67 research outputs found
Exploring the spatial heterogeneity in different doses of vaccination coverage in India.
No full textBackgroundDespite the universalization of immunization against the six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), the coverage of full immunization among the children under age five has remained a challenge globally. The 2015-16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) indicated large disparity in the coverage of different vaccination doses (BCG, Polio, DPT and Measles) including full immunization across the districts of India. The spatial distribution of poor performing districts in terms of vaccination and the district level spatial, contextual determinants contributing to the low coverage have been poorly studied. Using the recent household survey (NFHS, 2015-16), this study examined the spatial heterogeneity and the factors associated with low vaccination coverage among the children aged 12-23 months across India.Data and methodsThis study used the data from fourth round of National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-16. District-level prevalence of each of the vaccination doses including full immunization, were analysed. Moran's I, Univariate and Bivariate LISA, Ordinary least square (OLS) and spatial models were employed to achieve the overall aim of the study.ResultsAt the national level, the prevalence of full immunization was 62 percent. Specific vaccination coverage for BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of DPT and measles were 92, 73, 78 and 81 percent, respectively. The value of the bivariate Moran's I statistics confirmed the spatial dependence between specific vaccination and the set of independent variables. District-level prevalence of the specific vaccine and full immunization showed significant spatial clustering across India. The adjusted coefficients from the spatial error model confirmed that district-level proportion of utilization of post-natal care, institutional births, neonatal tetanus protection of the last birth, women's education and coverage of health insurance showed statistically significant association with every doses of vaccination coverage.ConclusionThe full and specific immunization coverage was considerably low in the geographical hotspots as compared to the national coverage. Maternal and child health care services utilization, financial assistance to the mothers through JSY scheme and mother's education were found to determine full immunization as well as the specific vaccination coverage. Appropriate intervention should be designed to reduce the geographical disparity in the coverage of specific and full immunization across India and thus safeguard child health protecting the children from the vaccine preventable diseases across the geography
Population and sub-national (district) level diversity in missed and dropout of different doses of hepatitis-B vaccine among Indian children aged 12-59 months.
No full textInitiating with a birth dose and a full immunization against hepatitis-B is crucial during early childhood in a country like India where maternal screening of hepatitis-B surface antigen is almost negligible and there is a considerable risk of vertical transmission among children. It is also evident that coverage of hepatitis-B is lowest among all other vaccine doses included in the universal immunization program. In addition, the major challenge is posed by the missed and drop-out of different doses of hepatitis-B among Indian children. In this context, this study examined the population and sub-national level diversity in missed and dropout of different doses of hepatitis-B vaccine in India. We analysed a large dataset of 196,654 children aged 12-59 months from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2015-16. Bivariate cross tabulation was used to estimate the prevalence and the dropout rates. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess the likelihood of the study events. Within a Bayesian framework, a district-level spatial analysis was conducted employing the Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) Model and the Leroux Model. During 2016, 38% of the children missed the birth dose nationally and 45% of the children did not complete full immunization of hepatitis-B. Findings suggest, presence of socio-economic and demographic gradients in missed and drop-out of different doses of hepatitis-B at national level. The sub-national level spatial analysis identifies more than 280 (out of 640) districts with substantially higher risk (Posterior Median Risk>1) in terms of missed and drop-out of different doses. Most of these districts are scattered across the North-Eastern and Northern part of India. The findings hint the existence of a population and sub-national level diversity in India's missed out and dropout of hepatitis-B doses. Identifying high risk population sub-groups and the districts with children at higher risk of missing the birth and consecutive doses informs the existing knowledge base and helps in formulating community-oriented policies and programs
A geospatial analysis of noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden in Indian agro-climatic and political regions
No full text이상의 「종생기」에 나타난 사랑, 죽음, 예술
No full textThis essay aims at overcoming the two main interpretations of Yi Sangs ecriture. One is the biographical interpretation which reduces Yi Sangs literature into the documents of his despair and fear and the other is the semiological interpretation which makes his texts a hollow art isolated from life or an abstract play of signs. However, inscription of proper name(Yi Sang) in his texts is not any reference to the author"s presumed identity but a kind of strategy for disrupting Is unified identity and dissolving epistemological representationalism and literary realism. Yi Sangs texts play variations on the theme of nonidentical identity by motives of the mirror, the mask, the double and broken bodies, all of which also disturb the layers of narration. The criticism of representationalism leads to the cognitive way of sign-decoding and the layer of narrative of Yi Sangs texts can, thus, be summarized in some struggles for decoding the violent signs(Oedipus family, modernity and fascism, love, death) which are emitted from the obscure world. Especially, Writing on Death is a peak of Yi Sang"s literature because it envelops love and death in art. His viewpoint of art, condensed into the allusion of Soneynhaeng(少年行), implicates a paradox that one can"t reach art not by wasting his/her life and, in turn, the essence of life which he/she can glimpse only in art, is already dissipated in life itself. Moreover, Yi Sang has made persistent efforts to affirm both life and death by striking pose for suicide and accomplishes amor fati through art(Writing on Death) which overcomes Death and comes repeatedly across life, the world, and the Real
Dropout rates of different doses of hepatitis-B among children aged 12–59 months by background characteristics, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015–16.
No full textDropout rates of different doses of hepatitis-B among children aged 12–59 months by background characteristics, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015–16.</p
Spatial distribution of Posterior Exceedence Probability (PEP) of third dose dropout across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.
No full textSpatial distribution of Posterior Exceedence Probability (PEP) of third dose dropout across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.</p
Spatial distribution of Posterior Exceedence Probability (PEP) of second dose dropout across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.
No full textSpatial distribution of Posterior Exceedence Probability (PEP) of second dose dropout across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.</p
Spatial distribution of Posterior Median Risk (PMR) of missing birth across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.
No full textSpatial distribution of Posterior Median Risk (PMR) of missing birth across 640 districts of India (https://github.com/datameet/maps/), NFHS-4, 2015–16.</p
Spatial model output and diagnostic results of dropout of different doses of Hepatitis-B among children aged 12–59 months, National Family Health Survey (NFHS), India, 2015–16.
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Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dose dropout rates of hepatitis-B among children (12–59 months) by background characteristics, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015–16.
No full textAdjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dose dropout rates of hepatitis-B among children (12–59 months) by background characteristics, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015–16.</p
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