1,721,004 research outputs found
Collections-based systematics: Opportunities and outlook for 2050
No full textWen, Jun, Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Appelhans, Marc S., Dorr, Laurence J., Funk, Vicki A. (2015): Collections-based systematics: Opportunities and outlook for 2050. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53 (6): 477-488, DOI: 10.1111/jse.12181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.1218
Newly discovered orchid types (Orchidaceae) in the Herbarium Gottingense with selected lectotypifications
No full textOn the identity of Blanco’s Cissus frutescens and its correct name in Melicope (Rutaceae) with neotypification of Cissus arborea Blanco
No full textVolume: 58Start Page: 81End Page: 8
Newly discovered orchid types (Orchidaceae) in the Herbarium Gottingense with selected lectotypifications
No full textA molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives (Rutaceae) reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness
No full textWe present the first detailed phylogenetic study of the genus Melicope, the largest genus of the Citrus family (Rutaceae). The phylogenetic analysis sampled about 50% of the 235 accepted species of Melicope as well as representatives of 26 related genera, most notably Acronychia and Euodia. The results based on five plastid and nuclear markers have revealed that Acronychia, Euodia and Melicope are each not monophyletic in their current circumscriptions and that several small genera mainly from Australia and New Caledonia need to be merged with one of the three genera to ensure monophyly at the generic level. The phylogenetic position of the drupaceous Acronychia in relation to Melicope, which has capsular or follicular fruits, remains unclear and Acronychia might be a separate genus or a part of Melicope. The seed coats of Melicope, Acronychia and related genera show adaptations to bird-dispersal, which might be regarded as key innovations for species radiations. Euodia and its relatives, which lack these adaptations, include only about 20 species while the Melicope-Acronychia group consists of about 340 species. The drupaceous genera Comptonella, Dutaillyea, Picrella and Sarcomelicope are nested within Melicope and need to be merged with Melicope. The expanded genus is a prime example of the artificial classification system of Engler, who defined Rutaceous subfamilies mainly based on gynoecial and fruit characters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Plastome phylogenomics and new fossil evidence from Dominican amber shed light on the evolutionary history of the Neotropical fern genus Pecluma
No full textAbstract Premise Molecular studies based on chloroplast markers have questioned the monophyly of the fern genus Pecluma (Polypodioideae, Polypodiaceae), which has several species of Polypodium nested within it. We explored the delimitation of Pecluma and its biogeographic pattern by evaluating the phylogenetic position of four Polypodium species not sequenced thus far and integrating the first fossil evidence of Pecluma . Methods Using herbarium material, we applied a genome‐skimming approach to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis of Polypodioideae; assessed the combination of character states observed in the fossil from Miocene Dominican amber using a previously published phylogeny of Polypodioideae based on four plastid markers as framework; calculated divergence times; and conducted an ancestral area estimation. Results Within Polypodioideae, Pecluma was recovered as sister to Phlebodium . Three of the newly sequenced species— Polypodium otites , P. pinnatissimum , and P. ursipes —were recovered with maximum support within the Pecluma clade, whereas P. christensenii remained within Polypodium . The closest combination of character states of the fossil was found within Pecluma . Our biogeographic analyses suggest an Eocene origin of the genus in South America, with several subsequent Oligocene and Miocene colonization events to Mexico–Central America and to the West Indies. Conclusions Although the circumscription of Pecluma is still challenging, our results elucidate the origin and age of the genus. The newly described fossil, Pecluma hispaniolae sp. nov., supports the hypothesis that the epiphytic communities of the Greater Antilles exhibit a constant generic composition since the Miocene. We propose new combinations ( Pecluma otites , Pecluma pinnatissima , and Pecluma ursipes ) to accommodate three species previously classified in Polypodium
Phylogenetic placement of Psilopeganum, a rare monotypic genus of Rutaceae (the citrus family) endemic to China
