5,054 research outputs found
Si Kenkoy Bilang Kuwelang Ingles sa Komiks: Isang Pagdalumat sa Karabaw English Bilang Instrumento ng Pagsulong ng Makabayang Diwa sa Panahon ng Kolonyalismong Amerikano; 1929-1934
No full textAbstrakAng tinaguriang “Carabao English” ay inilalarawan bilang isang katawa-tawa at hindi kanais-nais na paraan ng komunikasyon. Kinikilala ito bilang paaran ng pilit na paglakip sa dayuhang wika kung saan nagkaroon ng korupsiyon (sariling maka-Pilipinong pagbabaybay) ang wikang Ingles dahil sa naging paghahalo nito sa wikang Filipino. Tatangkain ng papel na ito na matunton ang naging paggamit sa “Carabao English” na mababakas sa mga diyalogo na inilarawan ni Tony Velasquez sa kaniyang likhang-sining na Kenkoy Komiks. Si Kenkoy ang kumatawan sa ‘kuwelang Ingles’ na sa unang pagtingin ay katawa-tawa ngunit kung bibigyan ng malalim na pagsusuri ay nagpapahiwatig ng mga makabayang aral at mga tunggalian sa isang kolonyal na lipunan. Ang layunin ng pag-aaral ay mabigyan ng masusing pagtalakay at masuri ang mga simbolismong pumapaloob sa Kenkoy Komiks na makikita sa ilustrasyon at mga linya nito. Bukod pa rito, layunin ding mabigyang-linaw at maisakonteksto ang nilalaman ng sining ng pagguhit at wikang “Carabao English” sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas at ang papel at paggamit ng nasabing wika sa layunin ng may-akda upang maisulong ang kaniyang mithiing pagkabansa. Matutunghayan mula sa pag-aaral ang pagtugon at ang pakikipagtunggali ng lipunang Pilipino sa panahon ng mga kultural na pagbabago sa dagok ng kolonisasyon mula sa komiks. Iminumungkahi ng pag-aaral na nagkaroon ng proseso ng akulturasyon sa wika kung saan sinasalamin nito ang pag-angkin ng lipunang Pilipino sa mga dayuhang elemento, ngunit nagkaroon ng pagtatakip upang maipagpatuloy ang diwang makabayan sa kabila ng kaayusang kolonyal na pinatatakbo ng Estados Unidos sa bansa. Mga Susing Salita: komiks, Carabao English, Kenkoy, patriotismo, wika Kenkoy’s Humourous English in Comics: An Analysis on the use of “Carabao English” as an Instrument of Advancing Patriotism under the American Colonial Period; 1929 – 1934 Abstract“Carabao English” is portrayed as a farcical and an unfavorable means of communication. It was known to caused by an enforced adherence to the use of a foreign language wherein it formed a ‘corrupted version’ (based on the Philippine enumeration) of the English language due to its contact and mixing with the Filipino language. This paper aims to trace the usage of “Carabao English” based on the dialogues in Tony Velasquez’ Kenkoy Komiks. The main character, Kenkoy, embodies the use of “Humourous English” which at first glance may seem laughable however under thorough analysis implies patriotic values and underscores the struggles of Filipinos under a colonial society. The purpose of this study is to highlight and contextualize the use of “Carabao English” under the American colonial period in the Philippines and its use by the author in order to achieve nationhood. The dynamics of response and conflict within the Filipino society under a period of cultural change brought about by a new colonial era based on the comics, can be seen from the study. The study proposes that language underwent a process of acculturation where it reflects a gradual acceptance of foreign cultural elements within the Filipino society but nevertheless, became instrumental in promoting patriotism by serving as an alternative expression of continued resistance to American colonial rule.Keywords: comics, Carabao English, Kenkoy, patriotism, languag
Artemio Aranas: Panukalang Salin sa Filipino ng Isang Sugilanon ni Vicente Rama at ang English Translation Dito ni Rudy Villanueva
