55,868 research outputs found
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Gymnocnemia Schneider, 1845, and Megistopus Rambur, 1842, with remarks on the systematization of the tribe Nemoleontini (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
No full textThe delineation of antlion genera has often been based on morphological characters not tested in a phylogenetic context, thus seriously impairing the study of systematics of the family Myrmeleontidae. Nebulous generic limits also impede the taxonomy and study of the affinities of closely related species. As a case study, the generic placement of Megistopus mirabilis Hlzel, 1980, was based on a single leg character. To test the position of this species, the reciprocal relationships of the members of the genera Gymnocnemia Schneider, 1845, and Megistopus Rambur, 1842 were investigated, using a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis. This approach demonstrated that M. mirabilis should actually be assigned to the genus Gymnocnemia, as G. mirabilis comb. n. This analysis also supports the subdivision of the tribe Nemoleontini in two subclades based on morphology of male and female genitalia. A new characterisation of these genera is provided, as well as a redescription of the very rare G. mirabilis and the poorly investigated Megistopus lucasi (Navas, 1912). An updated identification key to the members of the genera Gymnocnemia and Megistopus is presented
Burrowing specializations in a lacewing larva (Neuroptera: Dilaridae)
No full textDilaridae are an ancient relict lineage of lacewings, whose life history is poorly known. We investigated the external morphology of the first and second instar larvae of Dilar duelli Aspöck U. and Aspöck H., 1995, based on reared and collected specimens by means of scanning electron microscopy. Larvae of Dilar are characterized by straight mandibulo-maxillary stylets, strengthened antennae and palps, absence of stemmata, robust prothoracic legs with asymmetrical pretarsal claws, greatly elongate and cylindrical abdomen, and large pygopods, all of these features appear to be adaptations to fossorial habits, allowing the larvae to move in the soil. Dilar undergoes drastic developmental changes between larval instars, changing from minute, stout first instars to long, slender third instars, characterized by an overly developed abdomen. Larvae of Dilaridae share several morphological and developmental features with Mantispidae and Berothidae, although phylogenetic evidence suggests that these traits arose independently in association with similar life habits
Eyes in the dark ... Shedding light on the antlion phylogeny and the enigmatic genus Pseudimares Kimmins (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
No full textThe systematic position of the antlion Pseudimares Kimmins has been disputed since description of the genus. Pseudimares is one of the most enigmatic and unusual members of Myrmeleontidae and probably of all Neuroptera. The taxon has been usually tied to the antlion subfamily Palparinae, although its phylogenetic affinities have never been thoroughly investigated and the monophyly of the subfamily as a whole has never been corroborated. We reconstruct for the first time the phylogenetic affinities of Pseudimares based on both morphological and molecular genetic data. The widely accepted subfamily level subdivision of antlions (Stilbopteryginae, Palparinae, Myrmeleontinae) is refuted in all our analyses, since Stilbopteryginae in the traditional sense are recovered as deeply nested within Myrmeleontidae forming a monophylum with Palparinae, while Myrmeleontinae are poorly supported by the parsimony analysis. In our morphology-based parsimony analysis, Pseudimares is the sister taxon of Stilbopteryx and Aeropteryx, which makes the traditional Palparinae paraphyletic. This result is further supported by our phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular data, which found a clade including Pseudimares and Stilbopteryx, which is nested within the traditional Palparinae. The high genetic distances measured among the analysed taxa suggest that these groups quickly diverged in ancient times, although they remained morphologically homogeneous. In conformity with the results of the phylogenetic analyses, we propose a new classification scheme for antlions, one that merges Stilbopteryx and Aeropteryx into an expanded concept of the subfamily Palparinae
Mongoloraphidia H. Aspock & U. Aspock 1968
No full textMongoloraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck Mongoloraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968: 59. Type species: Agulla sororcula H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1966: 226 (original designation).Published as part of Liu, Xingyue, Lyu, Yanan, Aspöck, Horst & Aspöck, Ulrike, 2018, New species of the snakefly genus Mongoloraphidia (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from China, pp. 87-96 in Zootaxa 4527 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/261201
Amurinocellia H. Aspock & U. Aspock
