18 research outputs found
Identification and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococci isolated from cottage cheese (ayib) and yoghurt (ergo) in selected districts of jimma zone, Ethiopia
No full textStaphylococci are the main cause of food borne intoxication and food borne outbreaks
worldwide due to its ubiquity and ability to persist and grow under various conditions. A crosssectional study was carried out between the periods of May 2014 to March 2015 with the aims to
investigate the occurrence of Staphylococcus, determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus and
evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates from cottage cheese (Ayib) and
yoghurt (Ergo) collected from selected districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Identification of the
staphylococci was undertaken using Gram's staining, catalase, sugar fermentation and coagulase
tests on 400 samples (cottage cheese = 200, yoghurt = 200) collected by simple random sampling
technique. The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus in this study was found to be 14.3% with a
specific prevalence of 22% in cottage cheese and 6.5% in yoghurt. The difference on the
prevalence of staphylococci between cottage cheese and yoghurt was found to be statistically
significant (P<0.05). Four species of staphylococci were identified and their prevalence was
confirmed to be 5%, 3.5%, 3.3% and 5.8% for S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. hyicus and coagulase
negative staphylococci respectively. The specific prevalences in cheese and yoghurt for each
species respectively were 7% and 3% (S.aureus), 5.5% and 1.5% (S. intermedius), 4% and 2.5%
(S. hyicus), and 9.5% and 2% (coagulase negative staphylococci). The identification results
showed that the contamination of cottage cheese with staphylococcus was more likely to occur
than yoghurt (OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 2.1-7.8). The disc diffusion assay of 70 isolates against five
biogram revealed the highest resistance to penicillin G (65.7%) followed by tetracycline
(41.4%), streptomycin (37.1%), gentamycin (35.7%) and kanamycin (28.6%). A large proportion
of the isolates (87.1%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The staphylococci found in
cottage cheese and yoghurt was could be due to traditional methods of milking, handling,
preparing, storing, selling and hygienic status of the personnel. The high antimicrobial resistance
of the staphylococcal isolate observed might be due to indiscriminate use of the drug at the study
area. Hence, sanitary measures and awareness creations are needed to improve the hygienic
conditions of cheese and yoghurt from farm-to-table continuum as well as proper use of
antimicrobials in order to guarantee the health and quality of these highly popular products
A Review on Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
No full textFoodborne diseases are of major concern worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common foodborne diseases in both humans and animals globally, resulting from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed in food by enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci, mainly S. aureus. Staphylococci survive desiccation and tolerate high levels of salt. Staphylococcal cells are destroyed by heat but if they have already produced enterotoxins in a food, the toxins will survive approved doses of irradiation and some thermal processes, including pasteurization. Any food that provides a good medium for the growth of staphylococci may be implicated in this type of foodborne illness. The foods involved in different countries vary with the diet as well as the local conditions. Staphylococcal toxins could be used as a biological agent (bioterrorist attack). Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, retching, Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and prostration and in more severe cases, headache, muscle cramping, and transient changes in blood pressure and pulse rate may occur. The enterotoxins are identified by specific antibodies, which are the basis of the detection methods. There is no effective long term decolonization therapy for S. aureus carrier. Keywords: Enterotoxin, Foodborne, Staphylococci, Food poisoning, S. aureu
Improving Quality of Service of Border Gateway Protocol Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network of EthioTelecom Service Level Agreements
No full textPrevalence of abomasal nematodes in sheep and goats slaughtered at Haramaya municipal abattoir, eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia
No full textThe study was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 in Haramaya district, eastern Hararghe zone of Oromiya region, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of small ruminants slaughtered at Haramaya municipal abattoir. During the study period a total of 384 abomasums of small ruminants (181 sheep and 203 goats) were examined. Three genera of nematodes were identified in both sheep and goats abomasa with overall prevalence of 95.8%. The prevalence in sheep and goats were 94.5% and 97% respectively. The prevalence in both animal species was 85.7% Haemonchus contortus, 82.3% Trichostrongylus axei and 79.9% Teladorsagia. The specific prevalence observed were 90% for Haemonchus contortus, 75.7 % for Trichostrongylus axei, and 80.7 % for Teladorsagia spp. in sheep and 81.8 % for Haemonchus contortus, 88.2 % for Trichostrongylus axei and 79.3 % for Teladorsagia spp. in goats. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in nematode species except Teladorsagia species was observed. There was no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) among the risk factors of age and sex considered in relation to the prevalence of abomasal nematodes. Generally, a high infection rate of small ruminants with abomasal nematodes was observed during the study period. Keywords: Small ruminants, Abomasal nematodes, Prevalence, Haramaya, Abattoi
Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Staphylococci Isolated From Cottage Cheese (Ayib) and Yoghurt (Ergo) in Selected Districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia
No full textPrevalence of abomasal nematodes in sheep and goats slaughtered at Haramaya municipal abattoir, eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia
No full textThe study was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 in Haramaya district, eastern Hararghe zone of
Oromiya region, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of
small ruminants slaughtered at Haramaya municipal abattoir. During the study period a total of 384 abomasums
of small ruminants (181 sheep and 203 goats) were examined. Three genera of nematodes were identified in
both sheep and goats abomasa with overall prevalence of 95.8%. The prevalence in sheep and goats were
94.5% and 97% respectively. The prevalence in both animal species was 85.7% Haemonchus contortus, 82.3%
Trichostrongylus axei and 79.9% Teladorsagia. The specific prevalence observed were 90% for Haemonchus
contortus, 75.7 % for Trichostrongylus axei, and 80.7 % for Teladorsagia spp. in sheep and 81.8 % for
Haemonchus contortus, 88.2 % for Trichostrongylus axei and 79.3 % for Teladorsagia spp. in goats.
Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in nematode species except Teladorsagia species was observed.
There was no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) among the risk factors of age and sex considered in
relation to the prevalence of abomasal nematodes. Generally, a high infection rate of small ruminants with
abomasal nematodes was observed during the study period
The Prevalence of Mange Infestations in Small Ruminants in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textA cross-sectional study of small ruminant’s mange mites was conducted in the three agro-ecological zones of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia from November 2011-April 2012. The study aimed to determine the mange mite prevalence and to identify the main species infesting small ruminants. A total of 300 small ruminants (155 goats and 145 sheep) were examined for mange mite infestation, by using simple random sampling method. From these, 14 animals (9 goats with the prevalence of 5.8% and 5 sheep with the prevalence of 3.45%) were positive for mange mites with the overall prevalence of 4.67%. The species of mange mites identified in the current study were Sarcoptes (2.67%), Demodex (1.33%), and mixed (Sarcoptes and Demodex) 0.67%. The prevalence of Sarcoptes was higher in goats and in lowland than in sheep and midlands and highlands. However, the prevalence of mange mites across risk factors like agro-ecology, sex, species, age group, body conditions and body sites was not statistically significantly different (p>0.05). Keywords: Agro-ecology, Goat, Mite, Prevalence, Sheep, Wolaita
Author Correction: Genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Striga hermonthica resistance in pearl millet
No full textAuthor Correction: genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Striga hermonthica resistance in pearl millet
No full textThe Horn of Africa and Italy: Colonial, Postcolonial and Transnational Cultural Encounters
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