No full textABSTRAKAng “Artemio Aranas” ay isang maikling kuwento (sugilanon) sa Sugbuanong Binisaya na inakda ni Vicente Rama, kuwentista, peryodista, at politiko mula Cebu. Isinalin ang “Artemio Aranas” sa Ingles ni Renato Madrid, ang sagisag-panulat ni P. Rodolfo Villanueva, at kasama sa mga salin na inilabas sa isang kalipunan noong 2003. Nakapaloob ang kuwento sa kontekstong historikal ng epidemya ng kolera na tumama rin sa Cebu at ibang bahagi ng Pilipinas noong unang dekada ng siglo 20. Iyan ang tatalakayin sa unang bahagi ng papel. Mapapansin sa naratibo ang tunggalian ng tradisyonal na paniniwala at ng mga “bago” noong konsepto na hatid ng medisinang Kanluranin na dinala ng mga mananakop noong Amerikano. Bukod pa rito ang tunggalian sa pagitan ng nakatatanda at mga kabataan, sa loob ng mga pagbabago sa politika, mga wikang opisyal, at kultura sa kapuluan. Kapansin-pansin din ang pagpaksa ng kuwento sa maling pagpapalaganap ng impormasyon umano ng ilang pahayagan sa Cebu at ang pagmamatigas ng ilang mamamayan ng bayan sa harap ng isang epidemya. Ipinapanukala ng may-akda ang salin sa Filipino ng kuwento upang higit na maipaabot sa mga mambabasa na walang access sa orihinal na Sugbuanong Binisaya o saling Ingles. Babanggitin din ang ilang suliranin at siwang sa pagsasalin, lalo na at may mediasyong isinagawa ang Ingles sa pagsasaling ito.Susing salita: Vicente Rama, salin, kathang pangkasaysayan, kolera ABSTRACT“Artemio Aranas” is a short story or sugilanon in Sugbuanong Binisaya. It was written by Vicente Rama: fictionist, newspaper editor, and politician from Cebu City, Cebu. “Artemio Aranas” was translated into English by essayist-fictionist Renato Madrid (nom de plume of Fr. Rodolfo Villanueva) and was among those rendered into that language in a compilation of Rama’s works released in 2003. The short story was situated during one of the cholera epidemics that hit Cebu in the 1900s. That context will be discussed in the first part of the paper. One can notice in the narrative the tensions between “modern, scientific” knowledge in medicine that were brought by American occupiers and the traditional beliefs being held by the Cebuanos during at that time. There were also tensions between the “older” and “younger” generations that broke out amid the political, cultural, and lingustic changes raveling in the archipelago during those times. “Artemio Aranas” also features the perceived misinformation by some newspapers in Cebu on the epidemic and the bull-headedness of some people in that capital of Cebu province. This author recommends a Filipino translation of “Artemio Aranas” in order to make the story more accessible to readers who do not have a copy, either of the Sugbuanong Binisaya original or of the English translation. The challenges in making this translation will also be mentioned. Keywords: Vicente Rama, translation, historical fiction, choler
Ang Babae sa Pook Pagawaan: Mga Espasyo ng Pag-aangkin sa Piling mga Nobela ni Valeriano Hernandez-Peña
No full textABSTRAKNakatuon ang pag-aaral na ito sa pagsusuri sa pampanitikang representasyon ng babae sa pook pagawaan at ang espasyo ng pag-aangkin sa piling mga nobela ni Valeriano Hernandez-Peña. Kung sinasabing ang panitikan ay representasyon ng isinahirayang ugnayan ng mga indibidwal sa kanilang kondisyon ng pag-iral sa lipunan, paano nabibigyan ng pampanitikang representasyon ang babaeng manggagawa sa mga nobela ni Valeriano Hernandez-Peña? Paanong muling nalikha sa mga akda ang mga karanasan ng kababaihang manggagawa – ang pagsasamantala sa tauhan bilang babae at bilang manggagawa? At sa gitna ng mga ito, paano nabibigyan ng ahensiya ang tauhan para baguhin ang kaniyang kalagayan sa nobela? Naging puwersa ang kababaihang manggagawa na kongkretong nagiging materyal ng manunulat sa pagsasahiraya sa unang mga dekada ng siglo 20. Gamit ang alegorikal na pagbasang sumasaklaw sa hanggahang politikal, panlipunan, at historikal, sinikap na bakatin ang ugnayan ng teksto sa konteksto ng ekonomiya, paggawa, at turing sa kababaihan sa unang dekada ng pananakop ng Amerikano, kung kailan umusbong ang mga nobela. Sa pangkalahatan, bagaman karamihan sa mga nobela ni Hernandez-Peña ay tumatalakay sa pag-ibig at nakakahon sa ideolohiya ng patriyarka, may mga guwang sa teksto na nagsilbing daluyan ng mga resistant na imahen/espasyo ng/para sa babaeng manggagawa. Tinatayang mapupunan ng pag-aaral ang mga puwang na naiwan ng ibang manunulat na pumaksa sa kasarian at gayundin, makapagdaragdag sa mga pananaliksik tungkol sa babaeng manggagawa sa ilalim ng kolonyalismong Amerikano. Mga susing salita: nobelang Tagalog, panunuring pampanitikan, babae, manggagawa, panahon ng Amerikano ABSTRACTThe study analyzes how representations in literature relate the imagined and real lives of individuals in society. Because women workers provided a tangible material