10 research outputs found
Sub acute oral toxicity screening on jellyfish Lobonema smithi consumption in Sprague Dawley rats
No full textConsumption of jellyfish has been reported to be effective in treating several illnesses and has been a unique delicacy in most
of East Asia countries. However, toxicity effect of the jellyfish consumption has not been reported although it has been eaten
for generations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity effects on the consumption of white jellyfish Lobonema
smithi in rat model. Toxicity effects were evaluated according to Fixed Dose Procedure OECD guidelines 420 which include
determination of 50% of lethal dose (LD50), changes in body and relative organs weight, differential leucocytes count and
histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g) were used in the
study and were orally treated with different dosage of freeze dried L. smithi powder (100, 500, 2000 mg/kg of body weight
respectively) for 14 days. Half of the rats from each group (n=3) were euthanized on day 14 for sub-acute study to obtain
relative organs weight, haematology and histopathological analysis. Another half of the animals from each groups (n=3)
were kept for another 14 days without any treatment for delayed toxicity studies. There were, no lethality observed at all
dosage given and the LD50 value was evaluated to be more than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Furthermore, no significant
(p>0.05) changes were observed in animal body and relative organs weight, differential leucocytes counts, food consumption
and water intake in all treatment groups compared to untreated animal for both sub-acute and delayed toxicity study. Moreover,
histology analysis on liver and kidney from sub-acute and delayed toxicity studies have confirmed safe consumption of the
jellyfish. This study has clearly satiated the white type jellyfish consumption is safe and do not show adverse or delay
toxicity effect on biological aspects of the host
Wound healing ability of white type edible jellyfish Lobonema smithii in white rats
No full textWhite type edible jellyfish, Lobonema smithii were desalted, dried and extracted to formulate for oral consumption in white rats in wound healing study. Prior to that it was subjected to toxicity screening and tested for antioxidant activity. Methanolic and cold acetone protein precipitation extraction method was done to obtain methanol crude extract and crude protein extract
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polysaccharides and methanolic crude extracts of local edible red seaweed gracilaria sp
No full textSeaweed have been long time utilised in food industries in many applications. Seaweed including edible Gracilaria species (red seaweed) is rich with bioactive compounds and has been proven to possess pharmaceutical and medicinal values including to fight against bacterial infections and cells oxidation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential usage of two different types of local Gracilaria sp. extracts which are polysaccharides agar and methanolic crude extract as natural antioxidant and antibacterial against six bacteria test strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera and Enterobacter cloacae. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion method and antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assays. Results revealed that there are differential effects of both extracts as antioxidant and antibacterial. Methanolic crude extract of Gracilaria sp. was found to have moderate antibacterial activity with minimum inhibition concentration of 0.156 mg/ml and significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 5.6 mg/ml) compared to polysaccharide extracts. No antibacterial activity was found in all concentrations of polysaccharides extract. Present findings also suggested that Gracilaria sp. could be a potential natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial for nutraceutical and functional food. However, the extraction method used greatly determine the bioactivities of the seaweeds
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER(II) COMPLEX WITH TETRADENTATE N2O2 AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION AS PROMISING ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES
No full textA square planar Schiff base complex, Cu(H2L) namely N,N’-bis(4-methyl-α-salicylidene) propane-1,3-diaminecopper(II) through the condensation reaction of ligand with copper(II) acetate in the molar ratio of 1:1 in acetonitrile solvent was successfully synthesized. The obtained complex was characterized using elemental analysis of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electronic spectra of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. FTIR confirmed the coordinates the metal ion to form mononuclear complex via tetradentate (ONNO) atoms of the phenolic group and azomethine group, respectively. The antibacterial studies of H2L and its Cu(H2L) were determined by screening the compounds against selected various Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli. Indeed, preliminary results exhibited Cu(H2L) more active than the free ligand and displayed promising antibacterial activity, while no effect has been observed on strains for H2L
Eco-friendly photocatalysts for degradation of dyes
