1,721,125 research outputs found
Parasitology of one of the world's foremost aquaculture fish species lacks a One Health Approach
No full textWith the growing global demand for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an affordable source of animal protein, the adoption of semi-intensive and intensive farming systems has increased. However, this has also led to a higher risk of parasites, diseases, and mortality among Nile tilapia, as well as environmental impacts. To address these challenges, it is crucial to understand the biology and ecology of these parasites in an ever-changing environment and tackle their pathogenicity. Currently, Oreochromis niloticus is known to harbor approximately 276 species of parasites, making it the African fish with the highest number of reported protists and metazoans. However, the available knowledge on these parasites is fragmented, with only around 340 peer-reviewed articles published on the topic to date. This lack of comprehensive information highlights the need for a One Health approach, which is currently lacking in the study of Nile tilapia parasites and necessitates the need for an appropriate account on the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health. A review was conducted to identify protists, metazoans, fungi, bacteria and viruses that have proven impacts on Nile tilapia health and production, as well as those that pose a zoonotic risk and have the potential to serve as environmental indicators. From the synthesis, only 94 peer-reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria. These studies were carried out in only 24 out of more than 140 countries where Nile tilapia is produced, showing the relatively low number of research on the effects
and environmental correlates of these parasites. When comparing the number of formally described parasite species to the few number of studies documenting their effects, there is a significant knowledge gap. The current information on these parasites is not yet ready for practical use by stakeholders involved in Nile tilapia production and management. Therefore, there is a need for descriptive and experimental studies to bridge this knowledge gap between farmers, fisheries policy makers, veterinarians, researchers and consumers. By adopting a One Health approach and conducting further research, stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the effective management of Nile tilapia fish health and diseases in today's world. This approach will provide information that is essential for sustainable Nile tilapia production, addressing both the environmental integrity, the health and well-being of the fish, and the people who consume them
Parasitology of one of the world’s foremost aquaculture fish species lacks a One Health Approach
No full textParasitology of one of the world's foremost aquaculture fish species lacks a One Health Approach
No full textWith the growing global demand for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an affordable source of animal protein, the adoption of semi-intensive and intensive farming systems has increased. However, this has also led to a higher risk of parasites, diseases, and mortality among Nile tilapia, as well as environmental impacts. To address these challenges, it is crucial to understand the biology and ecology of these parasites in an ever-changing environment and tackle their pathogenicity. Currently, Oreochromis niloticus is known to harbor approximately 276 species of parasites, making it the African fish with the highest number of reported protists and metazoans. However, the available knowledge on these parasites is fragmented, with only around 340 peer-reviewed articles published on the topic to date. This lack of comprehensive information highlights the need for a One Health approach, which is currently lacking in the study of Nile tilapia parasites and necessitates the need for an appropriate account on the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health. A review was conducted to identify protists, metazoans, fungi, bacteria and viruses that have proven impacts on Nile tilapia health and production, as well as those that pose a zoonotic risk and have the potential to serve as environmental indicators. From the synthesis, only 94 peer-reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria. These studies were carried out in only 24 out of more than 140 countries where Nile tilapia is produced, showing the relatively low number of research on the effects
and environmental correlates of these parasites. When comparing the number of formally described parasite species to the few number of studies documenting their effects, there is a significant knowledge gap. The current information on these parasites is not yet ready for practical use by stakeholders involved in Nile tilapia production and management. Therefore, there is a need for descriptive and experimental studies to bridge this knowledge gap between farmers, fisheries policy makers, veterinarians, researchers and consumers. By adopting a One Health approach and conducting further research, stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the effective management of Nile tilapia fish health and diseases in today's world. This approach will provide information that is essential for sustainable Nile tilapia production, addressing both the environmental integrity, the health and well-being of the fish, and the people who consume them
Parasitology of one of the world’s foremost aquaculture fish species lacks a One Health Approach
No full textParasitology of one of the world's foremost fisheries target species lacks a One Health approach
No full textThe global demand for affordable animal protein, particularly Nile tilapia, has driven increased adoption of (semi-)intensive farming practices. This intensification poses challenges like fish disease outbreaks , higher parasite loads, increased mortality rates, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive understanding of the biology and ecology of these disrupted equi-libria, emphasizing the need to characterize parasites, their pathogenic effects, and the conditions facilitating their emergence. Despite 276 known parasite species infecting Nile tilapia, existing reports are fragmented , often conducted locally or focused on a few species in experimental settings. A timely challenge is summarizing the state of knowledge and presenting links between human, animal, and environmental health. Unfortunately, limited studies focus on these parasites' actual effects and environmental correlates, indicating little research effort. Comparing the number of parasite species described with few studies documenting their impacts reveals large knowledge gaps. The current information on these parasites lacks practical applicability for stakeholders in production and management. Bridging this knowledge gap requires both descriptive and experimental studies. Adopting the One Health approach in parasitologi-cal assessments and conducting further research will ensure aquaculture stakeholders can access valuable information for informed decision-making, prioritizing environmental integrity, fish health and welfare, and consumer well-being.Funding
This research was funded by the Special Research Fund of Hasselt University, grant number BOF22DOCLI04 to M.I.S. and BOF20TT06 and BOF21INCENT09 to M.P.M.V.
