1,721,441 research outputs found
Spatio-temporal evolution of wet-dry event features and their transition across the Upper Jhelum Basin (UJB) in South Asia
Full text linkThe increasing rate of occurrence of extreme events (droughts and floods) and their rapid transition magnify the associated socio-economic impacts with respect to those caused by the individual event. Understanding of spatio-temporal evolution of wet-dry events collectively, their characteristics, and the transition (wet to dry and dry to wet) is therefore significant to identify and locate most vulnerable hotspots, providing the basis for the adaptation and mitigation measures. The Upper Jhelum Basin (UJB) in South Asia was selected as a case study, where the relevance of wet-dry events and their transition has not been assessed yet, despite clear evidence of climate change in the region. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at the monthly timescale was applied to detect and characterize wet and dry events for the period 1981-2014. The results of temporal variations in SPEI showed a strong change in basin climatic features associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at the end of 1997, with the prevalence of wet and dry events before and after 1997 respectively. The results of spatial analysis show a higher susceptibility of the monsoon-dominated region towards wet events, with more intense events occurring in the eastern part, whereas a higher severity and duration are featured in the southwestern part of the basin. In contrast, the westerlies-dominated region was found to be the hotspot of dry events with higher duration, severity, and intensity. Moreover, the surrounding region of the Himalaya divide line and the monsoon-dominated part of the basin were found to be the hotspots of rapid wet-dry transition events. Copyright
Performance evaluation of raw and bias-corrected ERA5 precipitation data with respect to extreme precipitation analysis: case study in Upper Jhelum Basin, South Asia
No full textThe application of gridded precipitation datasets as a substitute of limited ground observation over mountainous regions is challenging due to considerable biases and needs adjustments before their application in subsequent impact models. In this study, four commonly used precipitation bias correction (BC) methods were evaluated for their skills to capture various aspects of extreme precipitation over Upper Jhelum Basin (UJB) for a period of 34 years (1981–2014). The four BC methods, i.e., linear scaling (LS), local scaling intensity (LOCI), power transmission (PT), and distribution mapping (DM), were applied on ERA5 reanalysis precipitation dataset and evaluated using nine extreme precipitation indices. First, it was found that the raw/original ERA5 overestimates observed precipitation and number of wet days with little precipitation and thus inevitability needs correction in raw estimates. Second, more or less all BC methods improved the raw ERA5 estimates especially magnitude; however, clear discrepancies exist in their skills to correct wet day frequency. Overall, the DM method was found to be a good compromise to correct various aspects of extreme precipitation, followed by LOCI, PT, and LS methods. This study provides twofold potential benefits; firstly, extreme precipitation information tailored the need of relevant decision makers to devise appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies, and secondly, provides a certain reference for evaluation, correction, and application of gridded datasets for extreme precipitation analysis in data-sparse region
Optical Schemes for Polarimetric Glucose Sensing Analyzed by the Anatomical Eye Model of Navarro
No full textWe analyze three different optical schemes to access the human eye to enable glucose sensing. These methods are analyzed theoretically. A simulation based upon the anatomical eye model of Navarro is presented
MEASUREMENT OF THE STRONG COUPLING CONSTANT-ALPHA-S FROM A STUDY OF W BOSONS PRODUCED IN ASSOCIATION WITH JETS
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