130,529 research outputs found
La Shoah e la disputa tra intenzionalismo e funzionalismo. A proposito di un recente libro di Hans Mommse
No full textAfter a brief review of the main interpretatives trends of Shoah, the article underlines how, although the Mommsen’s study shows well the articulate realization of the extermination of the jews, nevertheless it doesn’t explain clearly the link between Shoah and Nazi ideology. The author asserts infact that in the Mommsen’s work is completely underestimated the fundamental role of Nazi ideology and its aspect of secular religion to understand the extermination of the jews. Using again the George L. Mosse’s thesis, the author argues that Nazism seized the power thanks to its messianic ideology, which considered the reality like an apocalyptical struggle between the Good (the Nazi ideology) and the Evil (the Jewish race). Therefore the fate of the jews was marked since 1933 and the war provided the background to realize the final reckonin
George L. Mosse e gli storici italiani: il problema della "nazionalizzazione delle masse"
No full textThe article reconstructs the reception of the Mosse’s book The Nationalization of the Masses in Italy starting from its publication in 1975. The author underlines how the arguments of the book, were overlooked and refused, until the second half of the ’80s, by a great part of Italian historians as an attempt of rehabilitation of Fascism. On the contrary, its importance and its originality were immediatly understood by Renzo De Felice and the group of young scholars bound to the journal «Storia contemporanea». The article shows how, from the end of the ’80s, Mosse’s book was progressively rediscovered, becoming fashionable and influencing the research about Fascism, sacralization of politics and invention of tradition. Nevertheless the author argues that, although this growing success, Mosse’s reception remained partly ambivalen
Razzismo e antisemitismo: segni della modernità ambivalente
No full textThe article analyzes Niccolò Zapponi’s interpretation of the nature, the spread and the
roots of the seduction of racist and anti-Semitic myths in contemporary Europe. The author
underlines how, thanks to the influence of several scholars’ works, Zapponi considered the
myths of the race and the myths and prejudices against the Jews as tools able to clarify
broader tendencies in contemporary age. In his opinion, they revealed the rootedness in modern
culture of a general mentality pervaded by a deep sense of religious and apocalyptical
myth, both needed by the Europeans in order to give a sense and an accurate order to the
upsetting transformations produced by modernity. In this way, the author argues that Zapponi
was able to connect his work with some of the most original historiographical tendencies oriented
to analyze and understand the myths with the emergence of mass politics and to show
the palingenetic and ambivalent nature of modernit
Renzo De Felice e la recente storiografia italiana
No full textThis article discusses the reception of Renzo De Felice's work in Italian historiography in recent
years. In particular, the author discusses the opinions that arose after De Felice's passing and the
publishing of his last book about Mussolini. Indeed, the reviews published at these two times show
a synthesis between some of the main interpretative trends that have become widespread since
the 1970s, and those that were to dominate the debate in the years to follow. The article shows
that even today, De Felice's work remains difficult for many Italian historians to truly understand.
In the author's opinion, a sort of traditional, preconceived position, both for or against De Felice's
work. still persists in Italian historiography. But, above all, a new historiographical conformism has
spread that, while paying many generic tributes to De Felice's research, deletes all the
methodological and interpretative differences. In this way, De Felice's work ends up being
decontextualized, simplified and trivialized
The myth of 'Christian Rome' and the Institute of Roman Studies: An attempted synthesis of fascism and catholicism
No full textThe article offers a close reading of the numerous initiatives promoted by the Institute of Roman Studies, an institution operating in synergy with the political culture and imperial ambitions of the fascist regime by supporting and influencing its rhetoric of romanità and use of symbols and myths of the 'Third Rome'. Namely, the article shows that during the 1930s some Italian intellectuals and the high ranks of the Vatican tried to find a synthesis between fascist and Catholic ideologies by means of the glorification of the myth of 'Christian Rome'. The article shows that many Italian intellectuals thought there was a chance of finding a synthesis between the sacralization of politics and the politicization of religion through the myth of Rome. This chance became a mission with the rapprochement to Nazi Germany, with fascism clearly taking shape as a political religion, and during the Second World War. Despite its final failure, this 'conciliatory' attempt shows the complex and various relationships during the fascism between the processes of sacralization of politics and politicization of religion. Finally, the article could be a point of reflection on the various facets about the process of nationalization of Italians widespread during the fascist regime
Book Review: The March on Rome. Violence and the Rise of Italian Fascism, by Giulia Albanese, Abingdon, Routledge, 2019, xvii 192 pp.
No full textThis book is the English translation of the Italian edition and aims to show the violent and subversive nature of fascism and the dissipation of the sense of legality in the postwar Italy. In his research, according to the author, Albanese seems, in an up-to-date way, to follow the traditional intepretations of Fascism as a bourgeois authoritarian and reactionary regim
Roma antica tra politica e storia sociale. Riconsiderando un classico di Guglielmo Ferrero e la sua fortuna nel Novecento
No full textThe article takes inspiration from a new edition of Ferrero’s book Grandezza e decadenza di
Roma and analyzes this work which was very criticized at the beginning of the 20th century, when
the first edition was published. The article investigates how Ferrero’s book was connected with
the new Italian and international historiographical climate, both in terms of methodology and in its
interpretations of history. In his book, Ferrero traced an original picture of antiquity, in which on
the one hand he highlighted the crisis of positivism, on the other he confirmed the leading role of
Roman provinces. In this picture, Augustus’ politics was interpreted in opposition to Caesar’s.