No full textAmurinocellia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, stat. nov. Amurinocellia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1973: 91. Type species: Inocellia calida H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1973 (designated by monotypy). Diagnosis. Body coloration of adult generally blackish brown with yellowish thoracic and abdominal markings. Antennae and legs much paler, usually pale yellow or yellowish brown. Male ninth gonocoxite nearly as long as ninth tergite, posterodorsal corner distinctly produced, ventrally with a digitiform process, and with a long and hook-like pseudostylus (gonapophysis 9) produced from the inner surface. Fused parameres (complex of amalgamated gonocoxites, gonapophyses, gonostyli 10) flattened proximally, with a slender and hook-like distal process. Gonarcus (fused gonocoxites 11) rather small and feebly sclerotized. Female seventh sternite posteriorly emarginate; eighth abdominal segment with tergite posteriorly produced ventrad, ventral portion membranous, nearly enveloped by tergite, subgenital plate absent. Distribution. China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia. Remarks. Amurinocellia was transferred as a subgenus from Inocellia to Parainocellia based on the presence of a pair of hook-like pseudostyli between the male ninth gonocoxites (H. Aspöck et al., 1980). However, as already stated in the original description by H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck (1973), P. (A.) calida is the only species of Inocelliidae so far known in which the ninth gonocoxites are not simply cup-like, but possess distinct processes. Besides the shape of the ninth gonocoxites of the males, Amurinocellia can be easily distinguished from Parainocellia s.str. by the extremely elongated pseudostyli (gonapophyses 9), the degenerated gonarcus (gonocoxites 11) of the males, and the ventrolaterally modified eighth tergite of the females. Due to our recent discovery of new species in China, Amurinocellia is not a monotypic subgenus with a single species but comprises three species distributed in a wider geographical range. The morphological differences to Parainocellia s.str. and the other Inocelliid genera seem to justify raising Amurinocellia to generic level.Published as part of Liu, Xingyue, Aspöck, Horst, Yang, Ding & Aspöck, Ulrike, 2009, Discovery of Amurinocellia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in China, with description of two new species, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2264 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19081
Asadeteva U. Aspock & H. Aspock 1981
No full textGenus Asadeteva U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981 Asadeteva U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981: 8. Type species: Asadeteva vartianorum U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981: 9 (original designation). Generic characters. The adults of Asadeteva are characterized by the following characters: the antennal scape as long as proximal four to five flagellomeres; the female forewing, hindwing and legs with scales on basal parts; the forewing strongly falcate and with dark brown spots on branching points of some longitudinal veins and along almost entire wing margin; the hindwing without gradate series of crossveins or with only few crossveins; the male tergum 9 + ectoprocts tapering posteroventrally, bearing a tuft of spinous setae; the complex of male gonocoxites 9 with a rod-like basal part and a broad terminal part, which is densely covered with minute setae; the complex of male fused gonocoxites, gonapophyses and gonostyli 10 (= paramere-mediuncus complex) comprising a basal sclerite, which is posteriorly and laterally produced at middle in ventral view, laterally with a pair of ovoid lobes, and a bow-shaped structure formed by bundled bristles (hereafter often referred to as a bristle bow); and the male fused gonocoxites 11 (= gonarcus) forming a small band-like arch, fused with the gonocoxites 9. Distribution. Afghanistan; India; Laos; Pakistan; Thailand. Notes. This genus previously included only two species: Asadeteva afghana U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981, and Asadeteva vartianorum U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981, from Afghanistan and Pakistan, respectively (U. Aspöck & Randolf 2014). In addition, an undetermined species of this genus was recorded from northwestern India (U. Aspöck & Randolf 2014). Notably, all records are confined to the Palaearctic region, while the presently described species represents the first record of Asadeteva from the Oriental region.Published as part of Li, Di, Aspöck, Horst, Aspöck, Ulrike & Liu, Xingyue, 2020, New beaded lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Berothidae) from Indochina, pp. 509-520 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/430652
Asadeteva U. Aspock & H. Aspock 1981
No full textGenus Asadeteva U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981 Asadeteva vartianorum U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1981: 9.Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Oswald, John D., Zia, Ahmed & Liu, Xingyue, 2019, Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review, pp. 497-541 in Zootaxa 4686 (4) on page 504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/349652
Mantispa aphavexelte H. Aspock & U. Aspock 1994
No full text127. Mantispa aphavexelte H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1994 Bitlis (Aspöck, 1996); Kars (Arı 2004); Antalya (Canbulat & Kıyak 2005 b). 128. Mantispa perla (Pallas, 1772) Kütahya (Şengonca 1979, 1980b); Bingöl (Aspöck et al. 1980); Arhadan, Kars (Arı 2004); Isparta, Deni- zli (Canbulat & Kıyak 2005 b).Published as part of Canbulat, Savaş, 2007, A checklist of Turkish Neuroptera with annotating on provincial distributions, pp. 35-52 in Zootaxa 1552 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17815
Mongoloraphidia H. Aspock & U. Aspock 1968