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely thank Dr. Chelsea Wood (School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington), who provided some insights on inclusion criteria. Leona Milec is thanked for her help in data visualization. We gratefully acknowledge the constructive suggestions from the guest editor-in-chief and an anonymous reviewer
Characterization of Camel farming in Mali to ensure its preservation and enhancement
Full text linkLe Mali est un pays à vocation agricole où l’élevage occupe la deuxième place de l’économie. Les régions
arides et semi-arides représentent environ 2/3 de la superficie du territoire du Mali.
De par son climat, le Mali est un pays naturellement indiqué pour promouvoir l’élevage de dromadaire. La
viande et le lait de dromadaire pourraient beaucoup concourir à la sécurité alimentaire. Ils constituent la
base de l’alimentation locale dans les régions arides et chaudes du pays. Ce sont des merveilles dont les
bienfaits sont inestimables pour le maintien de la vie humaine dans ces zones. Le dromadaire occupe une
place importante dans la survie des populations pastorales de ces régions face aux bouleversements
climatiques et socio-économiques. Depuis une dizaine d’années, le dromadaire fait l’objet d’un intérêt
particulier auprès des agropasteurs de la région de Mopti. L’animal est utilisé dans divers travaux (agricoles,
transport, exhaure d’eau). En effet, cette espèce apparaît comme une ressource génétique animale clé dans
les stratégies d’adaptation des agriculteurs aux bouleversements environnementaux et sociopolitiques.
Mais, en dépit de son importance, peu d’informations sont disponibles sur cet élevage au Mali, notamment
dans le cercle d’Ansongo et de Koro.
La présente étude se propose dans un premier temps de caractériser l’élevage du dromadaire tout en mettant
en perspective les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs aux changements de l’environnement naturel et social
dans lequel ils opèrent. Ainsi, les pistes d’amélioration de l’élevage en général et de la gestion des
ressources génétiques animales sont proposées en tenant compte des spécificités agroécologiques des 2
zones d’études (i) la région d’Ansongo, domaine de la zone aride et semi-aride (ii) la région de Koro,
domaine du sahel. Dans cette dernière zone, les recherches ont été réalisées à travers la détermination des préférences des éleveurs et leur disposition à payer ou à recevoir une compensation pour les caractéristiques des dromadaires de trait.
Une première enquête rétrospective a été conduite auprès de 100 éleveurs de dromadaires dans la zone
d’étude N°1 (cercle d’Ansongo) durant 3 mois. Elle montre la diversité des stratégies d’élevage pastoral et
de leurs évolutions. Elle note une hétérogénéité des modes de classification des types de dromadaires. Les
pratiques de complémentation alimentaire et le recours aux services de la médecine vétérinaire moderne
restent assez faibles. Les modes d’adaptation des élevages aux différents bouleversements impliquent des
changements de stratégies d’alimentation et d’abreuvement, y compris les stratégies de mobilité. Au
fondement des bouleversements, se trouvent des modifications des ressources génétiques animales
exploitées : substitution d’espèces et modification de la composition du portefeuille animal, modification
au sein de l’espèce par la substitution entre races ou la sélection pour l’évolution de la race elle-même.