No full textIn the current era of globalization, synthetic dyes are one of the key factors of water pollution. Photocatalysis constitutes a promising technology for the treatment of wastewater, especially to those containing hard-to-remove organic compounds. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) play a vital role as a photocatalyst material. This research highlights the synthesized ZnONPs with roselle flower and oil palm leaf extract. The extracts and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) act as reducing agents during the synthesis process. Synthesis without the addition of plant extract is used as blank control for the experiment. Structural and optical studies of the three variants of ZnONPs were performed. High purity of ZnONPs with element Zn and O was obtained. The size of the three variants of ZnONPs was from 10–15 nm and found in agglomerated spherical shape. Large band gap, 3.2 eV was obtained by UV-Vis and high thermal stability was proven by TGA. Oxygen vacancies that assist in the degradation phenomenon were found in ZnONPs. Five percent of ZnONPs with the presence of 10 W UV light could effectively degrade 10 ppm MO in 5 h and MB in 3 h. Besides, high antioxidant properties and low toxicity demonstrated the ability of ZnONPs to be used as photocatalysts. In conclusion, ZnONPs can be further developed for pharmaceutical and industrial use
Antibacterial properties of selected mangrove plants against vibrio species and its cytotoxicity against artemia salina
No full textEmerging antibiotic resistance among the pathogenic microorganism has triggered the discovery of
various antimicrobial compounds from marine source. Secondary metabolites from plants especially mangroves
is traditionally being used widely as antimicrobials. Hence, present study was aimed to determine the
antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the selected mangrove plant leaves (Bruguiera cyclindrica, Sonneratia
caseolaris, Luminitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, Acrostichum aureum, Nypa
fruticans, Pandanus odoratissimus, Hibiscus tiliaceous and Derris trifoliate) against aquaculture pathogenic
strains of genus. Methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves samples were prepared. The antibacterial activity
was determined by using disc diffusion method against six pathogenic Gram-negative Vibrio species, such as
Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus (isolated from Scylla serrata, mangrove crab), V. alginolyticus
and V. parahaemolyticus (from Giant prawn), V. alginolyticus (from Tiger prawn) and also V. parahaemolyticus
(from Reference strain ATCC 17802). Methanolic extracts of S. caseolaris produced significant inhibition zone
against all the pathogenic Vibrio spp. except for V. parahaemolyticus (from Giant prawn). Minimum inhibitory
concentration test (MIC) and cytotoxicity (LC50) test using Artemia salina as a test animal in sterile ELISA
(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) microplates showed the significant antimicrobial properties of
methanolic extract of S. caesolaris. Overall, present study proved the active antimicrobial compounds in
methanolic extract of S. caesolaris which could be used against Vibrio pathogens in aquaculture
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of naphthofuranquinones from the twigs of tropical mangrove <i>Avicennia officinalis</i>
No full textMangrove plants are endowed with various biologically active compounds which have potent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In present study, a bioactivity-guided fractionation for antibacterial and antioxidant active metabolites from the twigs of Avicennia officinalis collected from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Selangor, Malaysia gave 13 major fractions. The antibacterial activity of A. officinalis fractions using well-diffusion showed strong selectivity on the Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.156-5.00 mg/mL. However, no antibacterial activities were observed on the Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli). The active antibacterial fractions were further isolated using several chromatographic techniques to give two naphthofuranquinones, namely, avicenol C (1) and stenocarpoquinone B (2). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of A. officinalis fractions were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay exhibited low antioxidant activities. Molecular structure of the naphthofuranquinones was elucidated using 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopy. </p
A quantification of the relationship between neuronal responses in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla and noxious stimulation-evoked withdrawal reflexes