for Valeriano Hernandez-Peña in re-imagining American colonialism, the article examines how they were recreated in the novels of the author. How did Hernandez-Peña articulate the experiences of the female character and her oppression as a woman and a worker? In the process, how is the character given agency to transform her condition in the novel? Using an allegorical reading that encompasses the political, social, and historical, the researcher outlined connections and correspondences in the context of economics, labor, and prevailing concepts on women during the period. As a whole, even if Hernandez-Peña produced mostly romantic novels confined to the patriarchal ideology, there are crevices in the text where resistant images/spaces of/for women workers flow. The study contributes to the existing research on women workers during American colonialism as well as to the continuing discourses on gender. Keywords: Tagalog novel, literary criticism, women, workers, American perio
Modulation-Mode Assignment for SVD-Aided and BICM-Assisted Spatial Division Multiplexing
No full textIn this contribution the number of activated MIMO layers and the number of bits per symbol along with the appropriate allocation of the transmit power and the rate of the BICM error correcting codes are jointly optimized under the constraint of a given fixed data throughput. The performance investigations are carried out by computer simulations and confirmed by the EXIT charts. Our results show that not necessarily all MIMO layers have to be activated in order to achieve the best BERs
Pseudolitochira taiwang Ng & Lin 2023, n. sp.
No full text<i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 1D, 6, 7)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: female (11.2 × 8.1 mm) (NMMBCD5627), Badouzi, Keelung County, Taiwan, coll. SCUBA, C.-W. Lin, 27 July 2016.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> 1 female (11.0 × 7.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-7770), Sesoko Island, Okinawa Island, Ryukyus, Japan, <i>ca</i>. 1.0 m, coll. T. Maenosono, 25 December 2022; 1 male (8.5 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2023.0031, ex RUMF-ZC-7523), subtidal, off Kudaka island, Nanjo, Okinawa Island, Ryukyus, Japan, coll. Okinawa Prefecture Environment Center, T. Saito, 21 May 2021.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace transversely ovate, width 1.38 times length (Fig. 6A, B); surface covered with short fine pubescence, frontal and anterolateral margins with dense, long silk-like pubescence, those lining postfrontal ridge relatively shorter, plumose (Figs. 1D, 6A, C); external orbital tooth low, barely separated from very low first anterolateral tooth, margin appears granulate, second anterolateral tooth distinct but short, lateral margins lined with denticles, last anterolateral tooth small, directed laterally (Fig. 6B); posterior margin of epistome with median lobe low, broadly triangular, lateral margin gently concave (Fig. 6C, E). Third maxilliped with short, subquadrate ischium, merus quadrate, subdistal margin with low granules (Fig. 6D). Chelipeds homochelous, chela with fingers about three-quarters length of palm, outer surface covered with granules and long setae obscuring margins (Fig. 6A, G). Ambulatory legs with merus and propodus distinctly short, stout, lined with dense long silk-like setae (Fig. 6A, H). Vulvae large, ovate, on proximal half of sternite 6, positioned close to median part of sternite 6, opening obliquely (Fig. 6F).</p> <p> <b>Colour in life.</b> Carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs orangish-red with long setae bright yellow; distal twothirds of fingers black (Fig. 1D).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name is an arbitrary combination of the name Taiwan with Wang Chia-Hsiang. Chia-Hsiang, who passed away in 2022, was the first author’s oldest friend in Taiwan, and a valued colleague beyond measure. He encouraged many generations of young people to pursue carcinology and bring the community in the island together. That the species is found in Taiwan and Okinawa is also providence, it was there where Chia-Hsiang and the first author first met a lifetime ago. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> With regards to the dense and long silk-like setae on the carapace and armature of the anterolateral carapace teeth, <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> most closely resembles <i>P. lanuginosus</i> (Klunzinger, 1913) from the Red Sea, but <i>P. taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is a distinctly larger species with the adult holotype female measuring 11.2 × 8.1 mm (adult females of <i>P. lanuginosus</i> already mature at 5.4 × 3.5 mm and ovigerous at 5.1 × 3.5 mm); the carapace is higher with the dorsal surface prominently convex (Fig. 6A, C) (carapace relatively lower in <i>P. lanuginosus</i>; Ng & Clark 2022b: fig. 1A, B); and the merus of the third maxilliped is proportionately smaller (Fig. 6D) (distinctly larger in <i>P. lanuginosus</i>; Ng & Clark 2022b: fig. 2D).</p> <p> <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is also close to <i>P. crinita</i> Ng & Clark, 2022a, from Papua New Guinea. It can, however, easily be separated by the setae on the carapace and legs being much denser (Figs. 1D, 6A) (setae less dense in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 2b); the carapace is more hexagonal with the posterolateral margins slightly concave to almost straight (Fig. 6A, B) (carapace transversely ovate with the posterolateral margins gently convex in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: figs. 2b, 5e); the dorsal surface of the carapace is distinctly higher and more convex in frontal view (Fig. 6A, C) (dorsal surface relatively lower in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 5f, g); the anterolateral carapace margin has the first anterolateral spine low, with the next two spines more prominent, the junction with the posterolateral margin marked by a spine (Fig. 6B) (with only two very low spines, the junction with the posterolateral margin being rounded in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 5e); the merus of the third maxilliped is proportionately smaller (Fig. 6D) (larger in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: figs. 5h, 7c); and the merus of the fourth ambulatory leg is proportionately shorter (Fig. 6H) (merus distinctly longer in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 6g).</p> <p> <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> closely resembles <i>H. setosus</i> (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) from New Caledonia, especially with regards to the pattern of setation (cf. A. Milne-Edwards 1873: 267–268). The latter species is poorly known and although often reported from various parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans (<i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., see Poupin 2010; Trivedi <i>et al.</i> 2018), it has never been redescribed to modern standards. The figures of the species are relatively accurate, and the first author has examined photographs of four dried syntypes in the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The species was originally described in <i>Carcinoplax</i> H. Milne Edwards, 1852, but was referred to <i>Heteropilumnus</i> by Balss (1933). The figure of the frontal part of the cephalothorax of <i>H. setosus</i> by A. Milne-Edwards (1873: pl. 12 fig. 2a) is diagnostic and shows the posterior margin of the epistome entire, without any lateral clefts or lobes: a diagnostic character of <i>Pseudolitochira</i>. As such, <i>Carcinoplax setosa</i> A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, is here also transferred to <i>Pseudolitochira</i>. <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be distinguished from <i>P. setosa</i> by its relatively narrower carapace (width to length ratio 1.38 versus 1.50; Fig. 6A, B versus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the last anterolateral carapace tooth is spiniform (Fig. 6B) (dentiform in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the posterolateral margins are more convergent towards the posterior carapace margin (Fig. 6A, B) (more divergent in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistome is relatively lower (Fig. 6C, E) (more produced in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2a); and the merus of the fourth ambulatory leg is distinctly shorter (Fig. 6A, H) (more elongate in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2).