L’impact de l’abandon progressif du dromadaire dans certaines zones mérite d’être surveillé.
3
Une deuxième enquête a été réalisée sur une période de 45 jours pour analyser les méthodes d’adaptation
des agropasteurs du cercle de Koro, région de Mopti aux changements climatiques : cas de la substitution
des bovins de trait par des dromadaires et la gestion de la génétique caméline. Les résultats obtenus ont
concerné les attributs clés du choix de type de dromadaires et ce, en fonction de l’objectif de production
visé. Cette enquête a été menée sur une population de 100 propriétaires de dromadaires. La couleur de la
robe, l’ardeur au travail, le gabarit et la résistance aux maladies constituent les critères clés de choix du type
de dromadaire pour les travaux agricoles et domestiques.
Une troisième enquête a été réalisée auprès de 115 éleveurs sur les préférences des agropasteurs et leur
consentement à payer ou à recevoir une compensation pour les caractéristiques de dromadaires de trait.
Les capacités d’adaptation ainsi que la multifonctionnalité confèrent au dromadaire un statut particulier et une bonne réputation dans la lutte contre la pauvreté et l’avancée du désert. L’utilité première du dromadaire
(animal de trait) se répand dans la région de Mopti. La production de lait de chamelle reste loin des circuits
de commercialisation. L’insuffisance de services de santé vétérinaire se traduit par le développement des
pratiques ethno-vétérinaires au niveau des élevages de dromadaires.
Aux termes de cette recherche, nous constatons que le dromadaire est une ressource précieuse qu’il convient
d’exploiter à sa juste valeur. La mise en valeur de l’élevage de dromadaire peut être un élément déterminant pour la réconciliation nationale au Mali, étant donné que celle-ci n’adviendra que par le développement socio-économique des régions du Nord et du Centre.
Les potentialités du dromadaire sont faiblement exploitées, à l’exception de la région de Sikasso et le district de Bamako, l’animal est présent sur l’ensemble du territoire national. Il représente 14% du cheptel du pays soit environ un million cinq cent mille têtes. Dans les mêmes conditions d’élevage, le dromadaire produit
plus de lait et de travail que les bovins autochtones. Il valorise mieux les maigres ressources de fourrages
des vastes espaces arides et semi-arides du Mali plus que les autres animaux domestiques.
En résumé nous retenons deux principaux points d’attention à savoir :
✓ Le faible niveau d’exploitation des productions du dromadaire et la faible commercialisation
du lait de chamelle au Mali.
✓ La mauvaise gestion des dromadaires dans la région de Mopti avec un risque potentiel
d’érosion de certaines races ou certains types génétiques.
D’où la nécessité d’une exploitation et gestion rationnelle des ressources génétiques camélines pour la préservation de la biodiversité et la durabilité des systèmes de productions du dromadaire au Mali. En outre une attention particulière doit être accordée à la nouvelle dynamique qui s’installe autour de la culture
attelée caméline.8. Decent work and economic growt
Parasitic monogenean flatworms as tags for invasive aquatic vertebrates in Africa, using mitochondrial markers and historical collections
No full textReasons why introduced alien species are major risks to biodiversity include parasite co-introduction and lateral transfer to local hosts, but this parasitological impact is understudied. The origins and identities of introduced organisms are often unknown, including those of their parasite fauna. Recent species monitoring only provides partial answers for want of baseline data: especially in the Global South and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, where native parasite biodiversity is poorly known.
We studied introduced vertebrates (cichlids, sardines, frogs) in Central and Southern African inland waters, and parasitic flatworms (monogeneans) infecting them. Given their obligate one-host lifestyle, these parasites are thought to be more easily co-introduced with their hosts, and to be used as “tags” for the origin and introduction pathway of host populations. Parasites were isolated from hosts sampled from historical collections and in recent fieldwork. Monogenean parasites were morphologically identified to species level, and characterised using nuclear and
mitochondrial markers.
