1,721,049 research outputs found
Postprandial lipemia, diet, and cardiovascular risk
No full textRecently published studies have provided additional evidence of the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of postprandial dyslipidemia. Notably, the relationship with cardiovascular risk has been considerably strengthened by two large prospective studies showing an independent role for nonfasting plasma triglycerides. Knowledge of the genetic influence has been expanded by the identification of new gene variants associated with postprandial lipemia. More data have confirmed the strict relation between postprandial lipoprotein alterations and insulin resistance, whereas studies on the association with endothelial dysfunction have not been conclusive. Recent medium-term intervention studies have mainly evaluated the different dietary fatty acids and compared diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with diets rich in carbohydrates. Results indicate that the diet generally recommended for cardiovascular prevention (ie, low in saturated fat, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, moderately rich in carbohydrates, and rich in fiber) may also correct postprandial lipid abnormalities
Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: is there evidence to support the bandwagon?
Full text linkIn the last 3 years, more evidence accumulated that vitamin D (vitD)deficiency associates with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors. The association with higher cardiovascular (CV) mortality was stronger than with nonfatal CVD events. A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes was also shown. Many factors related to lifestyle (physical activity in particular) influence both vitD levels and CVD, and may contribute to explain these observational data. Whether the association between vitD and CVD is causal can only be established through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to date the results of the randomized trials, which were not designed for investigating CV outcomes, do not support the association data. Answers on the effects of vitD supplementation on primary and secondary prevention of CV may be found in the specifically designed ongoing RCTs. In the mean time, low vitamin D levels should be regarded as a marker of unhealthy lifestyle, requiring a more aggressive attempt at modifying individual lifestyle
The results of Look AHEAD do not row against the implementation of lifestyle changes in patients with type 2 diabetes
No full textReply from the authors to "Comments on 'Insulin resistance, postprandial GLP-1 and adaptive immunity are the main predictors of NAFLD in a homogeneous population at high cardiovascular risk'"
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Predicting and monitoring blood glucose through nutritional factors in type 1 diabetes by artificial neural networks
Full text linkThe monitoring and management of Postprandial Glucose Response (PGR), by administering an insulin bolus before meals, is a crucial issue in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients. Artificial Pancreas (AP), which combines autonomous insulin delivery and blood glucose sensor, is a promising solution; nevertheless, it still requires input from patients about meal carbohydrate intake for bolus administration. This is due to the limited knowledge of the factors that influence PGR. Even though meal carbohydrates are regarded as the major factor influencing PGR, medical experience suggests that other nutritional should be considered. To address this issue, in this work, we propose a Machine Learning (ML)-based approach for a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of nutritional factors (i.e., carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fiber, and energy intake) on the blood glucose levels (BGLs). In particular, the proposed ML-model takes into account BGLs, insulin doses, and nutritional factors in T1D patients to predict BGLs in 60-minute time windows after a meal. A Feed-Forward Neural Network was fed with different combinations of BGLs, insulin, and nutritional factors, providing a predicted glycaemia curve as output. The validity of the proposed system was demonstrated through tests on public data and on self-produced data, adopting intra- and inter-subject approach. Results anticipate that patient-specific data about nutritional factors of a meal have a major role in the prediction of postprandial BGLs
Dietary Fatty Acids and C-Reactive Protein
No full textC-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of subclinical inflammation increased by Western diets and reduced by healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet. The role of dietary components is more controversial. Saturated and trans fatty acids may increase, whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, either of plant and marine origin, may decrease CRP levels. Controversy in intervention studies may relate to differences in study design, including subjects' characteristics, dietary sources of fats, often-underpowered sample size, and type of comparator. Genetic factors influencing responses to dietary fats could contribute to interindividual heterogeneity. Available evidence does not allow envisaging in patients with diabetes different behaviors or mechanisms for dietary fats effects on inflammation than in nondiabetic populations. Although "ad hoc studies" are needed to clarify the role of confounding factors, the observed changes in CRP are in line with current recommended consumption of dietary fats
Effects of meals with different glycaemic index on postprandial blood glucose response in patients with Type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
No full textThe Relationship between blood glucose and beat-to-beat variation in asymptomatic subjects.
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