5 research outputs found
Mechanisms of heteroresistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
No full textCharacteristic for methicillin-resistant (Mcr) staphylococci is the heterogeneous expression of the intrinsic methicillin resistance. The majority of the cells express resistance to low concentrations of methicillin, and a minority of the cells express resistance to much higher concentrations. We show here (i) that the presence of the mecA encoding region on plasmid pBBB79 was sufficient to render a methicillin-susceptible (Mcs) Staphylococcus aureus strain heteroresistant and (ii) that this Mcr strain segregated highly resistant subclones which retained the high-resistance phenotype under nonselective growth conditions. The Mcr strain with only mecA on plasmid pBBB79 thus behaved identically to a Mcr strain carrying the complete mec determinant integrated at its proper chromosomal site. (iii) Curing a such highly resistant subclone from plasmid pBBB79 yielded an Mcs strain that was as susceptible as the original Mcs parent strain. (iv) Comparisons were made between the original parent and the cured Mcs strain by backcrossing pBBB79 into them and looking at their progeny. Transductants derived from the formerly highly resistant cured strain became resistant to high concentrations of methicillin, whereas transductants derived from the original parent strain were resistant to lower concentrations of methicillin and showed the typical heterogeneous resistance. We deduced therefrom that the high-level resistance expressed by the minority of the population of Mcr S. aureus was due to a chromosomal mutation(s) (chr*) involving neither mecA nor the additional 30 kb of mec-associated DNA
Hopelessness and high risk parenting attitudes in relation to child abuse and neglect
No full textPlan BA review of the literature indicates the relationship between hopelessness and depression in adolescent females is significant. The problem of hopelessness as a component of depression is explored in this study, as is the correlation between hopelessness and high risk parenting attitudes in teenage girls. According to a study by Lamb and Nitz (1991), approximately one million teenage girls become pregnant each year. Adolescents who become parents may experience added stress, which may result in child abuse and neglect. Child abuse and neglect is at an all time high in our country, and is surely a national crisis. The Child Abuse Prevention, Adoption and Family Services Act of 1988 (Public Law 93-247) defines abuse and neglect as “the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare under circumstances which indicate that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened” (Bavolek, 1990). This study will acknowledge and discuss the importance of identifying and treating hopelessness in teenage mothers. Rust (1999) indicates teenage mothers are at increased risk for depression and high risk parenting attitudes in relation to child physical abuse. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to correlate hopelessness and high risk parenting attitudes in teenage parents. There is a great amount that can be learned from this study, and research suggests that child abuse and neglect and the problems associated with this issue are not going away, they are at epidemic proportions, despite the increased interventions of the last ten years. This study is pertinent in today’s world and can provide insight into reducing the incidents of child abuse and neglect. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of correlation between hopelessness in adolescent females and high risk parenting attitudes. For the purpose of this study, thirty adolescent females were asked to complete the Beck’s Hopelessness Scale and Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2), [Bavolek,1999]. Upon completion of the study, a significant degree of correlation was not found between hopelessness in adolescent females and high risk parenting attitudes
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci : Horizontal transfer of mobile genetic element (SCCmec) between staphylococcal species
No full textVäitöskirja, liitteenä alkuperäisartikkelit (verkkoversiossa ei alkuperäisartikkeleita)ei tietoa saavutettavuudesta
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Cannabinoids for the control of experimental multiple sclerosis
No full textPhDThere have been numerous studies reporting that cannabinoids, both exogenous
and endogenous, have a potential beneficial function during incidences of
neurological damage. Using gene knockout mice and cannabinoid-selective agents,
this study demonstrates the diverse actions of cannabinoids with a particular focus
on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple
sclerosis. The results presented here report on the action of stimulators of
cannabinoid receptors in the nervous system (CNS) on; immune function, as a
mechanism of suppressing autoimmune attack of the central nervous system, as
agents to suppress neurodegenerative events leading to disease progression and as
agents that can control signs of disease that occur as the consequences of
autoimmune neurodegeneration such as spasticity. Tetrahydrocannabinol the
psychoactive component in cannabis and the CB1 cannabinoid receptor appears to
