11 research outputs found
Screening and pool deconvolution ELISPOTs.
No full text<p><b>Screening: a</b>) and <b>b</b>) are bar graphs of primary screening results from two newly diagnosed T1D subjects. Panel a) is subject ND2, panel b) is subject ND3. Each bar represents the IFNγ spot number for an individual cultured ELISPOT well stimulated with a single minigene pool. Red line indicates 5× standard deviations of wells stimulated with mock transfected autologous B cells. Red circles indicate three wells that scored positive in both screens. <b>Deconvolution c</b>) and <b>d</b>): cultured IFNγ ELISPOT assays testing ND2-derived CD8+ T cell responses against individual minigenes from <b>c</b>) pool 85 and <b>d</b>) pool 308. Individual minigenes were amplified using minigene specific primers. Subsequent PCR reactions added T7 and common sequences, and full length individual minigenes were rebuilt and tested as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029949#pone-0029949-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. Targeted minigenes encode 33 residue peptides displayed in red. <b>Peptide epitope mapping e</b>) and <b>f</b>): Direct IFNγ ELISPOT assays testing overlapping 15 residue peptides from GLIPR1 and EpCAM minigenes targeted in b) and c). Peptides were tested in triplicate using a direct 24 hour IFNγ ELISPOT assay with 1×10<sup>5</sup> CD8+ T cells/well. Purple residues indicate non-antigen derived sequences encoded by minigene flanking sequences. Red residues indicate 9 residue peptide epitope identified in subsequent epitope mapping experiments.</p
Temperature and Snowfall in Western Queen Maud Land Increasing Faster Than Climate Model Projections
No full textEast Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) mass balance is largely driven by snowfall. Recently, increased snowfall in Queen Maud Land led to years of EAIS mass gain. It is difficult to determine whether these years of enhanced snowfall are anomalous or part of a longer-term trend, reducing our ability to assess the mitigating impact of snowfall on sea level rise. We determine that the recent snowfall increases in western Queen Maud Land (QML) are part of a long-term trend (+5.2 ± 3.7% decade-1) and are unprecedented over the past two millennia. Warming between 1998 and 2016 is significant and rapid (+1.1 ± 0.7°C decade-1). Using these observations, we determine that the current accumulation and temperature increases in QML from an ensemble of global climate simulations are too low, which suggests that projections of the QML contribution to sea level rise are potentially overestimated with a reduced mitigating impact of enhanced snowfall in a warming world
Topical application of JHA to dl leads to a supernumerary instar.
No full text<p><b>a</b>. normal 5<sup>th</sup> instar larva that was treated with acetone. <b>b</b>. 6<sup>th</sup> supernumerary instar larva that was treated with JHA on the 4<sup>th</sup> day of the 4<sup>th</sup> instar.</p
Results of topical Juvenile Hormone analogue (JHA) application on larval cuticle brightness (B-value) in the fifth instar and on the length of the fourth instar.
No full text<p>F statistics represent results from Analysis of Variance to test for significant differences across experimental and control treatments in larval color and development time. Experiment; experiment number. DTI; developmental interval when JHA was applied. A ctrl; Acetone control. N; numbers treated. JHA; experimental groups treated with JHA. HCA; time of head cap apolysis.</p
Method of measuring the cuticle brightness value (B-value) of caterpillars.
No full text<p><b>a.</b> 5th instar dl. <b>b</b>. 5<sup>th</sup> instar wt. Both original images have been separated from the background using the “lasso” tool, averaged using the “average” tool, and then converted to gray scale in Adobe Photoshop.</p
Representative photographs of larval families from the three types of cross.
No full text<p>Columns represent siblings from the same family and rows represent the same individual photographed as a 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> instar, as a prepupa (pp) and as a pupa (p).</p
Light microscope and TEM imaging of dl and wt cuticles.
No full text<p><b>a,b.</b> Light micrograph of the dorsal cuticle of a fifth instar wt (a) and dl (b) larvae showing darkly pigmented bristles and star-like structures with concentrated pigmentation. <b>c,d</b>. TEM micrograph of dorsal cuticle of fifth instar wt (c) and dl (d) showing a star-like structure containing a homogeneous layer of diffuse pigment that is darker in dl (d).</p
Graphical representation of B-values of offspring from three types of parental cross.
No full text<p><b>a.</b> Average B-values (± SD) of offspring from three types of parental cross. Each cross is represented by five families arranged vertically by instar. <b>b.</b> Scatter plot to show overlap and spread of B-values for individuals from the families of the three types of parental cross.</p
Analyses of variance comparing cuticle brightness (average B-values) between dl homozygotes, heterozygotes, and wt homozygotes across 4 larval instars.
No full text<p>N = total number of individuals measured.</p
