386 research outputs found
Prospek ekonomi indonesia jangka pendek sumber daya teknologi dan pembangunan/ Arsdjar M. Anwar (dan Faisal H. Basri; Moh. Ikhsan (edt)
No full textxviii, 382 hal.; 21 cm
Prospek ekonomi indonesia jangka pendek sumber daya teknologi dan pembangunan/ Arsdjar M. Anwar; Faisal H. Basri; Moh. Ikhsan (edt)
No full textxviii, 382 hal.; 21 cm
Prospek ekonomi indonesia jangka pendek sumber daya teknologi dan pembangunan/ Arsdjar M. Anwar; Faisal H. Basri; Moh. Ikhsan (edt)
No full textxviii, 382 hal.; 21 cm
A fiscal needs approach to equalization transfers in a decentralized federation
Full text linkThe author reviews the conceptual basis for fiscal equalization transfers, analyzes the theoretical implications for optimal design of equalization transfers, and suggests quantitative approaches for assessing the fiscal needs of subnational governments and determining their entitlement to transfers. The author illustrates proposed methods using data for local and provincial Canadian governments. The proposed methods could be useful tools, he says, for undertaking systematic objective reviews of aggregate and sectoral public spending in developing countries. The author argues that in a decentralized federation, fiscal inefficiencies and inequities arise because of subnational governments'differing levels of ability to provide comparable public services at comparable tax rates. Fiscal equalization transfers that reduce or eliminate differentials in net fiscal benefits create a rare instance in economics when considerations of equity and efficiency coincide. These transfers must allow for differences in the spending needs and revenues-raising abilities of the various subnational governments. The author argues for a two-tiered approach to equalization. The first tier would be a federal responsibility to equalize the burden of federal taxes. The second tier would be an interprovincial equalization fund to be administered by the Council of Provincial Finance Ministers. It would entail a comprehensive equalization system that takes into account provincial spending needs. The standard of equalization would be negotiated.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Environmental Economics&Policies
Fiscal decentralization in developing and transition economies: progress, problems, and the promise
Full text linkThe author discusses the revolution in public sector thinking that is transforming the public sectors of developing and transition countries. Countries are reconsidering their fiscal systems and searching for the right balance between central government control and decentralized governance. Political decentralization has advanced in most countries. Subnational expenditures in developing countries as a percentage of total public expenditures have also increased over the past two decades. However, the process is far from complete. In many countries, the central government is still involved in the delivery of local services, local governments have few sources of own-revenues, local governments have limited access to borrowing for capital projects, and the design of intergovernmental transfers does neither address regional fiscal equity nor convey appropriate incentives for fiscal discipline, improved service delivery performance, and accountability to citizens. Decentralized public governance can help realign public sector incentives through greater accountability to citizens, and attenuate the"democracy deficit"caused by globalization and the role of supranational institutions and regimes. However, this requires careful examination of the entire fiscal system. Elements of a comprehensive package of fiscal system reforms would include: (a) Clarifying roles of various levels of government in public service delivery; (b) Reassigning taxing responsibilities to ensure local revenue autonomy, accountability, and efficiency without endangering an internal common market; (c) Designing fiscal transfers to ensure regional fiscal equity and to create an enabling environment for innovative and competitive service delivery; (d) Facilitating responsible credit market access to subnational governments; (e) Designing institutional arrangements for intergovernmental fiscal relations to better coordinate policies; and (f) Aligning operational capacity with the authorizing environment through the"accountability for results"framework of public management.National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies
Newspaper Clippings on the Current Crisis
No full textThis collection includes:
Schurmann, F. (1990, November 21). Long-term cycle theory suggests looming depression. Newspaper clipping. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Lever, H. (1982, September 24). International banking\u27s house of cards. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1982, March 31). Business failures spreading. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Petzinger, T. Jr. (1982, May 24). Bankruptcy wave: Business failures hit post-depression high; tide expected to swell. The Wall Street Journal. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1983, July 5). Poor nations\u27 debts posing a threat to richer countries. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Magazine clipping. (1981, October 26). A history of failure. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Karmin, M. W. (1982, June 14). Do bankruptcies foretell a financial crash? U.S. News & World Report. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Time. (1982, April 26). A rising tide of bankruptcies. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
U.S. News & World Report. (1981, November 30). Companies going broke—How big a danger? Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Train, J. (1982, April 2). The 1930s again? Forbes. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Karmin, M. (1982, May 3). Business failures—A new wave to come? U.S. News & World Report. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Frank, A. D. (1982, May 24). Rush to reform. Forbes. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Egan, J. (1982, October 25). Banks on the brink. New York. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Quint, M., Sterngold, J., & Cole, R. J. (1990, August 23). Bank woes climbing in Northeast; Japan financial sector faces sharp reverses; Stocks fall sharply as oil surges. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Labaton, S. (1991, January 10). Regulators are glum on outlook. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Rochelle, W. J. (1990, November 29). What recession? It\u27s a depression. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1982, September 1). Economic scene: Capitalism and crises. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, April 21). Financial collapse, bad loans, and worldwide decline in profitability [Handwritten notes for presentation, Hamburg]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1983, February 28). Other facts on U.S. versus other DCC\u27s [Handwritten notes comparing labor costs, social spending, taxes, and military spending]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, November 7). Reagan years: 1980–84 [Handwritten outline covering economic boom 1982–1984]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, April). Reduction of workweek as response to current crisis (Hamburg) [Paper discussing fall in profitability, labor, poverty, and Reaganism]. Manuscript in possession of author.