No full textPsilopeganum (Rutaceae) is a rare monotypic genus endemic to the vicinity of the Yangtze River valley in Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in China. It differs from most Rutaceae taxa by its herbaceous habit and has been treated as a member of the tribe Ruteae. Our study is the first attempt to place Psilopeganum in a phylogenetic context and our results show that the genus belongs to a clade with Boenninghausenia, Ruta and Thamnosma, which are part of Ruteae. Within this group, the position of Psilopeganum remains unclear because the Boenninghausenia-Thamnosma clade, Psilopeganum and Ruta form a trichotomy in most analyses. The ITS dataset placed Psilopeganum as sister to the Mediterranean and Canarian genus Ruta, which is corroborated by morphological similarities. Our studies support that Ruteae is paraphyletic with respect to Aurantioideae and that Dictamnus does not belong to Ruteae. The Indian, Sri Lankan, and Malagasy genus Chloroxylon is sister to the Boenninghausenia-Psilopeganum-Ruta-Thamnosma clade, despite its traditional placement in the subfamily Flindersioideae. The placement of Chloroxylon is consistent with an origin of the group of Chloroxylon, Boenninghausenia, Psilopeganum, Ruta and Thamnosma in southern Asia. The rapid uplifts of the Himalayas could account for one or two vicariance events splitting the lineages of the Boenninghausenia-Psilopeganum-Ruta-Thamnosma clade, and may explain the short branch length and low support for the relationships among Psilopeganum, Ruta, and the Boenninghausenia-Thamnosma clade
Target enrichment improves phylogenetic resolution in the genus Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) and indicates both incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization events
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Zanthoxylum is the only pantropical genus within Rutaceae, with a few species native to temperate eastern Asia and North America. Efforts using Sanger sequencing failed to resolve the backbone phylogeny of Zanthoxylum. In this study, we employed target-enrichment high-throughput sequencing to improve resolution. Gene trees were examined for concordance and sectional classifications of Zanthoxylum were evaluated. Off-target reads were investigated to identify putative single-copy markers for bait refinement, and low-copy markers for evidence of putative hybridization events. METHODS: A custom bait set targeting 354 genes, with a median of 321 bp, was designed for Zanthoxylum and applied to 44 Zanthoxylum species and one Tetradium species as the outgroup. Illumina reads were processed via the HybPhyloMaker pipeline. Phylogenetic inferences were conducted using coalescent and maximum likelihood methods based on concatenated datasets. Concordance was assessed using quartet sampling. Additional phylogenetic analyses were performed on putative single and low-copy genes extracted from off-target reads. KEY RESULTS: Four major clades are supported within Zanthoxylum: the African clade, the Z. asiaticum clade, the Asian–Pacific–Australian clade and the American–eastern Asian clade. While overall support has improved, regions of conflict are similar to those previously observed. Gene tree discordances indicate a hybridization event in the ancestor of the Hawaiian lineage, and incomplete lineage sorting in the American backbone. Off-target putative single-copy genes largely confirm on-target results, and putative low-copy genes provide additional evidence for hybridization in the Hawaiian lineage. Only two of the five sections of Zanthoxylum are resolved as monophyletic. CONCLUSIONS: Target enrichment is suitable for assessing phylogenetic relationships in Zanthoxylum. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal that current sectional classifications need revision. Quartet tree concordance indicates several instances of reticulate evolution. Off-target reads are proven useful to identify additional phylogenetically informative regions for bait refinement or gene tree based approaches
Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Four Zanthoxylum L. Species (Sapindales: Rutaceae) from the Caribbean, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and the South Pacific
No full textZanthoxylum is a genus of woody plants in the Rutaceae family distributed pantropically, with some species extending to temperate regions in East Asia and North America. Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome sequences of four species, two of them critically endangered, endemic to tropical islands.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Phylogeny of the species-rich pantropical genus Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) based on hybrid capture
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaf
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