No full textGenus <i>Mongoloraphidia</i> H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 <p> <i>Mongoloraphidia</i> H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968: 59. <b>Type species</b>: <i>Agulla sororcula</i> H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1966: 226 (original designation).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Mongoloraphidia</i> can be diagnosed by the absence of the complex of gonocoxites, gonapophyses, and gonostyli 10 and the reduction of the anterior part of the ectoproct in the male genitalia.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.</p> Key to species of <i>Mongoloraphidia</i> from China based on male characters (revised after Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010b) <p> (<i>M</i>. (<i>F</i>.) <i>formosana</i> (Okamoto, 1917) is not included because the male is unknown).</p> <p>1. Species from mainland of China......................................................................... 4</p> <p>- Species from Taiwan.................................................................................. 2</p> <p> 2. Gonapophyses 9 posteriorly with a pair of ventrally curved processes (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010a: fig. 5).............. <i>M.</i> (<i>F.</i>) <i>curvata</i></p> <p>- Gonapophyses 9 posteriorly ending straight................................................................ 3</p> <p> 3. Gonapophyses 9 with lateral processes in ventral view (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1991: fig. 1107)............... <i>M.</i> (<i>F.</i>) <i>taiwanica</i></p> <p> - Gonapophyses 9 without lateral processes in ventral view (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1991: fig. 1109)............... <i>M.</i> (<i>F.</i>) <i>caelebs</i></p> <p> 4. Gonostylus 9 bifurcate (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010b: fig. 5).................................................... <i>M. abnormis</i></p> <p>- Gonostylus 9 not bifurcate.............................................................................. 5</p> <p> 5. Gonapophyses 9 posteriorly distinctly domed in lateral view; ectoproct with prominent posteroventral corners (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010b: fig. 13)................................................................................ <i>M. liupanshanica</i></p> <p>- Gonapophyses 9 posteriorly flat in lateral view; ectoproct not prominent posteroventrally............................ 6</p> <p>6. Gonocoxite 9 posteriorly with a long digitiform process....................................................... 7</p> <p> - Gonocoxite 9 posteriorly without a long digitiform process (Figs 2, 5)......................... <i>M. xinjiangana</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> 7. Gonostylus 9 nearly half as long as arm (apodeme) of gonocoxite 9 (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1998: fig. 12).................... 8</p> <p> - Gonostylus 9 slightly longer than or as long as arm (apodeme) of gonocoxite 9 (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010b: fig. 21)............... 9</p> <p> 8. Gonapophyses 9 distally strongly fused and narrowed in ventral view (Fig. 12)............................ <i>M. kaskabi</i></p> <p> - Gonapophyses 9 distally feebly fused in ventral view (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2010b: fig. 22).............................. <i>M. yangi</i></p> <p> 9. Gonapophyses 9 in ventral view with a truncate posterior margin (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1998: fig. 7)................. <i>M. xiyue</i></p> <p>- Gonapophyses 9 in ventral view with a tapering posterior margin.............................................. 10</p> <p> 10. Gonapophyses 9 in ventral view distally strongly broadened (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1998: fig. 13)......................... 11</p> <p> - Gonapophyses 9 in ventral view distally feebly broadened (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2018: fig. 3).............................. <i>M. lini</i></p> <p> 11. Abdomen dorsally with a yellowish median vitta (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2018: fig. 7); gonapophyses 9 strongly enlarged distally into a subtriangular plate (Liu <i>et al</i>. 2018: fig. 10)...................................................... <i>M. trangulata</i></p> <p> - Abdomen dorsally with a series of yellowish spots on posteromedian portion; gonapophyses 9 slightly widened distally into a relatively small, heart-shaped plate (H. Aspöck <i>et al</i>. 1998: fig. 13)..................................... <i>M. duomilia</i></p>Published as part of <i>Shen, Rongrong, Li, Bingchen, Ren, Jinlong, Shali, Yasen & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, New snakeflies of the genus Mongoloraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from Xinjiang, China, pp. 575-582 in Zootaxa 5125 (5)</i> on pages 576-577, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6457437">http://zenodo.org/record/6457437</a>
Mongoloraphidia (Mongoloraphidia) virgo H. Aspock, U. Aspock & Rausch 1982
No full textMongoloraphidia (Mongoloraphidia) virgo H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Rausch, 1982 * Mongoloraphidia (Mongoloraphidia) virgo H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Rausch, 1982: 5. Type locality: Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhawa: Khagan valley, Shogran). Distribution: Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhawa prov., Hazara div., Mansehra dist., Khagan Valley, Shogran (Aspöck et al. 1982, 1991; Oswald 2018).Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Oswald, John D., Zia, Ahmed & Liu, Xingyue, 2019, Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review, pp. 497-541 in Zootaxa 4686 (4) on page 501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/349652
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