The New York Times. (1982, October 17). Family feuds [Political cartoon]. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Lewis, F. (1982, October 17). European slump tumbles leaders left and right. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Malabre Jr., A. L. (1980, April 8). Dangerous debt. The Wall Street Journal. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Bradsher, K. (1995, October 27). Widest gap in incomes? Research points to U.S. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1995, September 15). Bankruptcies rise in Japan. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
BusinessWeek. (1984, October 29). Behind the banking turmoil. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1985, February 20). Economic scene: Expansion\u27s shaky base. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Kristof, N. D. (1985, July 30). Peru debt-payment cap is an important symbol. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1986, May 25). Concern over future of Mexico growing in U.S. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1986, June 10). Renewed respect for family companies\u27 traditional values. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Stockton, W. (1986, June 10). Peso value falls amid uncertainty on Mexico\u27s debt. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Wiggins, P. H. (1990, February 27). Wall Street weathers Japan jolt. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Fuerbringer, J. (1990, February 27). Why world shrugged off Tokyo\u27s stock tumble. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Bartlett, S. (1989, July 24). U.S. efforts to aid debtor nations bring \u27profound disappointment\u27. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Kilborn, P. T. (1989, July 24). U.S., Mexico and banks appear to be near to reaching agreement. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1990, November 11). Why it\u27s too soon to predict another Great Depression. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1990, November 11). Taking the pulse of an ailing economy [Graphic showing recessions and GNP, 1960–1990]. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Arenson, K. W. (1982, July 8). The erosion of American industry. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD
Clipping of Handouts
No full textThis collection includes:
• Krüger, M. (n.d.). Einmal einfach [Book cover]. Publisher information unavailable.
• American Economic Association. (2010–2011). 125th anniversary economists calendar. American Economic Association.
• Hanzel, I., & Shaikh, A. (2012, January 2). Correspondence regarding Measuring the wealth of nations. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Measuring the wealth of nations [Enclosed pages]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 57(2). (1989, June). Basil Blackwell.
• Shaikh, A. (2008, November 13). Comments on neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production : An alternative approach by Peter Flaschel, Reiner Franke, Roberto Veneziani, and Anwar Shaikh. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Flaschel, P., Franke, R., Veneziani, R., & Shaikh, A. (2008, November 12). Neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production: An alternative approach [Annotated manuscript]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Handwritten note with equation for AC17. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, November 4). Letter to Anwar Shaikh regarding the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Caspari, V. (2008, October 2). Invitation to Anwar Shaikh for academic congress in honor of Bertram Schefold. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, October 8). Letter and participant list for the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
The new fiscal federalism in Brazil
Full text linkBrazil is a three-tiered federation of 24 states, two federal territories, a federal district, and 4,300 municipalities. In 1989 less than half of all government spending was controlled by the federal government. Brazil's new constitution gave autonomous broad powers to states and municipalities on certain tax and spending functions, with municipalities independent of and coequal to states. This paper reviews and analyzes the intergovernmental fiscal relations in Brazil and finds that: (a) federal and state governments are involved in purely local functions in an uncoordinated fashion; (b) the administration of sales tax by all three levels creates duplication and confusion; (c) administration of the general value-added tax by the state involves unresolved issues about tax crediting on interstate trade; (d) the state and municipal revenue-sharing funds do not distribute revenues fairly and equitably; (e) conditional transfers are arbitrary and driven primarily by political considerations; and (f) revenue-sharing constrains the federal government's ability to fulfill its mandate as a national government and is conducive to fiscal mismanagement. In short, the paper concludes that fiscal arrangements have created a vertical fiscal imbalance. The author presents policy options to resolve these problems.National Governance,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Regional Governance
Corporate tax structure and production
Full text linkThe authors provide an empirical framework for assessing the effects of tax policy on an array of producer decisions about output supplies and input demands in Mexico, Pakistan, and Turkey. They specify and estimate a dynamic production structure model with imperfect competition for selected industries in these countries. The model results suggest that tax policy affected production and investment and further that selective tax incentives such as investment tax credits, investment allowances, and accelerated capital consumption (depreciation) allowances are more cost effective at promoting investment than more general tax incentives such as corporate tax rate reductions. The long run cost effectiveness of these incentives - except corporate tax rate reductions, which proved cost ineffective in all cases - varies by country. In Turkey, investment allowances and capital consumption allowances were cost effective. In Mexico, neither investment tax credits nor accelerated capital consumption allowances were cost effective. In contrast, in Pakistan, both investment tax credits and accelerated capital consumption allowances were cost effective. In the intermediate run, defined as tax policy impact after one year, only the investment allowances and accelerated capital consumption allowances available to Turkish industries proved cost effective. To make selective tax incentives more effective, investmenttax credits must be refundable and carrying forward investment depreciation allowances must be permitted. If stimulating investment expenditure is the sole objective of tax policy, reducing the corporate tax rate is not a cost effective instrument to achieve this objective.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform
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