No full textThe rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) regulates a range of involuntary behaviours but is most often associated with nociception via the action of pronociceptive ON cells and antinociceptive OFF cells. The phasic responses of ON and OFF cells determine whether or not incoming noxious signals provoke a withdrawal reflex, and previous studies have suggested that reflex RVM activity patterns actively shape motor output. Here we challenged the model by using juvenile rats, which are known to exhibit markedly different reflex responses compared with adults. By recording single-cell activity in the RVM and the electromyography responses of hindlimb flexor muscles to noxious thermal stimulation we found that the juvenile reflex had a shorter onset latency, was larger in amplitude and exhibited a decreased rise time compared with the adult reflex. The responses of ON and OFF cells faithfully tracked the shorter onset latency of the reflex by also responding earlier and, thus, still preceded the reflex. However, neither the reflex amplitude nor the ongoing response profile was predicted by the firing rate of RVM cells in either age group. Instead we found a close correspondence between RVM activity and the reflex only during the initiation of the response. Furthermore, the short rise time of the juvenile reflex was reflected in higher rates of change of both ON and OFF cell firing. Our data suggest that the RVM is associated only with the initiation of reflexes and does not shape ongoing muscle activity, which is more likely to be subserved by downstream spinal processes
Traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological properties, and health applications of Vitex sp
No full textThe genus Vitex is also known as a chaste tree, in which it is a large shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A diverse range of species is distributed throughout Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and Central Asia. The Vitex tree, including its leaves and fruits, has been used for herbal remedies in the form of pastes, decoctions, and dried fruits since ancient times. This article aimed to prepare a comprehensive review of traditional uses and secondary metabolites derived from Vitex sp., including the chemical compounds, biological activities, application of Vitex in human clinical trials, toxicology and safety, marketed products, and patents. The scientific findings were obtained using a number of search engines and databases, including Google Scholar, PMC, and ScienceDirect. Vitex species are well known in pharmacology to have medicinal values, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Previous studies reported that some species are proven to be effective in treating diseases, such as diabetes, and improving female health. A total of 161 compounds from different Vitex species are reported, covering the literature from 1982 to 2022. A chemical analysis report of various studies identified that Vitex exhibited a wide range of phytoconstituents, such as iridoid, diterpenoid, ecdysteroid, and flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Apart from that, the review will also discuss the application of Vitex in human clinical trials, toxicology and safety, marketed products, and patents of the genus. While the extracts of the genus have been made into many commercial products, including supplements and essential oils, most of them are made to be used by women to improve menstrual conditions and relieve premenstrual syndrome. Among the species, Vitex agnus-castus L. is the only one that has been reported to undergo clinical trials, mainly related to the use of the genus for the treatment of mastalgia, menstrual bleeding problems, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, luteal insufficiency, and premenstrual syndrome. Overall, the review addresses recent therapeutic breakthroughs and identifies research gaps that should be explored for prospective research work
34th Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists Annual Conference in collaboration with 2nd Malaysian Biomedical Science Association Symposium 2024
No full textThe Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists (MACB) and the Malaysian Biomedical Science Association (MyBiomed) successfully organized the 34th MACB Conference in conjunction with the 2nd MyBiomed Symposium 2024. Under the theme 'Towards Holistic Integration and Sustainability in Medical Laboratories, the event brought together experts from various disciplines to explore advancements and sustainability in laboratory medicine and biomedical science. The conference featured a comprehensive program including plenary lectures, industrial talks, oral and poster presentations, and trade exhibitions. It provided a platform for the exchange of scientific knowledge and insights into emerging technologies and practices. A diverse range of professionals participated, including local and international chemical pathologists, clinical biochemists, medical laboratory scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students. Key topics covered included natural product research, herbs and metabolic disease, molecular diagnostics, pharmacology and toxicology, endocrinology, reference intervals, value-based laboratory medicine, newborn screening, the role of digital technologies in medical labs, and strategies for developing green & sustainable medical laboratories. The discussions were aligned with the conference’s goal of fostering integration and sustainable practices in the medical laboratory sector, reflecting the latest trends and future directions of the field. The event achieved its aim of providing participants with valuable updates on scientific and technological innovations while fostering collaboration and dialogue among laboratory professionals at a global scale
