51 research outputs found
Mono- and bi-dentate group 15 and 16 ligand complexes of main group metal halides
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN031619 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Effects of Innovation Culture on the Performance of Genge Music Production Companies in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textThe Kenya Vision 2030 identifies music and performing arts as one of the sectors that can contribute towards transforming Kenya into a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030. In particular, the Genge music industry has the potential to create employment for many young people in the country due to the appeal that this music genre has to youth. However, Genge music production companies have not been effective in creating stable employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for many young people. In this regard, the study sought to examine the effect of innovation culture on the performance of Genge music production companies in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study made use of the convergent parallel research design that combined quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The quantitative component of the study targeted a population of 252 workers in six Genge music production companies located in Starehe Sub-County, while the qualitative component targeted 10 directors of the Music Copyright Association of Kenya (MCSK) and Kenya Association Music Producers (KAMP). A sample of 70 workers was selected using the proportionate random sampling method for the purposes of collecting quantitative data using survey questionnaires. On the other hand, qualitative data was collected using interview guides from six directors of the MCSK and KAMP that were selected purposively. Findings revealed that Genge music companies have performed relative well in terms of generating revenues to meet their costs, signing new artists, and increasing revenues from music streams. However, the firms have not excelled when it comes to providing adequate remuneration to artists. The study found a statistically significant positive association between the performance of Genge music production companies and innovation culture (β =.607, t = 5.785, p =.002). The finding led to the conclusion that inculcating an innovation culture would enhance the performance of the Genge music production companies. The study recommends that policymakers at the State Department of Culture and Heritage should enhance enforcement of copyright law to promote innovation culture. If implemented, the recommendation will be of benefits to Kenyan youth interested in making a career in the music production value chain, either as artists, sound engineers, videographers, song writers, or marketers, among other music production professions
Hydrates of tin tetrachloride
No full textThe crystal structures of the tri- and tetrahydrate of tin tetrachloride, viz. diaquatetrachlorotin(IV) monohydrate, [SnCl4(H2O)(2)].H2O, and diaquatetrachlorotin(IV) dihydrate, [SnCl4(H2O)(2)].2H(2)O, are reported and shown to contain the cis-[SnCl4(H2O)(2)] species and water molecules in both cases. The trihydrate contains chains of the tin species linked by a single hydrogen-bonded water molecule, whilst the tetrahydrate has a three-dimensional network. In addition, there are O-H...Cl interactions present
First synthesis of an expanded calixpyrrole
No full textThe synthesis of the first expanded calixpyrrole: a calix[5]arene-capped calix[5]pyrrole 2 has been achieved using p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene pentamethyl ketone 1 as a template
Structural characterisation of solution species implicated in the palladium-catalysed Heck reaction by Pd K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy: palladium acetate as a catalyst precursor
No full textEnergy dispersive EXAFS (EDE), Quick EXAFS (QEXAFS), C-13 NMR and X-ray crystallography have been used to probe the co-ordination sphere of palladium in the course of the phosphine free Heck reaction. [Pd2I6][NBu3H](2) has been isolated from the precatalytic solution and its crystal structure determined. EDE and QEXAFS spectra of the complexes Pd(OAc)(2), Pd(PPh3)(4) and [Pd2I6][NEt3H](2) illustrated the value of the technique in structure elucidation. EXAFS of the precatalytic solution detects [Pd2I6](2-) and no co-ordinated carbon. EXAFS of the catalytic solution shows a first co-ordination sphere of 2 carbon atoms and a second of 2-2.5 iodines. A scheme involving an equilibrium between the oxidative addition product and the olefin co-ordination species, has been proposed to explain these results
Radical cyclisations of methylenecyclopropyl azetidinones-synthesis of novel tricyclic ?-lactams
No full textAddition of lithium bis(methylenecyclopropyl)cuprates to acetoxy azetidinones gives methylenecyclopropyl azetidinones, which can be converted to various radical cyclisation precursors. Attempted 4-exo cyclisation of 3 led only to reduced product, while cyclisation of 5, using CuCl/bipy, gave a carbacephem, via a 5-exo cyclisation, but in low yield. Cyclisation of 6 and 7, however, gave novel tricyclic ?-lactams, as the result of 7-endo cyclisation, in good yield, and a cyclisation of bromide 23 led to the tricyclic ?-lactam 24, via a radical cascade sequence
Recent developments in thio-, seleno-, and telluro-ether ligand chemistry
No full textNew routes developed recently to overcome the difficulties usually associated with the sequential introduction of Te centers into polytelluroethers and the introduction of tellurium into macrocyclic compounds are described, including the synthesis of the first facultative telluro-ethers, RTe(CH2)(3)Te(CH2)(3)TeR, R = Me or Ph, and the first tridentate S2Te-donor macrocycles and a tetradentate S3Te-donor macrocycle. The first systematic investigations into the preparation and characterization of coordination complexes of MX3 (M = As, Sb, Bi; X = Cl, Br I) involving polydentate and macrocyclic thio- and seleno-ether ligands are then discussed. The structures of examples of each class of compound are described, including the first examples of seleno-ether adducts of the group 15 acceptors. A more limited range of telluro-ether derivatives has been identified and the structure of the first example of this type is included. These species serve to demonstrate the wide structural diversity exhibited by these systems and the factors directing the assembly of these structures are highlighted
The effects of sheep grazing on the recovery of succulent Karoo vegetation.
