39 research outputs found
Primary health care in practice: usual source of care and health system performance across 14 countries
No full textPrimary health care (PHC) is central to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, yet comparable cross-country data on key aspects of primary care have not been widely available. This study analysed data from the People´s Voice Survey, which was conducted in 2022 and 2023 in 14 countries. We documented usual source of care across countries and examined associations of usual source of care with core PHC services, quality ratings, and health system confidence. We found that 75% of respondents had a usual source of care, and that 40% of respondents accessed usual care in the public sector at primary level. 44% rated their usual source of care as very good or excellent. Access to PHC-linked screenings and treatments varied widely within and across countries. Having any usual source of care was associated with higher take-up of preventive services, greater access to treatment including mental health services, and greater health system endorsement. Strengthening links between health system users and primary care providers could improve take-up of preventive care and increase user satisfaction with health system performance.Fil: Croke, Kevin. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Moshabela, Mosa. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Kapoor, Neena R.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Doubova, Svetlana V.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Elorrio, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: HaileMariam, Damen. Addis Ababa University; EtiopíaFil: Lewis, Todd P.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Mfeka Nkabinde, Gloria N.. University of KwaZulu-Natal; SudáfricaFil: Mohan, Sailesh. Deakin University; AustraliaFil: Mugo, Peter. No especifíca;Fil: Nzinga, Jacinta. No especifíca;Fil: Prabhakaran, Dorairaj. No especifíca;Fil: Tadele, Ashenif. Ethiopian Public Health Institute; EtiopíaFil: Wright, Katherine D.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Kruk, Margaret E.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados Unido
In vivo antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic effects of the crude extracts and fractions of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats.
No full textMoringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine as a remedy for treatment of hypertension and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effect in fructose induced hypertensive rats.Rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n=6). Treatment groups were given daily extracts (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) orally with fructose. Whereas, positive, negative and normal control groups were received captopril (20 mg/kg/day with fructose), only fructose (66% w/v ad libitum) and distilled water ad libitum for 15 days, respectively. The blood pressure was measured every 5th day using tail cuff blood pressure analyzer, and on the 16th day the blood was sampled to evaluate antihyperlipidemic effect using clinical chemistry analyzer. The study showed that aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts significantly prevented blood pressure increment in a dose dependent manner comparable to that of the standard drug. Similarly, the extracts suppressed increment in lipid profile (cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides) compared with negative control. The biochemical test revealed that extracts produced a rise in liver but no effect on kidney function indicators compared with normal control.These findings revealed that both crude extracts of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. possess antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effect
Qualitative laboratory analysis for the detection of conventional drugs in herbal preparations supplied by healers in major towns of Ethiopia
No full textAbstractBackground: There has always been an air of uncertainty whether or not traditional healers, especially those in theurban areas, supplied herbal remedies adulterated with modern drugs.Objectives: This study aims to analyze herbal preparations prescribed by healers against malaria, gonorrhea,tuberculosis, etc. for the presence of conventional drugs, with emphasis on anti-microbial pharmaceutical ingredients.Methods: Patient simulated convenience based survey method was employed to collect samples of remedies suppliedby healers along with other pertinent information on quality of services provided in 60 traditional health careestablishments. Presence or absence of conventional drug ingredients in the collected samples of herbal preparationswas tested using a validated analytical laboratory method.Result: Active pharmaceutical ingredients were detected in 39 or 51% of the 76 samples of traditional remedies tested.The average price that healers charge for herbal preparations adulterated with modern drugs was higher than the fulldose of conventional drugs sold in retail pharmacies. Even the unadulterated preparations were found to be moreexpensive than the latter. Documentation of patient history, diagnostic techniques, dispensing practices of theremedies, etc. as observed in the traditional health service delivery outlets/clinics were generally less satisfactory.Conclusion: Supplying herbal preparations adulterated with modern drugs, particularly with anti-microbial agentsentails a number of untoward effects including increased emergence of resistant pathogenic strains. Sustained effort increating awareness among the communities by health workers and authorities is, therefore, crucial to curb the loomingdanger to public health. While existing legal frameworks may be sufficient to consider punitive measures againstperpetrators of such inappropriate and unauthorized use of anti-microbial agents, new ones that particularly govern theactivities of traditional healers need to be put in place. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2008;22(1):55-62
Examining Heat Treatment Effects on Transformation of Iron Oxides and Crystallinity phase identification Dataset from Recovered Iron Hydroxide Electro-coagulated Sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant have recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment were produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different application. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect for magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide were used crystalliniry nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirm us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature the patterns become more crystal formation
