139 research outputs found
Interview with Anne and James Duncan-Welke
No full textIn this interview with Julia Stringfellow, Anne and James Duncan-Welke, LU classes of 1979 and 2009 respectively, discuss, compare, and contrast their years as students.https://lux.lawrence.edu/oralhistories/1021/thumbnail.jp
The influence of composting on heavy metal extractability from two municipal sewage sludges
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN023632 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Rubbish is piling up and recycling has stalled – waste systems must adapt
No full textCoronavirus has revealed just how fragile our waste cycle is. Globally, collection services are being reduced because of social distancing, staff absences and concerns about workers’ health and safety. This is affecting the collection, sorting, processing and treatment of wastes as well as markets for materials made from recycling and composts
A pilot-scale comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic digestion of source segregated domestic food waste
No full textSource segregated food waste was collected from domestic properties and its composition determined together with the average weight produced per household, which was 2.91 kg per week. The waste was fed over a trial period lasting 58 weeks to an identical pair of 1.5 m3 anaerobic digesters, one at a mesophilic (36.5°C) and the other at a thermophilic temperature (56°C). The digesters were monitored daily for gas production, solids destruction and regularly for digestate characteristics including alkalinity, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia concentrations. Both digesters showed high VFA and ammonia concentrations but in the mesophilic digester the pH remained stable at around 7.4, buffered by a high alkalinity of 13,000 mg l-1; whereas in the thermophilic digester VFA levels reached 45,000 mg l-1 causing a drop in pH and digester instability. In the mesophilic digester volatile solids (VS) destruction and specific gas yield were favourable, with 67% of the organic solids being converted to biogas at a methane content of 58% giving a biogas yield of 0.63 m3 kg-1 VSadded. Digestion under thermophilic conditions showed potentially better VS destruction at 70% VS and a biogas yield of 0.67 m3 kg-1 VSadded, but the shifts in alkalinity and the high VFA concentrations required a reduced loading to be applied. The maximum beneficial loading that could be achieved in the mesophilic digester was 4.0 kg VS m-3 d-1
SWIMS Database input tables and example output results tables
No full textAssigned DOI: 10.5258/SOTON/D0382
Solid Waste Infrastructure Modelling System (SWIMS) complete input and lookup tables for use with NISMOD 1 version of SWIMS.
Complete results for model run 2740 reported within paper entitled "Solid Waste Infrastructure Modelling System (SWIMS): a dynamic optimisation and decision support tool for solid waste infrastructure management".
Model simulation was run within the Newcastle University servers for NISMOD 1 by Jon Coello. details of which are available "Hall, J.W., Tran, M., Hickford, A.J., Nicholls, R.J., 2016. The Future of National Infrastructure: A System-of-Systems Approach. Cambridge University Press."
Data is complete for all 11 GOR of GB.
All LCI data is derived from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) LCA software EASETECH and should be referenced accordingly when used : "Clavreul, J., Baumeister, H., Christensen, T.H., Damgaard, A., 2014. An environmental assessment system for environmental technologies. Environmental modelling & software 60, 18-30."
Nomenclature:
SW Solid Waste
I Input - standard inputs e.g. area
IO input output file - data required for following years e.g. staged infrastructure builds
LU Look Up - readily editable input file e.g. built facilities
O Output - Main results e.g. CO2e output from waste treatment.</span
Guidance on the management of landfill sites and land contamination on eroding or low-lying coastlines. Supplementary Guide.: CIRIA SP169
No full textThere are around 1500 historic landfills in England and Wales located in flood plains or in areas affected by coastal erosion. Rising sea levels may flood the landfills flushing pollutants into the environment whilst erosion could release waste onto beaches. Protection of coastal landfills is expensive and can be at odds with shoreline management plans which seek to allow natural processes to occur, or undertake managed realignment of the coastline wherever possible. The University of Southampton, together with academic colleagues, Local Authorities and the Environment Agency, has carried out research to understand these issues, identify gaps in research, and outline options to help manage the risks faced at coastal landfill sites. As a result of this research, The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) issued this supplementary guidance to Local Authorities and industry on the management of coastal landfill sites
The influence of solid-phase organic carbon on the sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants in landfill barriers, UK
