4,825 research outputs found
The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia A Practical Approach to Diagnosis, Classification and Therapy
No full textNeuroendocrine neoplasms comprise a large family of proliferative lesions that involve almost every part of the body. Our understanding of their cells of origin as well as the pathology, pathophysiology and genetics of these neoplasms has made tremendous advances in the last few decades. While they are often discussed as separate entities in textbooks of gastroenteropancreatic pathology and pulmonary pathology, their scope is much broader. The book conveys the similarities and differences of these fascinating tumors that may be found from the hypothalamus and pituitary to the rectum, and in soft tissue as well as in many organs. Written by experts in the field, the authors emphasize their structural, functional, predictive and prognostic features and attempt to provide the clinical context that allows improved diagnosis and therapy while building on the genetics that clarifies patterns of inheritance and predisposition to tumor development through precursor lesions.
The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia provides a broad overview of neuroendocrine neoplasms using a practical approach to diagnosis, histological classification and therapy, and presents the most important and significant developments of the technologies used to diagnose, classify and treat them
Molecular Pathology of Well-Differentiated Gastro-entero-pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
No full textWell differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising in the gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary system are the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms. Studies of the molecular basis of these lesions have identified genetic mutations that predispose to familial endocrine neoplasia syndromes and occur both as germline events and in sporadic tumors. The mutations often involve epigenetic regulators rather than the oncogenes and tumor suppressors that are affected in other malignancies. Somatic copy number alterations and miRNAs have also been implicated in the development and progression of some of these tumors. The molecular profiles differ by location, but many are shared by tumors in other sites, including those outside the gastroenteropancreatic system. The approach to therapy relies on both the neuroendocrine nature of these tumors and the identification of specific alterations that can serve as targets for precision oncologic approaches
Rhabdoid tumor of the thyroid gland: a variant of anaplastic carcinoma
No full textRhabdoid tumor of the thyroid gland is a very rare neoplasm,
characterized by significant metastatic potential. All of the 6 cases reported in the recent literature had poor outcomes. We report an additional case involving, to our knowledge, the oldest patient reported so far. A 67-yearold woman had a nodular goiter for all of her adult life and presented with a rapidly growing mass in the right lobe. Histologic examination showed a highly cellular neoplasm with a solid infiltrative growth pattern. Extracapsular
invasion was evident. Rhabdoid cells were large, with abundant cytoplasm, eosinophilic inclusions, and eccentric nuclei containing distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry
identified vimentin, sarcomeric actin, myoglobin, and cytokeratin expression in the tumor cells; they were negative for desmin, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin. Scattered follicles with nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma were detected; these cells were immunoreactive for thyroglobulin and TTF-1. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 fusion genes identified a RET/PTC3 gene rearrangement in the rhabdoid tumor. Despite radiotherapy, the neoplasm rapidly progressed, with massive local and mediastinal metastasis leading to death 5 months after presentation. The hypothesis that rhabdoid tumor is a variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is supported by the identification of a RET/PTC gene rearrangement, a feature of carcinomas of follicular cell derivation
CR1 Knops blood group alleles are not associated with severe malaria in the Gambia
No full textThe Knops blood group antigen erythrocyte polymorphisms have been associated with reduced falciparum malaria-based in vitro rosette formation (putative malaria virulence factor). Having previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) gene underlying the Knops antithetical antigens Sl1/Sl2 and McC(a)/McC(b), we have now performed genotype comparisons to test associations between these two molecular variants and severe malaria in West African children living in the Gambia. While SNPs associated with Sl:2 and McC(b+) were equally distributed among malaria-infected children with severe malaria and control children not infected with malaria parasites, high allele frequencies for Sl 2 (0.800, 1,365/1,706) and McC(b) (0.385, 658/1706) were observed. Further, when compared to the Sl 1/McC(a) allele observed in all populations, the African Sl 2/McC(b) allele appears to have evolved as a result of positive selection (modified Nei-Gojobori test Ka-Ks/s.e.=1.77, P-valu
Quantum and its irreducible representations
No full textWe define for real a unital -algebra
quantizing the universal enveloping
-algebra of . The -algebra
is realized as a -subalgebra of the
Drinfeld double of and its dual Hopf -algebra
, generated by the equatorial Podle\'s sphere coideal
-subalgebra of and
its associated orthogonal coideal -subalgebra . We then classify all the irreducible
-representations of .Comment: 22 pages; author accepted manuscrip
On the sheaf-theoretic SL(2, C) Casson–Lin invariant
No full textWe prove that the (τ-weighted, sheaf-theoretic) SL(2, C) Casson–Lin invariant introduced by Manolescu and the first author is generically independent of the parameter τ and additive under connected sums of knots in integral homology 3-spheres. This addresses two questions asked by Manolescu and the first author. Our arguments involve a mix of topology and algebraic geometry, and rely crucially on the fact that the SL(2, C) Casson–Lin invariant admits an alternative interpretation via the theory of Behrend functions.</p
Candidatus Rhetoricae (or Novus Candidatus).
No full textThis little book is a find whatever it finally turns out to be! For now it seems to be a Jesuit collegium text in rhetoric following the Progymnasmata of Aphthonius. If one works from the back of the book, there is an apparently independent 48-page work, Angelus Pacis by Nicolas Caussini (Latinized name), S.J. The rest of the book seems to be a commentary on or presentation of Aphthonius' Progymnasmata in 3 parts covering 435 pages, followed by a T of C and an AI, which is often one page off. Pars II is titled Rhetoricae Praecepta, Pars III De Panegyrico seu Laudatione. Pars I seems to be Apparatus ad Fabulam et Narrationem. Fable is handled on 15-31. After the famous Greek definition of Theion done into Latin ( sermo falsus veritatem effingens ), the author distinguishes rational (human) and moral (animal) fables, with mixed fables including both. He holds (19) that the sense of the fable generally needs to be expressed; otherwise people often miss the point of a fable. His Latin for promythium is praefabulatio, for epimythium affabulatio. Apologus and parabola are identical for him with fabula. After describing the qualities and uses of fables, the author presents some nine fables that exemplify various levels of style, twice telling the same stories on two levels (WL and FC). The last example is of the florid style: The Silkworm and the Spider takes four pages to tell! I found this book sitting in a box of disparate, unmarked, old books. It pays to look!This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: Bilingual: Greek/LatinElzevers
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