</p> <p> The specimen identified as “ <i>Heteropilumnus longisetum</i> Davie & Humpherys, 1997 ” (type locality Western Australia) by Maenosono (2023: 165) (RUMF-ZC-7770) from Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, is clearly identical to <i>P. taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> The figures of the specimen (Maenosono 2023: figs. 1, 2) agree with the type female in all aspects. There is also a male specimen (ZRC 2023.0031) from Okinawa that agrees with the rest of the material in all non-sexual aspects; its male pleon and gonopods are here figured (Fig. 7E–I). Compared to <i>P. maenosonoi</i>, the only congener in which males are known, the G1 is distinctly more sinuous with the distal part more elongate and directed laterally (Fig. 7F–H) (G1 less sinuous with the distal part gently curved and not elongate in <i>P. maenosonoi</i>; cf. Ng & Clark, 2022a: fig. 7e–g).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The type specimen was found under a rock with a soft, muddy substrate.</p>Published as part of <i>Ng, Peter K. L. & Lin, Chia-Wei, 2023, Two new species of hairy crabs (Pilumnidae) and the first record of Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile, 1900) (Acidopsidae) (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Taiwan, pp. 101-114 in Zootaxa 5297 (1)</i> on pages 106-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7989367">http://zenodo.org/record/7989367</a>
Celeste Ng\u27s Novel, Our Missing Hearts
No full textCeleste Ng\u27s recent novel, Our Missing Hearts, is reviewed and analyzed by Robb Scott as a dystopian portrayal of America in the near future, but a story conveyed by the author Ng with a stream of hopefulness running through it
Near-capacity iterative decoding of binary self-concatenated codes using soft decision demapping and 3-D EXIT charts
No full textIn this paper 3-D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary Self-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID), exchanging extrinsic information with the soft-decision demapper to approach the channel capacity. Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes are selected as constituent codes, an interleaver is used for randomising the extrinsic information exchange of the constituent codes, while a puncturer helps to increase the achievable bandwidth efficiency. The convergence behaviour of the decoder is analysed with the aid of bit-based 3-D EXIT charts, for accurately calculating the operating EbN0 threshold, especially when SP based soft demapper is employed. Finally, we propose an attractive system configuration, which is capable of operating within about 1 dB from the channel capacity
Paralegal work: a community-based approach to fisheries law enforcement ni Negros Occidental, Philippines
No full textFishery management, Legal aspects
Ang Mapanglasong Dagta ng Homophobia: Pagsusuri ng Kasarian at Pagnanasa sa Nagmahal Ako [ng Bakla] ng Dagtang Lason (The Toxic Sap of Homophobia: An Analysis of Kabaklaan, Masculinity, and Desire in Dagtang Lason’s Nagmahal Ako [ng Bakla] )
No full textGamit ang malapitang pagbabasa, sinusuri ng artikulong ito ang kantang “Nagmahal Ako [ng Bakla]” ng Dagtang Lason (2009) upang tunghayan ang pagkakahulugan nito sa kabaklaan. Isang seksyon ito ng higit na malawakang pag-aaral sa kabaklaan bilang karakter na nilalaman ng kantang bakla—o mga awit na nagmumula sa [personang] bakla, patungo sa [hantungang] bakla, o may pinatutungkulang [kuwento ng] bakla—nitong huling apat na dekada. Ang pagbasa/panunuri ay nakaangkla sa teoryang queer na kombinasyon ng samutsaring kritikang kapwa kanluranin at lokal, at nakatutok sa tatlong pangunahing salik: ang titik [o teksto, lyrics ng kanta], ang tinig [na kinakatawan ng literal na boses ng umaawit, ng simbolikal na boses ng personang inihahayag nito, at ng kabuuang salin ng tunog na bunga ng pagtawid ng awit], at ang tanghal [na kinakatawan ng mga imaheng bunga ng mga musikal na epekto ng titik at tinig, at ng biswal na kaakibat ng kanta—ang music video nito]. Kultural ang oryentasyon, gamit din ng panunuri ang mga palatandaang nagbubuhat sa balita, palabas, at iba pa, na nagsisilbing mga alternatibong tekstong nagpipinta ng hulmahang popular na pinagtatanghalan ng awit.
