169,953 research outputs found
Le strategie di relativizzazione nelle lingue cinesi moderne in sincronia e in diacronia
No full textExemplar-based compounds: the case of Chinese
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate a specific naming strategy, which is based on compounding and exemplification, examining data from Chinese. We will focus on what we will label ‘exemplar-based compounds’, i.e. compounds consisting of at least one lexeme denoting an exemplar of the category referred to by the whole compound. We propose that ‘exemplar-based’ compounds in Chinese be divided into two macro-types: (1) [EXEMPLAR1-EXEMPLAR2]CATEGORY, in which the exemplars may or may not exhaustively list the members of the category denoted by the compound (e.g. dāoqiāng ‘sword-spear, sword and spear > ‘swords, spears and similar things = weapons’); (2) [EXEMPLAR-CLASS]CATEGORY, in which the first constituent exemplifies the class denoted by the second one; this type includes compounds in which the second constituent is a classifier (e.g. niǎozhī ‘bird’, chuánzhī ‘ship’, with zhī ‘CLF’). After a detailed discussion of exemplar-driven category naming and of compounding and classifiers in Chinese, we will present the results of a corpus-based study, based on data of Premodern and Modern Chinese. We will show how the exemplar-driven abstraction characterising these constructions evolved into systematic reference to a category and to its individual items, revealing a change from a procedural category construction to a naming concept label
La diversità linguistica
No full textLe lingue del mondo, secondo il calcolo aggiornato di Ethnologue (www.ethnologue.com), sono 7.102, anche se non tutte godono di ottima salute. La proprietà strutturali che le caratterizzano mostrano una variazione non casuale, come emerso dall’ultimo cinquantennio di studi tipologici, al punto che è oggi possibile individuare alcuni comportamenti prevedibili e ricorrenti, se non addirittura ‘universali’ e presenti in tutte le lingue. Tuttavia, il modo in cui le lingue posso variare resta sorprendente e resta il dato che, più ancora delle somiglianze osservate, conduce a inseguire nuovi interrogativi di ricerca.
Lo scopo di questo libro è proprio aprire una finestra su tale diversità linguistica, mostrando quanto e come ciò che siamo soliti osservare da una prospettiva eurocentrica possa improvvisamente apparire raro e strano, se confrontato con lingue distanti genealogicamente e geograficamente. Vedremo che esistono lingue senza ‘e’ e senza ‘o’, lingue che indicano il tempo passato e futuro sui nomi, o che non distinguono tra verbi e aggettivi. Mostreremo come i modi a cui siamo soliti ricorrere, come l’indicativo o il condizionale, vengono tradotti in certe lingue in sistemi binari che parlano di realtà e irrealtà, e come esistano lingue con determinanti specifici che distinguono tra oggetti con una superficie piatta, oggetti cilindrici e strumenti. Proporremo una rivisitazione del concetto di ‘esotico’, alla luce della aumentata e sempre crescente accessibilità a dati di lingue distanti, che diventano oggi più velocemente e facilmente lingue vicine.
Intendiamo condurre il lettore in un percorso attraverso aree diverse della grammatica, per esplorare la complessità e varietà dei modi in cui le stesse funzioni si possono realizzare, con la speranza di suscitare stupore e curiosità verso la linguistica e lingue
The role of regional food festivals for destination branding: A critical review of the literature
No full textThe cultural dimension of event management
No full textThere is much evidence that event management is being recognised as a significant sector of the international tourism and leisure industries. While event management research is increasingly international, there is a paucity of research on the cultural dimensions of event management. Considering that event management activity is commissioned by different cultural groups and events increasingly cross cultural boundaries, it is imperative that event management professionals broaden their understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of different cultures
The on-line construction of meaning in Mandarin Chinese: focus on relative clauses
No full textMandarin Chinese employs a fairly wide range of constructions to encode categories, and specifically ad hoc categories. These include, for instance, a general extender as 等等 děng(děng) ‘etc., and so on’, non-exhaustive connectives as 啊 ā...啊 ā (see Zhang 2008), exemplifying constructions, and so on. In this paper, I focus on the use of a specific strategy of on-line category construction in Chinese, namely postnominal relative clauses (RCs). Postnominal RCs are particularly interesting since in Mandarin Chinese, as in nearly every Sinitic language, normally all modifiers (including RCs) appear before the head noun; it has been proposed that postnominal RCs are always added as afterthoughts, to resolve a potentially ambiguous reference, or just to narrow down the scope of predication (see Wang & Wu 2020). I conduct a manual search of postnominal RCs in excerpts of transcribed spoken dialogue from the National Broadcast Media Language Corpus, and I propose an analysis of the use of postnominal RCs as devices for on-line categorization, focussing on their interaction with other strategies for category-building. I also discuss the pragmatic and functional correlates of the use of postnominal RCs, as opposed to canonical, prenominal RCs
What is linguistic diversity?
No full textLinguistic diversity has become a hot topic in linguistic research, and a core issue for policy makers and organisations; however, public discourse of linguistic diversity does not normally involve a critical definition of diversity itself. The aim of this article is then to propose a ' deconstruction ' of the notion of linguistic diversity. Starting from a detailed discussion of the very notion of ' diversity ', we will explore the ways in which languages may differ at all levels, focussing on the tension between cross-linguistic trends and variation. We will then discuss the implications of linguistic diversity for language users, and we will tackle the issue of the quantifiability of diversity. Lastly, we will provide an overview of the contributions in this issue
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