205,358 research outputs found
Hippasa haryanensis Arora & Monga 1994
No full textHippasa haryanensis Arora & Monga, 1994, nomen nudum Hippasa haryanensis Arora & Monga, 1994: 74, figs 5–8 (♂ ♀). Type material. Holotype ♀ from INDIA: Haryana: Hisar: Pigeon pea fields at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, 28 August 1989, P. Arora leg., repository unknown (no register number specified), not examined. Paratypes 10 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀, with the same data as holotype except 15 July 1989, 28 August 1989 and 20 September 1989, not examined. Allotype 1 ♂, with the same data as holotype, not examined. Remarks. We were unable to examine the types of this species as no information is available about its repository (Arora & Monga 1994), and thus should be considered nomen nudum in the terms of art. 16.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). The original description and genitalic illustrations of this smallsized species (body length: male 5.52, female 6.45) are poor and insufficiently informative to recognize it (Arora & Monga 1994: figs 5, 8). The original description of the female mentions that the sternum lacks the mid-longitudinal band (Arora & Monga 1994), indicating it may not be a member of Hippasa. Moreover, the median epigynal septum illustrated for this species (Arora & Monga 1994: fig. 8) indicates that it may be a member of either Ovia Sankaran, Malamel & Sebastian, 2017 or Trochosa C.L. Koch, 1847. The novelty and taxonomic placement of this species remain unchallenged until examination of its types or topotype specimens.Published as part of SANKARAN, PRADEEP M. & CALEB, JOHN T. D., 2023, Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae), pp. 101-152 in Zootaxa 5230 (2) on pages 144-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/755494
Dausara pamirensis Arora & Mandal 1974
No full text<p> <b> 289. <i>Dausara pamirensis</i> Arora & Mandal, 1974: 29, fig. 1</b> </p> <p>Type locality: India, Arunachal Pradesh (Nefa), Subansiri Dist., Pamir, 564 m</p> <p>Distribution. Indian records: Pamir (Arunachal Pradesh), Shillong (Meghalaya) (Arora & Mandal 1974). Global records: unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Singh, Navneet, Ranjan, Rahul, Talukdar, Avishek, Joshi, Rahul, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Chandra, Kailash & Mally, Richard, 2022, A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera), pp. 1-423 in Zootaxa 5197 (1)</i> on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7252292">http://zenodo.org/record/7252292</a>
Human capital and the Indian software industry
No full textThough previous studies have noted the role of skilled labor in the growth of the Indian software industry, they have not empirically investigated its importance. In this study we study the effect of the supply of engineers, measured by engineering baccalaureate capacity, on the regional growth of the software exports between 1990 and 2003. We find significant effect of engineering baccalaureate capacity on the growth of software exports even after controlling for other relevant factors. This conclusion is especially interesting because much of this capacity is due to private, rather than publicly supported colleges, and testifies to the private willingness to invest in human capital even in poor countries.
A Breath of Fresh Air? Firm Type, Scale, Scope, and Selection Effects in Drug Development
No full textThis paper compares the innovation performance of established pharmaceutical firms and biotech companies, controlling for differences in the scale and scope of research. We develop a structural model to analyze more than 3,000 drug research and development projects advanced to preclinical and clinical trials in the United States between 1980 and 1994. Key to our approach is careful attention to the issue of selection. Firms choose which compounds to advance into clinical trials. This choice depends not only on the technical promise of the compound, but also on commercial considerations such as the expected profitability of the market or concerns about product cannibalization. After controlling for selection, we find that (a) even after controlling for scale and scope in research, established pharmaceutical firms are more innovative than newly entered biotech firms; (b) older biotech firms display selection behaviors and innovation performances similar to established pharmaceutical firms; and (c) compounds licensed during preclinical trials are as likely to succeed as internal compounds of the licensor, which is inconsistent with the "lemons" hypothesis in technology markets.firm capabilities, drug development process, market for technology
Retinal toxicities of systemic anticancer drugs
No full textNewer anticancer drugs have revolutionized cancer treatment in the last decade, but conventional chemotherapy still occupies a central position in many cancers, with combination therapy and newer methods of delivery increasing their efficacy while minimizing toxicities. We discuss the retinal toxicities of anticancer drugs with an emphasis on the mechanism of toxicity. Uveitis is seen with the use of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B editing anticancer inhibitors as well as immunotherapy. Most of the cases are mild with only anterior uveitis, but severe cases of posterior uveitis, panuveitis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like disease may also occur. In the retina, a transient neurosensory detachment is observed in almost all patients on mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Microvasculopathy is often seen with interferon α, but vascular occlusion is a more serious toxicity caused by interferon α and MEK inhibitors. Crystalline retinopathy with or without macular edema may occur with tamoxifen; however, even asymptomatic patients may develop cavitatory spaces seen on optical coherence tomography. A unique macular edema with angiographic silence is characteristic of taxanes. Delayed dark adaptation has been observed with fenretinide. Interestingly, this drug is finding potential application in Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration
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