Utilizations of Electro-coagulated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant data as an Adsorbent for Direct Red 28 Dye removal
No full textElectro-coagulated, EC, sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant can be reuse as an adsorbent for a certain cationic and anionic azo dyes from textile and or leather industry effluents. Because EC sludge expected to have iron oxide and hydroxide during the electrochemical processes of wastewater treatment, it can be used for adsorptions for azo dye removal. Produced EC sludge can have positively charged surface, specially ferric and or ferrous surface charge. Thus, EC sludge as an adsorbent will have adsorption potential to adsorb acidic (anionic) dyes in the principles of electrostatic attraction. To this study, the author intends to use direct red 28 (DR28) dyes as a modal azo dye from the textile and or leather industry. Basic batch adsorption parameters (effect of dye concentration, solution pH, reaction temperature, mixing time and adsorbent dosage), as well as adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study on to raw and calcined EC sludge were investigated. DR28 dye on to calcined EC adsorbent has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 2, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 25±2℃, ambient temperature
XRD analysis of recovered iron materials from electro-coagulated sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant has recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment was produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different applications. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect on magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide was used crystallinity nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using the XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirmed us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature, the patterns become more crystal formation
Barter in practice: a case study of liwac transaction in Addis Ababa
No full textThe author examines the contemporary liwac or barter system in Addis Ababa, a thriving part of the informal economy which involves the exchange of household goods for second-hand clothes and shoes. He concludes that this form of transaction positively co-exists with and is not superseded by the monetised economy.This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.</p
Traditional medicines sold by vendors in Merkato, Addis Ababa: Aspects of their utilization, trade, and changes between 1973 and 2014
No full textAbstract
Background: Many traditional medicines are sold by vendors in the large Merkato market area in Addis Ababa but little is known about their trade, use, safety and sustainability.
Objectives: This study aimed at obtaining information on traditional medicines sold by vendors and purchased by clients in Merkato, including their utilization, trade, and changes between 1973 and 2014.
Methods: Forty-four vendors and 47 of their customers were interviewed using two questionnaires and a direct observation guide. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by applying a χ2 test. Pharmacists in 2 pharmacies in Merkato were interviewed about the sale of taenicides.
Results: Forty-five plant species and 4 minerals were found to be sold by the vendors for the treatment and prevention of various infectious and non-infectious diseases and magico-religious illnesses. The most common plant products were from Boswellia spp., Commiphora spp. (etan), Echinops kebericho (kabericho), Ruta chalepensis (tena adem), Rosmarinus abyssinicus (yesega metbesha), Ocimum lamifolium (damakase), and Taverniera abyssinica (dingetegna). Comparison with the 1973 study revealed a decline in the number of vendors and mean number of medicines sold per vendor, particularly taenicides. The major general medicines continued to be widely used. The sale of 13 other medicines was reported only in2014. The sanitation and handling of medicines observed engenders undesirable health effects for clients. The information obtained from vendors and clients on the medicines was similar, indicating persisting cultural practices and reliability of the questionnaires.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Further studies are needed in Merkato and other retail outlets to ensure the safety, efficacy and sustainability of traditional medicines and to inform health officials and policy makers of changing health needs and demands for indigenous medicines in the population. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2014;28(2):136-152
Book reviews: Robert Guest (2004) “The Shackled Continent: Power, Corruption, and African Lives”
No full textOver the past two decades, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world except for sub-Saharan Africa. This attracted the attention of many scholars and policymakers from Africa and other continents of the world to study and understand the reason why Africa has remained so poor. As a result, many scholars have advanced many reasons for poverty and underdevelopment on the continent. However, no consensus is reached among scholars for poverty and underdevelopment of Africa. 'The shackled continent' is one of the books that has attempted to explain the reasons why Africa has remained so poor. The main of this paper was to critically review the book. The shackled continent has critically analyzed and identified many hobbles that have affected the development process in Africa. In this regard, the author assumption is that Africa has remained so poor as a result of several factors which includes failures of leadership, tribal politics, bad governance, impacts of AIDs, resource curse, lack of transparent property rights, ethnic strife, corruption, frequent military coups, and development assistance failures. Guest admits that these reasons to some extent contribute to the Africans' development challenges. However, arguably failures of leadership are the main reason for underdevelopment in Africa. The author argues that global capitalism is merely a solution to Africa's problems. This book has many strengths as well as weaknesses
Herbal Medicines for the Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Ethiopia and Eretria including their Phytochemical Constituents
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