No full textThe Oxford Clay from Bletchley, the Kimmeridge Clay from Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, and Tertiary mud (Wittering Formation) from Whitecliff, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom were used as sorbent samples because of their distinctive organic material characteristics (Amorphous organic matter rich and/or phytoclast rich). Organic material was isolated for identification and analysis using a non-acid extraction method (heavy liquid) extraction and traditional methods involving HF digestion. These organic materials were then used to determine influences of extraction on hydrophobic organic contaminants, (toluene and naphthalene) sorption. Organic petrology classification was applied to identify the various types of isolated organic material. Amorphous organic matter from the Kimmeridge Clay displayed a higher sorption capacity (Sorption–desorption distribution coefficient (Kd), Kd = 6,481, 59, 670; for toluene and naphthalene, respectively) compared to literature values. Amorphous organic matter-rich sorbent extracts demonstrated a higher absorption capacity than the phytoclast-rich sorbents (e.g., Wittering Formation, Kd = 219, 10, 134; for toluene and naphthalene, respectively). Implications of results in landfill design/risk assessment and modelling are discussed
A preliminary investigation of options for remediation of a coastal landfill in the Maldives
No full textThe 3.5 hectare Addu dump site is located in the far south of the Maldives on a narrow strip of land between the atoll islands of Hithadhoo and Maradhoo, located approximately 1.5m above mean sea-level. The site is unlined and there is no engineering to protect the underlying coral sands. The site, opened in 2004, contains approximately 75,000 tonnes of predominantly household wastes, which has been dumped in two windrows without the use of any daily cover. Analysis of samples taken from ponds adjacent to the waste showed elevated EC and chloride concentrations suggesting seawater intrusion was affecting groundwater. Ammonia concentrations were low and nitrate was present in the groundwater samples. The lack of compaction of the waste may allow air ingress so that aerobic biodegradation predominates. Coastal erosion is not currently a problem at the site. Sea water intrusion appears to force groundwater close to the base of dumped waste, and creates some flooding across the site during spring tides. The potential for flooding and rising groundwater levels is likely to increase with sea-level rise (with global projections up to 0.98m by 2100). Options for reclamation of the site could involve separation of metals and inert material, and the remaining material sent to the proposed EfW plant, although further work is needed to understand the suitability of this material for incineration
Fluorescent tracers - a tool for landfill investigation and management
No full textThe paper presents a three-stage framework for assessment of fluorescent dyes as tracers for use within Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills. The value of tracer testing as a means of determining leachate behaviour and guiding leachate management strategies is explained. In the first stage, the fluorescence spectra of 27 leachates were compared with 30 fluorescent dyes, to find those dyes for which there was little interference from leachate. Fluorescein (Uranine), Eosin-Y and Rhodamine WT were selected. In a second stage, the dyes’ resistance to biodegradation by anaerobes was tested. Fluorescein and Rhodamine resisted degradation but Eosin was moderately degraded. In the final stage, all three dyes were sorbed on shredded MSW, with results fitted to Freundlich isotherms. It was concluded that Rhodamine WT was the most suitable quantitative tracer, as modelling its behaviour would require only a single parameter to be fitted. Eosin would require parameters for linear sorption and degradation. Fluorescein was shown to be an excellent qualitative tracer
Control aspects of synchronous machines in power systems applications
No full textDevelopments in control design methods for power systems have continually been made during the last ten years, and the present thesis seeks to make its contribution to this pattern of work. In so doing, it develops electrical machine mathematical models on which the subsequent designs are based. The formulations relate specifically to those from which computer programs may be readily developed and particular importance has been attached to the systematic marshalling of plant and network equations for the subsequent and efficient solution by computer methods. Methods of model reduction and state transformation are described and these are used to manipulate the system models into the form appropriate to the regulator design algorithm. The regulator-design algorithm is described in which a systematic numerical technique is used to predetermine the performance criterionJ = C(xtQx + u )dt. The constraints imposed on the system response by the design specification are associated with the movement of the eigenvalue locations to give actual values for the elements of Q. The algorithm described, for the linear single-input system, is based on the sensitivity of the elements of Q to shifts in the eigenvalue locations to produce a performance criterion for improved system stability. The resulting algorithm is applied to the design of an a.c. turbo generator excitation control and is shown to give a system that has advantages over a controller designed using conventional techniques. The thesis is supported by four published papers in which the author of the present thesis is joint author. One reports on the development of the design algorithm and the others deal with computational aspects of control design and its-application to power systems; computer listings are presented in the papers. In addition, the author's work has been presented at two conferences for which published records exist.</p
- …