This article presents a critique of the popular song, “Nagmahal Ako [ng Bakla]” by Dagtang Lason (2009) through a close reading of the song’s lyrics, music video, and the text’s place within a larger sociohistorical milieu replete with various popular phenomena—including the continually evolving forms of the identities presented in the song such as the bakla, the lalaki (man), and the composition, negotiation, and negation of the desire—as it exists and is performed—between them. The homophobia that pervades the song is brought to the fore by highlighting certain features of the dynamics between the bakla and the lalaki as narrated by the song’s persona, thereby placing the song within the bakla’s continual character development as a marker of both his composition and oppression.
This article presents a section of a larger study that the author writes about the bakla, his local culture, and his various portrayals through local music
Alcolyra Trivedi & Mitra & Ng 2022, n. gen.
No full textGenus Alcolyra n. gen. Type species. Philyra alcocki Kemp, 1915 by present designation. Gender of genus. Feminine Diagnosis. Carapace suborbicular, slightly longer than broad; dorsal surface convex, minutely granulated, covered with scattered punctae, regions relatively distinct; gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions elevated with patches of granules (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D). Front anterior margin almost straight with single median tooth projecting beyond visible margin of epistome, epistome and anterior boundaries of pterygostomian regions not projecting beyond the edge of front (1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Median ridge faint, undulating posteriorly, running from frontal region posteriorly merging with elevated intestinal region (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Hepatic region excavated forming broad shallow depression, upper and lower margins lined with small rounded granules, not merging anteriorly, posteriorly, depression joining anterolateral margin as well-marked obtuse angle (Figs.1A, B, D, 2A, B, D, 3A, 3D). Branchial region with 2 rows of tubercles. Anterolateral, posterolateral and posterior carapace margins granulated (Figs. 1B, 2B, 3A, 3D). Posterior carapace margin concave with broadly triangular blunt teeth on lateral sides (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Third maxilliped with surfaces granular; ischium longer than wide, longer than merus; exopod elongated, expanded, outer margin convex (Figs. 1C, 2C, 5B). Adult cheliped not prominently elongate or swollen; surfaces minutely granular; merus cylindrical, cutting edges of fingers with narrow gape (Figs. 1A, 2A). Ambulatory legs slender, smooth (Figs. 1F, 2F). Male thoracic sternite 8 visible when pleon closed, between margins of pleonal somites 2 and 3; sternites covered with scattered punctae; outer lateral margin of sternite 4 swollen forming longitudinal ridge on either side in adults; sternite 5 with large tubercle near inner lateral margin on each side of sternopleonal cavity, adjacent to base of first ambulatory leg; sternopleonal cavity deep; reaching to mid distance between fused thoracic sternites 1–3 (Figs. 1E, 2E). Male pleon narrow; somites 1 and 2 free; somite 1 longitudinally narrow; somite 2 yoke-like, reaching coxae of fourth ambulatory leg, somites 3–5 fused, surface with scattered punctae, unarmed; somite 6 longer than broad, free, surface unarmed, base broader than distal end of preceding somite; telson triangular, longer than wide, with rounded apex (Figs. 1E, 2E, 5A). G1 long, slender, tip with short setae, apical process spatuliform (Figs. 5C–F). Female pleon longitudinally ovate, somites 1 and 2 free, somites 3–6 completely fused to form domed plate; vulvae large, obliquely ovate, on anterior part of sternite 6, without sternal vulvar cover (Figs. 3B, E). Etymology. The genus is named in honour of Alfred William Alcock for his valuable contribution in taxonomy brachyuran crabs of Indian Ocean, in arbitrary combination with the suffix of the genus name Philyra. Remarks. According to the revision of Philyra Leach, 1817 by Galil (2009), Alcolyra n. gen. falls into the second group of genera in which first two male pleonal somites are free (Figs. 4B, D). This second group contains genera like Philyra s. str., Afrophila Galil, 2009, Atlantolocia Galil, 2009, Ryphila Galil, 2009 and Ovilyra Ng, 2021. However, Alcolyra n. gen. can be distinguished from these genera in having two tuberculated rows on branchial region of carapace (Figs. 1B, 2B) and presence of tubercle on either side near the inner lateral margin of somite 5 of sternum of males (Figs. 1E, 2E). Alcolyra n. gen. varies from Philyra s. str. in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B) (versus pyriform in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); clear hepatic facet (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B, 6A–C) (versus no clear hepatic facet in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus branchial region smooth in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); surface of cheliped merus minutely granular (Figs. 1A, 2A) (versus with large granules present near proximal margin in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Figs. 1A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E) (versus tubercle absent in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); pleonal somites 3–5 fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A) (versus somites 3–6 fused in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); male pleonal somite 6 with a proportionately wider proximal margin (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A) (versus with margin more narrow in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); and the G1 apical process is spatuliform (Fig. 5C–F) (versus G1 with alate apical process in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 2A). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Afrophila Galil, 2009 in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (versus subovate in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B) (versus branchial region smooth in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); adult cheliped merus slender (Figs. 1B, 2B)(versus swollen in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus no tubercle present in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4B); pleonal somites 3–5 narrow (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus very broad in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4B); and G1 straight with a spatuliform apical process (Fig. 5C–G)(versus G1 arched distally with rounded apical process in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 2C). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Atlantolocia Galil, 2009 in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B) (versus subpentagonal in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus branchial region smooth in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); surface of cheliped merus minutely granular (Figs. 1A, 2A)(versus large granules present near proximal margin in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus no tubercle present in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); pleonal somites 3–5 fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus somites 3–6 fused in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); pleonal somite 6 narrow with almost straight lateral margins (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus very broad with convex lateral margins in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); and the G1 shaft is straight with the apical process spatuliform (Fig. 5C–F)(versus G1 coiled twice and distally digitate in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 2D). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Ovilyra Ng, 2021 in that the carapace is only slightly longer than wide (CL/ CW= 1.07–1.1) (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus carapace prominently longer than wide (CL/CW= 1.17–1.26) in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1A, B); the carapace is suborbicular (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus subovate in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the carapace surface is distinctly punctate (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus less so in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the branchial regions have two tuberculated rows (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus with single granulated row in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the lower margin of the hepatic facet lower margin lacks a tooth (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus with broad tooth present on distal one-third in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the posterior margin of carapace is concave (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus almost straight in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the adult male chelipeds are slender (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, D)(versus robust in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1A, 2A); the pollex cutting edge has small teeth of similar sizes (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, D)(versus with large subproximal lobe present followed by small teeth of similar sizesin Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 2A); the thoracic sternum is proportionately much wider (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus proportionately narrow in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); male thoracic sternite 5 has a prominent tubercle on each side of the sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus without tubercle in Ovilyra Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); male pleonal somites 3–5 are fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, 5A)(versus somites 3–6 fused in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); pleonal somite 3 is relatively much wider (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, 5A)(versus only slightly wider in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); and the G1 is slender and straight (Fig. 5C–F) (versus distal quarter sharply bent backwards 120–150° from the longitudinal axis in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 6A, E). Of the 27 species of Philyra sensu lato left untreated by Galil (2009), five species were described from India, including P. alcocki. The first author is revising the taxonomy of Philyra sexangula Alcock, 1896 which together with a new species as well as P. nishihirai Takeda & Nakasone, 1991 and P. taekoae Takeda, 1972 from the western Pacific, will be placed in a new genus (Trivedi et al., in review). Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) will also need to be transferred to a new genus along with P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1955 from Pakistan (Trivedi et al., in preparation). The generic positions of two more species, P. corrallicola Alcock, 1896 and P. malefactrix (Kemp, 1915) are now under study.Published as part of Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N., Mitra, Santanu & Ng, Peter K. L., 2022, Alcolyra, a new genus of leucosiid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from India, pp. 383-392 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 384-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/584372
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