Furthermore, the article underlines how, following new methodological trends and looking through
the prism of ancient Roman history, Ferrero meant to warn both the Europeans and the Italians
about the dangers of mass politics and the rise of personal powe
Lo Stato fascista: a proposito di un recente libro di Sabino Cassese
No full textPrendendo spunto dalla pubblicazione del lavoro di Cassese, l'articolo ricostruisce le principali tendenze interpretative attorno allo Stato fascista, analizzando e mettendo a confronto le analisi di Cassese con quelle di Emilio Gentile. Esso, inoltre, si sofferma sull'esame di alcune più recenti tendenze interpretative volte a limitare gli aspetti totalitari del regime fascista e a insistere sul ruolo della Chiesa e della Monarchia sabauda.
Tuttavia, secondo l'autore, non solo questi ultimi ebbero scarsa incidenza nelle determinazione e nelle scelte politiche del fascismo ma, recuperando la definizione gentiliana di esperimento totalitario, a suo parere può risultare possibile riavvicinare le interpretazioni di Cassese con quelle di Gentile purché si evidenzi la natura progressiva delle attuazioni politiche del fascismo e la sua mentalità, invece, puramente totalitaria dell'ideologia
"Fascism as history". George L. Mosse and De Felice’s Intervista sul fascismo
No full textNella storiografia italiana il 1975 ha rappresentato un anno chiave nell’analisi del fascismo. In particolare ad animare il dibattito fu la pubblicazione dell’Intervista sul fascismo di Renzo De Felice. Il testo qui pubblicato è la recensione al volume, rimasta fino ad oggi inedita, scritta da George Mosse come ringraziamento per la stima che il biografo di Mussolini gli aveva manifestato nell’introduzione all’edizione italiana de La nazionalizzazione delle masse e come difesa del lavoro dell’amico, la cui metodologia di studio del fenomeno fascista, a dispetto delle violente critiche che stava ricevendo in Italia, appariva oramai accolta pienamente dalla storiografia internazionale. Nella recensione Mosse ribadiva come, per capire davvero il fascismo, occorresse confrontarsi con esso come aveva fatto De Felice, liberandosi dalle illusioni più rassicuranti e guardando alla sua realtà storica. Pur rilevando l’esistenza di alcuni punti di disaccordo, Mosse concludeva attaccando frontalmente i denigratori di De Felice, con l’argomento che essere antifascisti nel 1975 significava studiare il fascismo alla maniera dello storico italiano. Il docu- mento aiuta a ricostruire un intenso dibattito storiografico e permette di approfondire l’intenso rapporto scientifico tra Mosse e De Felice
L'Institut d'études romaines et le mythe d’Auguste en 1937
No full textThe article analyses the myth of Augustus shaped by the initiatives of the Institute of Roman Studies. Starting from the myth of Caesar’s rooting in Italian culture thanks to the great influence of German studies, the author highlights how the achievements of the first Roman emperor were rediscovered as a consequence of the conquest of Ethiopia. By examining the various initiatives organised to mark the two thousandth anniversary of Augustus’ birth in the context of the more general myth of Rome, the author shows how the Institute of Roman studies contributed to shaping a specific ideological interpretation through the glorification of Augustus and of the Roman imperial past. Analogies were established between the figures of Augustus and Mussolini, as between the Principate and the Fascist regime, in order to spread the image of fascism as a conservative revolution. This was an attempt to create a synthesis between Fascist, nationalist and Catholic cultures, and to promote encounters, clashes, fusions and the sharing of deep and mutual influences between two typically modern phenomena produced by mass politics: the sacralization of politics and the politicization and ideologization of religion. The rapprochement with Nazi Germany fuelled ambitions to turn fascism into a regime that could assume the leadership of a new Christian and European order.L’article analyse le mythe d’Auguste développé par les initiatives de l’Institut d’études romaines. À partir de l’analyse de la manière dont la culture italienne, influencée par les études allemandes, a longtemps privilégié le mythe de César, l’article met en évidence comment la redécouverte de l’œuvre du premier empereur romain a coïncidé avec la conquête fasciste de l’Éthiopie. Il examine ainsi les nombreuses initiatives lancées lors du deux millième anniversaire de la naissance d’Auguste et les insérer dans le mythe plus large de la romanité. Dans l’exaltation d’Auguste, l’auteur identifie la prise de forme d’une direction idéologique claire et précise qui reflète le mythe plus général de la romanité répandu par l’Institut d’études romaines. Par un parallélisme continu entre Auguste et Mussolini, et entre la Principauté et le régime fasciste, il voulait donner forme à une idée du fascisme conçue comme une révolution conservatrice. Il s’agit d’une interprétation qui cherchait à façonner une synthèse entre les cultures fasciste, nationaliste et catholique et à promouvoir la rencontre, le choc, l’osmose et l’influence mutuelle entre deux phénomènes typiquement modernes, celui de la sacralisation de la politique et celui de la politisation et idéologisation du religieux, en espérant, surtout après le rapprochement avec l’Allemagne nazie, orienter le fascisme vers un modèle de régime capable, à travers le mythe de la Rome impériale et chrétienne, et se mettre à la tête d’un nouvel ordre civil chrétien européen
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