Using historical fish collections to reconstruct pre-introduction baselines for cichlid parasite communities, we distinguished between native and co-introduced parasite species, and detected parasite transmission to native cichlids. Monogeneans helped identify origins and introduction pathways of invasive sardines. For the notoriously invasive Nile tilapia and African clawed frog, these parasites provided a higher resolution
than host genetics.
This a proof-of-concept of biodiversity infrastructure and parasites as information sources for invasion biology. Nevertheless, a review of the state-of-the-art of parasitological research on Nile tilapia, an invasive fish of global economic and ecological importance, shows that work on its parasites mostly overlooks their indicator potential. We recommend more scientific consideration to the parasites of invasive species, using
a more integrative approach than is currently often taken
Parasitic monogenean flatworms as tags for invasive aquatic vertebrates in Africa, using mitochondrial markers and historical collections
No full textReasons why introduced alien species are major risks to biodiversity include parasite co-introduction and lateral transfer to local hosts, but this parasitological impact is understudied. The origins and identities of introduced organisms are often unknown, including those of their parasite fauna. Recent species monitoring only provides partial answers for want of baseline data: especially in the Global South and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, where native parasite biodiversity is poorly known.
We studied introduced vertebrates (cichlids, sardines, frogs) in Central and Southern African inland waters, and parasitic flatworms (monogeneans) infecting them. Given their obligate one-host lifestyle, these parasites are thought to be more easily co-introduced with their hosts, and to be used as “tags” for the origin and introduction pathway of host populations. Parasites were isolated from hosts sampled from historical collections and in recent fieldwork. Monogenean parasites were morphologically identified to species level, and characterised using nuclear and
mitochondrial markers.
Using historical fish collections to reconstruct pre-introduction baselines for cichlid parasite communities, we distinguished between native and co-introduced parasite species, and detected parasite transmission to native cichlids. Monogeneans helped identify origins and introduction pathways of invasive sardines. For the notoriously invasive Nile tilapia and African clawed frog, these parasites provided a higher resolution
than host genetics.
This a proof-of-concept of biodiversity infrastructure and parasites as information sources for invasion biology. Nevertheless, a review of the state-of-the-art of parasitological research on Nile tilapia, an invasive fish of global economic and ecological importance, shows that work on its parasites mostly overlooks their indicator potential. We recommend more scientific consideration to the parasites of invasive species, using
a more integrative approach than is currently often taken
« One Heath » : l’intrication des enjeux du développement humain, de la santé des animaux et des écosystèmes
Full text linkEnfoque participativo en proyectos de desarrollo.
Full text linkeditorial reviewedEn ese capítulo proponemos una reflexión sobre el enfoque participativo en el marco de proyectos de desarrollo y de investigación-acción.
El interés de participación en estos proyectos se analiza en primer lu- gar a través del prisma del enfoque de las capacidades, es decir, la teoría del desarrollo propuesto por Amartya Sen. La participación tiene varios papeles, incluyendo el de ser una garantía de una acción eficaz, por su adecuación a las necesidades identificadas por los debates. Además, contribuye a la formación de valores reconocidos por la comunidad y es, en este sentido, un proceso de reflexión de una comunidad y sus miembros sobre su identidad. Sin embargo, la implementación de un enfoque participativo presenta muchos desafíos. Dis- cutimos algunos de ellos.
A continuación, presentamos varias dimensiones y modalidades del en- foque participativo. Los diferentes grados o modos de participación –califi- cada esta de pasiva, informativa, consultiva, incentiva, funcional, interactiva o independiente– se diferencian fundamentalmente por el modo de transfe- rencia del poder de decisiones de los equipos de desarrollo/investigación a la comunidad. Esta gradación opone una autonomía verdadera adquirida por la comunidad a través del proceso de participación, a un conjunto de técnicas de comunicación meramente instrumental utilizado por los investigadores/ desarrolladores. En una tercera parte, se presentan dos enfoques participativos realizados en dos comunidades de Ocongate. La idea es poner de relieve el proceso de participación y su posicionamiento dentro de la categorización presentada anterior- mente, con el fin de sacar conclusiones y propuestas para avanzar hacia una participación más plena
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