No full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1995.Vegetation monitoring, recording the recovery or change in plant cover over time, for
several Karoo shrubs was undertaken to evaluate the Savory Grazing System on a farm in
the Succulent Karoo. This evaluation was quantified by establishing if the proposed 120-
day rest period between grazing events was sufficiently long enough for complete recovery
of the vegetation. Complete recovery was described as sufficient regrowth after a grazing
event so that continual cover loss would not result over time. Optimum resting periods
would ensure that cover loss, due to grazing, could be recovered so that plant size and
reproductive potential was not detrimentally affected.
The ellipse intercept method was used to sample piospheres (or zones of attenuating
animal impact) around water points in two vegetation types. From these results, 320 line
transects for vegetation monitoring were located between 140 and 180m from the water
points. One and a half year old piospheres of one farm were compared to seventeen year
old piospheres on another farm with similar vegetation composition. The piospheres on
the younger farm were expanding at an approximate linear rate of 80m per year, however,
this rate slows considerably, as was found on the farm with older piospheres. Stability or
equilibrium appears to be reached at approximately 320m from the water point in the older
system.
The line transects were used to record the change in cover of palatable and
unpalatable Karoo shrubs on a monthly basis over an 18 month period. In all instances
it was concluded that the proposed 120-day rest period was not sufficiently long enough
for complete recovery of the vegetation. The highly palatable species, especially
Osteospermum sinuatum and Tetragonia spp., were the most heavily utilized and
detrimentally affected. Larger individuals of the palatable shrubs O. sinuatum and
Tetragonia spp. were more severely grazed than smaller individuals as a result of smaller
individuals utilising spiny nurse plants under which to establish. If the present rest period
is continued the result could be overgrazing and local extinction of these important fodder
species.
The responses of two highly palatable species, O. sinuatum and Tetragonia spp.,
were monitored closely in relation to rainfall and grazing events. Grazed and ungrazed
(protected) individuals were monitored over one year to substantiate the results obtained from the line transects. The rest period was again found to be too short for full recovery
and was also found to be reducing the reproductive output of O. sinuatum and Tetragonia
spp..
The recruitment of O. sinuatum and Tetragonia spp. was also measured by
comparing seedling establishment in grazed, ungrazed (vegetation protected from sheep
grazing) and cleared vegetation. In an attempt to rehabilitate these rangelands, Pteronia
pallens, a dominant unpalatable shrub, was cleared and the resultant seedling recruitment
of O. sinuatum and Tetragonia spp. monitored and compared to grazed and ungrazed
vegetation. Juvenile recruitment of these species was found to be significantly lower in
the grazed than in the ungrazed vegetation. Recruitment of Tetragonia spp. was found to
be significantly higher in the cleared strip compared to the grazed and ungrazed vegetation.
The results obtained in this study suggest that the present grazing regime is having
a detrimental effect on the vegetation and that revised management procedures are needed
to ensure the conservation of these rangelands. The rest periods between grazing events
need to be lengthened as well as a reduction in stock numbers. Certain camps need to be
skipped on a seasonal basis during the flowering season in order to increase the
reproductive output of highly palatable species
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