1,721,765 research outputs found
FDI Contribution to Capital Flows and Investment in Capacity
Full text linkThe paper surveys a theory of FDI, which captures a unique feature: hands-on management standards, that enable investors to react in real time to a changing economic environment. Equipped with superior managerial skills, foreign direct investors are able to outbid portfolio investors for the top productivity firms in a particular industry in which they have specialized in the source country. Consequently, FDI investors would make investment, both larger, and of higher quality (namely, with large rates of returns), than the domestic investors. The theory can explain both two-way FDI flows among developed countries, and one-way FDI flows from developed to developing countries. Gains to the host country from FDI stem from the informational value of FDI. The predictions of the theory are consistent with evidence from panel data: larger FDI coefficients in the domestic investment and output growth regressions relative to the portfolio equity flow and international loan coefficients, reflect a more significant role for FDI in the domestic investment process than other types of capital inflows.
Elhanan Helpman, Assaf Razin (ed.), International Trade and Trade Policy
No full textSid Ahmed Abdelkader. Elhanan Helpman, Assaf Razin (ed.), International Trade and Trade Policy. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 34, n°136, 1993. L'Europe et le Tiers Monde, sous la direction de Philippe Hugon. pp. 947-948
Do Debit Flows Crowd out Equity Flows or the other way Round?
Full text linkIn the presence of asymmetric information, the stage at which financing decisions are made about investment projects in a small open economy is crucial for the composition of international capital inflows as well as for the efficiency of channeling savings into investment. This paper compares the implications of two extreme cases regarding the information possessed by the firms at their financing stage for whether inflows of foreign debt may crowd out foreign equity or the other way round. The scope for corrective tax policies is examined. We also provide a welfare comparison between the two mechanisms of capital flows.debt and equity flows; asymmetric information; bankruptcy costs; market failures; corrective taxation
Understanding the "Problem of Economic Development": The Role of Factor Mobility and International Taxation
Full text linkThe problem of economic development, as Lucas (1988) states it, is the problem of accounting for the observed diversity in levels and rates of growth of per capita income across countries and across time. We study conditions under which capital mobility and labor mobility (two seemingly income-equalizing forces) may interact with cross-country differences in income tax rates and income tax principles (two seemingly income-diverging forces) to generate such diversity. As a corollary, we also examine when countries with different initial endowments may finally converge in their income levels.
Do Debt Flows Crowd Out Equity Flows Or the Other Way Round?
Full text linkIn the presence of asymmetric information, the stage at which financing decisions are made about investment projects in a small open economy is crucial for the composition of international capital inflows as well as for the efficiency of channeling savings into investment. This paper compares the implications of two extreme cases regarding the information possessed by the firms at their financing stage for whether inflows of foreign debt may crowd out foreign equity or the other way round. The scope for corrective tax policies is examined. We also provide a welfare comparison between the two mechanisms of capital flows.
The Role of Information in Driving FDI Flows: Host-Country Tranparency and Source Country Specialization
Full text linkWe develop a simple information-based model of FDI flows. On the one hand, the abundance of intangible' capital in specialized industries in the source countries, which presumably generates expertise in screening investment projects in the host countries, enhances FDI flows. On the other hand, host-country corporate-transparency diminishes the value of this expertise thereby reducing the flow of FDI. Empirical evidence (from a sample of 12 source countries and 45 host countries over the 1980s and 1990s) analyzed in a gravity-equation model, provides support to the theoretical hypotheses. The model also demonstrates that the gains for the host country from foreign direct investment [over foreign portfolio investment (FPI)] are reflected in a more efficient size of the stock of domestic capital and its allocation across firms. These gains are shown to depend crucially (and positively) on the degree of competition among FDI investors.
Quando l’immigrazione fa vincere tutti. Il caso di Israele all’inizio degli anni ’90 secondo Assaf Razin
Full text linkRiprendendo uno studio di Assaf Razin presentato al convegno “Migration and Welfare” tenutosi di recente a Roma si spiega perché un particolare evento come quello del grande flusso d’immigrazione che si è verificato dai paesi dell’ex URSS verso Israele negli anni ’90 ha avuto effetti positivi dal punto di vista socio-economico sia per la popolazione già residente sia per i nuovi arrivati. Una delle ragioni è da individuare nella politica, da sempre adottata da Israele, del “libero ritorno”
Fiscal Policies and Real Exchange Rates in the World Economy
Full text linkThis paper examines the effects of fiscal policies on the evolution of real rates of interest and real exchange rates in the interdependent world economy. We construct an analytical framework suitable for a detailed examination of the various channels through which these variables are influenced by government spending and by tax policies. The analytical framework employs a general equilibrium approach highlighting the roles played by wealth effects and by temporal and intertemporal substitution effects. The general principle illustrated by the analysis of the dynamic effects of budget deficits is that the consequences of temporary tax policies stretch beyond the period during which the temporary policies are in effect. The counterpart to these dynamic implications is the rise in the economy's external debt induced by the budget deficit the service of which stretches into the indefinite future. By series of examples, allowing for both distortionary and non-distortionary taxes and for various patterns of government spending, it is shown that the quantitative and qualitative effects of fiscal policies on real exchange rates, real interest rates, debt accumulation and the like depend critically on the commodity composition of government spending and its intertemporal allocations on the one hand, and on the details of government debt issue and tax structure, including the timing of taxes and borrowing and the types of taxes used to finance the budget, on the other hand.
Aggregate Supply and Potential Output
Full text linkThe New-Keynesian aggregate supply derives from micro-foundations an inflation-dynamics model very much like the tradition in the monetary literature. Inflation is primarily affected by: (i) economic slack; (ii) expectations; (iii) supply shocks; and (iv) inflation persistence. This paper extends the New Keynesian aggregate supply relationship to include also fluctuations in potential output, as an additional determinant of the relationship. Implications for monetary rules and to the estimation of the Phillips curve are pointed out.
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