their theoretical and practical implications for undergraduate students’ learning
Exploring Performance Calibration in Relation to Better or Worse Than Average Effect in Physical Education
No full textThe aim of this study was to explore students’ calibration of sport performance in relation to better or worse than average effect in physical education settings. Participants were 147 fifth and sixth grade students (71 boys, 76 girls) who were tested in a soccer passing accuracy test after they had provided estimations for their own and their peers’ performance in this test. Based on students’ actual and estimated performance, calibration indexes of accuracy and bias were calculated. Moreover, students were classified in better, worse, or equal than average groups based on estimated scores of their own and their peers’ average performance. Results showed that students overestimated their own performance while most of them believed that their own performance was worse than their peers’ average performance. No significant differences in calibration accuracy of soccer passing were found between better, worse, or equal than average groups of students. These results were discussed with reference to previous calibration research evidence and theoretical and practical implications for self-regulated learning and performance calibration in physical education
Development, implementation, and evaluation of self-regulated learning program in physical education
No full textThe aim of the dissertation was the examination of self-regulated learning inelementary physical education. A social cognitive perspective of self-regulatedlearning was adopted for the design of five studies which examined the effectivenessof various self-regulatory processes. Participants in the five studies were 380 fifth andsixth grade students (168 boys, 212 girls) from 10 elementary schools. Amicroanalytic methodology was adopted and students participated in the studiesindividually, in pairs, or in small groups. Generally, the results showed that fifth andsixth grade students effectively used self-regulatory processes to enhance the learningof motor and sport skills in physical education. In particular, in the first study,students who practiced dart-throwing with social feedback and then with processgoals and self-recording displayed the highest performance, supporting theeffectiveness of the social cognitive model of self-regulated learning. The results ofthe second study showed a positive effect of self-recording on students’ dart-throwingperformance, while no difference among the different goal conditions (process,performance, combined goals) was found. The results of the third study showed thatself-talk had a positive effect οn students’ dart-throwing performance during goaldirectedpractice, supporting the hypothesis of the self-talk incorporation into thecyclical model of self-regulated learning. The results of the fourth study showed thatself-talk had a positive effect on performance. Instructional and motivational self-talkwere equally effective in the chest pass task, whereas motivational self-talk was moreeffective compared to instructional self-talk in the modified push-ups task, providingpartial support for the task-demand-oriented matching hypothesis. The results of thefifth study showed that the use of the reciprocal and the self-check styles had apositive effect on students’ chest pass accuracy and technique. Students’ recordingaccuracy in the reciprocal and self-check styles was moderate with a tendency tooverestimation of performance. In conclusion, the use of self-regulatory processes can enhance students’ learning and performance of motor and sport skills in elementaryphysical education. The social cognitive perspective is an appropriate framework forstudying self-regulated learning in physical education. Based on this approach and theresults of the present studies an instructional approach for teaching motor and sportskills in physical education was proposed. This approach includes instructions,modeling, practice with social feedback and self-directed practice with goals and selfmonitoring.Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της αυτο-ρύθμισης της μάθησης αθλητικών καικινητικών δεξιοτήτων στη φυσική αγωγή στο δημοτικό. Ως θεωρητικό πλαίσιοχρησιμοποιήθηκε η κοινωνική γνωστική προσέγγιση αυτο-ρύθμισης της μάθησης, γιανα σχεδιαστούν πέντε έρευνες που εξέτασαν την αποτελεσματικότητα επιμέρουςδιαδικασιών αυτο-ρύθμισης. Συνολικά συμμετείχαν 380 μαθητές/τριες Ε΄ και Στ΄τάξης (168 αγόρια, 212 κορίτσια) 10 δημοτικών σχολείων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε κυρίωςη μικροαναλυτική μέθοδος και οι μαθητές/τριες συμμετείχαν στις έρευνες ατομικά,σε ζευγάρια ή σε μικρές ομάδες. Από τα αποτελέσματα των ερευνών φάνηκε ότι οιμαθητές/τριες δημοτικού ήταν σε θέση να χρησιμοποιήσουν αποτελεσματικάδιαδικασίες αυτο-ρύθμισης και να ενισχύσουν τη μάθηση αθλητικών και κινητικώνδεξιοτήτων στη φυσική αγωγή. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στην πρώτη έρευνα βρέθηκε ότι οιμαθητές/τριες που ασκήθηκαν στην αρχή με κοινωνική ανατροφοδότηση και στησυνέχεια με στόχους διαδικασίας και αυτο-καταγραφή είχαν την υψηλότερη επίδοσηστη ρίψη βέλους, υποστηρίζοντας την αποτελεσματικότητα του κοινωνικούγνωστικού μοντέλου των τεσσάρων επιπέδων ανάπτυξης της αυτο-ρύθμισης τηςμάθησης. Στη δεύτερη έρευνα βρέθηκε θετική επίδραση της αυτο-καταγραφής στηναπόδοση των μαθητών/τριών στη ρίψη βέλους, ενώ δεν βρέθηκαν διαφορές μεταξύτων μαθητών/τριών που έθεσαν διαφορετικού τύπου στόχους (στόχο διαδικασίας,απόδοσης, συνδυασμό στόχων διαδικασίας και απόδοσης). Στην τρίτη έρευναβρέθηκε ότι η χρήση της αυτο-ομιλίας στη διάρκεια στοχοκατευθυνόμενηςεξάσκησης είχε θετική επίδραση στην απόδοση των μαθητών/τριών στη ρίψη βέλους,υποστηρίζοντας την υπόθεση της εισαγωγής της αυτο-ομιλίας στη φάση απόδοσηςτου κυκλικού μοντέλου αυτο-ρύθμισης της μάθησης. Στην τέταρτη έρευνα βρέθηκεότι η αυτο-ομιλία είχε θετική επίδραση στην απόδοση. Η τεχνική και η παρακινητικήαυτο-ομιλία ήταν εξίσου αποτελεσματικές στην πάσα στήθους, ενώ η παρακινητικήαυτο-ομιλία ήταν πιο αποτελεσματική σε σύγκριση με την τεχνική στις τροποποιημένες κάμψεις, υποστηρίζοντας μερικά την υπόθεση ταιριάσματος τηςαυτο-ομιλίας με τις απαιτήσεις της δεξιότητας. Στην πέμπτη έρευνα βρέθηκε ότι τοαμοιβαίο στυλ και το στυλ αυτο-ελέγχου είχαν θετική επίδραση στην απόδοση τωνμαθητών/τριών στην ακρίβεια και στην τεχνική της πάσας στήθους. Η ακρίβειακαταγραφής της απόδοσης των συμμαθητών/τριών με το αμοιβαίο στυλ και της αυτο-καταγραφής με το στυλ αυτο-ελέγχου κυμάνθηκε σε μέτρια επίπεδα με τάσειςυπερεκτίμησης της απόδοσης. Συμπερασματικά, η χρήση διαδικασιών αυτο-ρύθμισηςμπορεί να ενισχύσει τη μάθηση αθλητικών και κινητικών δεξιοτήτων στη φυσικήαγωγή στο δημοτικό. Η κοινωνική γνωστική προσέγγιση αυτο-ρύθμισης της μάθησηςαποτελεί κατάλληλο θεωρητικό πλαίσιο για τη μελέτη της αυτο-ρύθμισης τηςμάθησης στη φυσική αγωγή. Με βάση την προσέγγιση αυτή και τα αποτελέσματατων ερευνών της διατριβής προτείνεται ότι η διδασκαλία αθλητικών και κινητικώνδεξιοτήτων στη φυσική αγωγή πρέπει να περιλαμβάνει διαδοχικά σύντομεςπροφορικές οδηγίες εκτέλεσης της δεξιότητας, την επίδειξή της, την άσκηση μεανατροφοδότηση και την αυτοκατευθυνόμενη άσκηση με στόχους και αυτο-παρακολούθηση
The relation of physical self-perceptions of competence, goal orientation, and optimism with students' performance calibration in physical education
No full textThe effects of cognitively challenging physical activity games versus health-related fitness activities on students’ executive functions and situational interest in physical education: a group-randomized controlled trial
No full textThis study compared cognitively challenging physical activity games and health-related
fitness activities in terms of their effects on students’ executive functions and situational interest in
physical education. A total of 102 fourth- and fifth-grade students (56 boys, 46 girls) participated
in this study. A group-randomized controlled trial design involving an acute experiment was used.
