155,298 research outputs found
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Ariel Dorfman
No full textForced to flee Chile after the military coup in 1973, Ariel Dorfman has focused his writing on the trials of tyranny and exile. This program looks at how he has fought for human rights as a novelist, playwright, essayist, journalist, and professor of literature and Latin American studies. Many of the works of this multi-genre author are examined, including Death and the Maiden, his successful play which was turned into an international film by Academy Award-winning director Roman Polanski
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The cost and performance of paid agricultural extension services : the case of agricultural technology transfer in Nicaragua
No full textBudgets for extension services have been reduced in many countries. One response to these reductions in public services in some countries has been to privatize extension services - with extension services provided for a fee, by either public agencies or private companies. Under the new approach, producers become clients instead of beneficiaries. The authors examine ways to measure the cost of providing paid-extension services and its performance and apply these indicators to data on Nicaragua, where paid extension has existed for several years. Data were insufficient to compare the quality of privately and publicly provided extension services, but available data suggest that the costs of extension have declined over time. Results suggest that paid extension is feasible and has a positive impact, even in a relatively poor country such as Nicaragua. The national system for agricultural technology-transfer services was redesigned to include three main modules: mass media and free demonstrations; cofinanced extension services; and private extension services. The relatively high cost recovery rates in Nicaragua and the economic performance of the two paid programs show that even poor farmers are willing to pay for a service that improves their economic efficiency and ability to earn a living. To the surprise of everyone involved, Nicaragua's producer clients understood that without cost-sharing, the system would not endure.ICT Policy and Strategies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Environmental Economics&Policies,Enterprise Development&Reform,Montreal Protocol,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators,General Technology
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Testing the Ariel exoplanet space observatory
No full textAriel is an ESA mission that will use the transit spectroscopy method to observe the atmospheres’ of ~1000 exoplanets. Ariel is a 1 m class cryogenic space telescope that will be placed in a halo orbit around the Earth-Sun L2 point. To detect atmospheric molecular absorption features, Ariel will produce medium-resolution spectra (R ≥ 15) using three spectroscopic channels covering 1.1 – 7.9 µm as well as having photometric channels covering 0.5 – 1.1 µm. The technical driver for Ariel, though, is the photometric stability. This is to enable the detection of atmospheric spectral features that are a signal of tens of ppm relative to the host star. Ariel, therefore, aims to have tens of ppm stability over long (10 hr) timescales.
To achieve Ariel’s science goals, the payload requires detailed calibration and performance verification. The testing of the integrated Ariel payload will be the subject of this work. The ground calibration of the Ariel payload will take place in 2026 in the 5m vacuum chamber at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory’s space instruments test facility. The payload will be enclosed in a Cryogenic Test Rig (CTR), to provide a space-like (35 K) thermal environment. During the cryogenic vacuum testing, the payload will be illuminated by the Optical Ground Support Equipment (OGSE). The OGSE used to calibrate the payload is being developed by a team led by Oxford University and the University of Lisbon.
The author joined the project just before mission adoption. The thesis was submitted just after the completion of the payload Preliminary Design Review (pPDR). The work completed in this thesis focused, therefore, on performance simulation, requirement derivation and design of the OGSE system. In this thesis, many of the key performance parameters will be derived. It will be shown how these parameters have shaped the OGSE system from an architectural level down to the detailed design.
To define the performance parameters of the OGSE, the calibration observation modes must be defined. Methods were, therefore, defined to show how the OGSE can be used to perform the payload-level calibration of Ariel. End-to-end radiometric simulations were also provided to simulate the focal plane signal when the payload is illuminated in the various calibration modes of the OGSE.
The photometric stability and dark current tests were identified as particular drivers for the OGSE design. The need for dark testing of the payload was used to derive the thermal requirements for the system. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was then used to assess the thermal performance of the OGSE system, and thus enable low-background testing of the payload (<1 e-pix-1s-1 ). The other performance driver identified was the photometric stability test. End-to-end time-domain simulations of this test were performed to derive the required performance of OGSE flux monitoring systems. OGSE monitoring detector candidates were then assessed to demonstrate these could be used to verify the stability of the payload.
Alignment during ground testing was discovered to be a critical technical risk to the OGSE system. It will be shown how monitoring alignment from ambient to cryogenic temperatures led to a major redesign of the OGSE architecture. Moreover, Ariel’s tiny field of view (~30’’) leads to extreme (arcsecond) alignment maintenance requirements. An alignment monitoring system will be presented, built and verified, to enable the closed-loop monitoring required to keep the OGSE spot within the payloads’ spectrometer slits
Corneal Biomechanics
No full textThe corne a is the first and mos t powe rful refrac tive surface of the optical syst em of 6 the eye. 7 The produc tion of an accur ate image in the ret inal rece ptors requires the cornea 8 to be transpa rent and have a suitabl e refractive po wer [ 1 ? 3 ]. 9 The struct ural integr ity o f the corne a can be altered in the CR modify ing its 10 refrac tive prope rties. These procedure s have been develop ed emp irically without 11 detailed kno wledge of corneal behavior . 12 Measuri ng the change in corneal shape has been available in the past d ecade 13 through com puterized analysis of the reflec tion of photo keratos copic ring surface of 14 the cornea (corneal topog rapher). 15 Little is know n about the behavio r of the internal structure of the corne a. 16 Altho ugh the ult rastructu re was analyzed by elect ron micro scopy, the rol e of each 17 one of the layers has not been examined in detail. We shall see below attempt s to 18 define such roles, which still need further anal ysis. 19 The tools to measur e and under stand these proce sses ari se from mechani cal 20 engineer ing and have been used in othe r medica l specialties , such as o rthopedics, 21 which evaluates quantitative ly the require ments of the prosthes is. Many of these 22 methods are not suitable for soft tissue such as the corne a, but the general princi ples 23 can be appl ied.Fil: Guarnieri, Fabio Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentin
- …