be central to many of the therapeutic actions of cannabis but also to the side-effect
potential of cannabinoid drugs. This study reports on methods to avoid
psychoactive side-effects of conventional brain-penetrant CB1 receptor agonists
whilst exploiting the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid system in order to
control spasticity. This was achieved by targeting mechanisms of endocannabinoid
degradation, particularly using fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Furthermore,
this study also reports the development of novel cannabinoid compounds that are
excluded from the brain and inhibit spasticity and also demonstrates the
mechanism of exclusion of CNS-excluded cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. This
study provides further evidence for the efficacy of cannabinoid compounds during
an ongoing CNS disease and also their efficacy for treating the consequences of
CNS autoimmune disease, which hopefully, will give additional impetus for further
clinical investigations of cannabinoid agents in not only multiple sclerosis but also
other neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS
Evaluación de la adhesión de médicos y odontólogos a protocolos internacionales de prevención de endocarditis infecciosa, Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
No full textIntroducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una condición potencialmente devastadora que afecta el revestimiento interno del corazón y sus estructuras, representando un desafío clínico de importancia crítica donde la medicina y la odontología moderna se han caracterizado por un enfoque cada vez más preventivo. Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de médicos y odontólogos a protocolos internaciones de prevención de endocarditis infecciosa de la AHA 2021, ESC 2023, NICE 2008, BSCA 2012 en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en el año 2025. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal. La muestra fue conformada por 136 participantes incluidos médicos cardiólogos y/o internistas registrados en MinSalud a través del REPS; así como estudiantes de último semestre de odontología, residentes de periodoncia y docentes especialistas en el área de la periodoncia y afines de la Universidad Santo Tomás. La encuesta aplicada fue validada previamente utilizando la metodología Delphi y obteniendo un índice de Lawshe de 77,5%. El cálculo de la muestra se realizó con EPIDAT 4.2 con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado con el Software
Stata V18. Resultados: En la población que perteneció al estudio se obtuvieron 54 fueron médicos especialistas y 82 odontólogos; donde el 63,41% de los odontólogos pertenecían al sexo femenino y el 64,81% de los médicos pertenecían al sexo masculino. En el análisis bivariado se evidenció en el grupo de médicos especialistas, que el 27,50% (n=11) y el 14,29% (n=2) de los internistas y cardiólogos respectivamente presentaron un nivel bajo de aplicación sobre las guías internacionales de prevención de endocarditis infecciosa. Conclusión: Los grupos de profesionales que se encuentra en Bucaramanga, área metropolitana y municipios de Santander
tienen adhesión a las guías de profilaxis de Endocarditis Infecciosa con algunas limitaciones como
la falta de actualización por educación continua.Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a potentially devastating condition affecting the inner lining of the heart and its structures, representing a critically important clinical challenge where modern medicine and dentistry have increasingly taken a preventive approach. Objective: To evaluate the adherence of physicians and dentists to international protocols for the prevention of infective endocarditis from the AHA 2021, ESC 2023, NICE 2008, and BSCA 2012 in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga in 2025. Methodology: An observational, analytical, crosssectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 136 participants, including cardiologists and/or internists registered with the Ministry of Health through the REPS (National Health System of the Ministry of Health), as well as final-semester dental students, periodontics residents, and faculty members specializing in periodontics and related fields from the University of Santo Tomás. The survey was previously validated using the Delphi methodology, yielding a Lawshe index of 77.5%. The sample size was calculated using EPIDAT 4.2 with a 95% confidence level. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Stata software v18. Results: The study
population consisted of 54 specialist physicians and 82 dentists; 63.41% of the dentists were female and 64.81% of the physicians were male. The bivariate analysis showed that, among the specialist physician group, 27.50% (n=11) and 14.29% (n=2) of internists and cardiologists, respectively, had a low level of adherence to international guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis. Conclusion: The professional groups located in Bucaramanga, the metropolitan area, and the municipalities of Santander adhere to the Infectious Endocarditis prophylaxis guidelines, with some limitations, such as the lack of ongoing education updates.Especialización Periodonciahttps://www.ustabuca.edu.co/Especializació