Two intact classes of students (one fourth-grade and one fifth-grade) were randomly assigned to each
one of the three groups. Students in Group 1 participated in cognitively challenging physical activity
games, students in Group 2 participated in activities for developing their health-related fitness, and
Group 3 students were the control group without physical education. Executive functions were
measured pre- and post-intervention with the design fluency test, whereas situational interest was
only measured post-intervention with the situational interest scale. Group 1 students who played
cognitively challenging physical activity games had increased their executive functions’ scores more
than the Group 2 students involved in health-related fitness activities. Students of both these groups
outperformed control group students. Moreover, Group 1 students reported higher levels of instant
enjoyment and total interest than Group 2 students. The results of this study suggest that cognitively
challenging physical activity games can be an effective means for enhancing executive functions, and
motivate students to be involved in interesting and enjoyable forms of physical activity
The Effects of Cognitively Challenging Physical Activity Games versus Health-Related Fitness Activities on Students’ Executive Functions and Situational Interest in Physical Education: A Group-Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textThis study compared cognitively challenging physical activity games and health-related fitness activities in terms of their effects on students’ executive functions and situational interest in physical education. A total of 102 fourth- and fifth-grade students (56 boys, 46 girls) participated in this study. A group-randomized controlled trial design involving an acute experiment was used. Two intact classes of students (one fourth-grade and one fifth-grade) were randomly assigned to each one of the three groups. Students in Group 1 participated in cognitively challenging physical activity games, students in Group 2 participated in activities for developing their health-related fitness, and Group 3 students were the control group without physical education. Executive functions were measured pre- and post-intervention with the design fluency test, whereas situational interest was only measured post-intervention with the situational interest scale. Group 1 students who played cognitively challenging physical activity games had increased their executive functions’ scores more than the Group 2 students involved in health-related fitness activities. Students of both these groups outperformed control group students. Moreover, Group 1 students reported higher levels of instant enjoyment and total interest than Group 2 students. The results of this study suggest that cognitively challenging physical activity games can be an effective means for enhancing executive functions, and motivate students to be involved in interesting and enjoyable forms of physical activity
The Effects of a Cognitively Challenging Physical Activity Intervention on School Children’s Executive Functions and Motivational Regulations
No full textThis study examined the effects of a physical education intervention consisting of cognitively challenging physical activity games on school children’s executive functions and motivational regulations. Ninety-nine fourth- and fifth-grade children participated in this two-group, repeated measures, quasi-experimental study with a cross-over design. Children’s executive functions (measured with the design fluency and Stroop and flanker tests) and motivational regulations were measured pre- and post-intervention and one month later. At post-test, the experimental group children outperformed the waiting-list control group children in all design fluency test conditions and accuracy in the Stroop and flanker tests. Both groups improved from pre- to post-intervention their speed (reaction time) in the Stroop and flanker tests. The waiting-list control group children, after receiving the intervention, improved their performance in the executive function tests except for Stroop test accuracy and flanker test speed. The positive effects were reduced significantly one month after the end of the intervention but remained significantly higher compared to pre-intervention. No intervention effects were found for the motivational regulations. These results showed that the intervention had positive effects on children’s executive functions and supported the new shift of designing physical activity programs for developing combinedly children’s physical and cognitive development
Elementary Students’ Perceptions of Cognitively Challenging Physical Activity Games in Physical Education
No full textThis study examined 10–11-year-old students’ perceptions regarding three different types of physical activity games based on different principles of mental engagement (contextual interference, mental control, or discovery). A total of 156 students (84 girls) from five fourth-grade (75 students) and five fifth-grade (81 students) classes of five elementary schools located in a middle-sized city in central Greece participated in the study. These students participated in a larger project consisting of a series of acute experiments aiming to examine the effectiveness of cognitively challenging physical activity games in elementary physical education. Students responded to open-ended questions regarding their perceptions of the physical activity games. Their responses were analyzed through a thematic analysis. A total number of 706 quotes were identified and categorized into the lower-order themes which were organized into four higher-order themes: (a) characteristics of the games, (b) effects of the games, (c) areas for improvement, and (d) preferences for specific games. Students’ views provided supporting evidence regarding the employment of cognitively challenging physical activity games in physical education. Useful insights regarding the characteristics of the games, their effects, and their areas for improvement were also gained
