18 research outputs found
Tetraclitella purpurascens subsp. purpurascens Wood 1815
No full text<i>Tetraclitella purpurascens purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815) <p>Figure 1 F</p> <p> 1815: <i>Lepas purpurascens</i> Wood, General Conchology, 55.</p> <p> 1854: <i>Tetraclita purpurascens</i>: Darwin, Ray Soc. London,</p> <p> 1971: <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens</i>: Ross, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 15(15): 237. 1986: <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens</i>: Foster and Anderson Jour. Roy. Soc. NZ 15: 64–66.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Tetraclitella</i> with low to moderately high conic shell, paries externally with narrow ridges separated by approximately their own width; exterior rugose when eroded, with secondarily-filled pores; base membranous; radii with internal tubes parallel to the base of shell, and growth lines parallel to articular margin; radii thick and elevated over adjacent parietal surface; scutum elongate.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Australia – temperate waters, from below 26°S. See Foster and Anderson (1986: 65) for a full list of supposed occurrences outside this region.</p> <p> <b>Comments:</b> Recognition of a new subspecies (below), on the basis of morphology and temporal separation, is a cautious move that nonetheless provides a useful mechanism to help envisage the evolution of the <i>Tetraclitella</i> group in the region.</p>Published as part of <i>Buckeridge, John S., 2008, Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls, pp. 43-52 in Zootaxa 1897</i> on pages 44-45, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/274528">10.5281/zenodo.274528</a>
Tetraclitella Hiro 1939
No full textGenus <i>Tetraclitella</i> Hiro 1939 <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Small, shell depressed, wall comprising carina, rostrum and paired latera, parietes permeated by numerous longitudinal pores, articular margins lacking teeth, radii broad with horizontal summits, permeated by horizontal pores; orifice rhombohedral; scutum transversely elongated without depressor muscle crests; tergum short, with short broad spur; base membranous or thinly calcareous.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and age:</b> Miocene to Recent, hyperbiotic, littoral. Indo-west Pacific.</p> <p> <b>Type:</b> <i>Tetraclita purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815), in Hiro 1939: 273.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> With recognition of these new species and subspecies, there are 13 taxa within this genus (Table 1), although very few of these have a fossil record. This reflects the relatively high-energy environment that <i>Tetraclitella</i> typically inhabits.</p> <p> Specimens of the earliest <i>Tetraclitella</i> have been described from the Miocene of both northern New Zealand and Victoria, Australia (Buckeridge, 1983). At that time, there were no complete shells available for study, and as <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815) was considered to be a trans-Tasman species, all the available material was combined and described as <i>Tetraclitella</i> sp. cf. <i>T. purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815). This cautious decision now requires re-evaluation following the revision of a number of shallow water barnacles from the region by Foster and Anderson (1986), who showed that <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815) was confined to southern Australia.</p>Published as part of <i>Buckeridge, John S., 2008, Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls, pp. 43-52 in Zootaxa 1897</i> on page 44, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/274528">10.5281/zenodo.274528</a>
Tetraclitella purpurascens subsp. miocenica Buckeridge, 2008, subsp. nov
No full text<i>Tetraclitella purpurascens miocenica</i> subsp. nov <p> 1983:? <i>Tetraclitella</i> sp. cf. <i>T. purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815): Buckeridge, 77–78, Plate 5 figures c, d.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Tetraclitella</i> having paries externally with narrow longitudinal ridges separated by more than their own width; radii thick, broad, with strong ridges sub-parallel to base of shell; radii not elevated over adjacent parietal surface; opercula unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Late Miocene to early Pliocene, Victoria, Australia.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> P47193, a latus (figured in Buckeridge 1983: plate 5 figures c, d), from the late Miocene- Pliocene Moorabool Viaduct Formation (see Holdgate <i>et al</i>. 2002; Birch, 2003).</p> <p> <b>Material: Moorabool Viaduct Formation</b> (previously Moorabool Viaduct Sands): P47193, a latus, length 5.9 mm; from Moorabool, Victoria. Age: Late Miocene-Pliocene (Cheltenhamian-Kalimnan), <b>Grangeburn Formation</b>: P47189, a latus, from Forsyths, Victoria. Age: Early Pliocene (Kalimnan). All specimens are held in the type collection of the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (based upon latera only): Shell small, with medium-low profile; orifice large, probably rhomboidal; exterior of latus with up to six narrow, well-spaced longitudinal ridges separated by slightly more than their own widths, ridges crossed by fine, sinusoidal transverse growth lines; radii broad with horizontal summits, growth ridges strong, parallel to base of shell and crossed by striae parallel to articular margin; radii thick, relatively flat, slightly depressed with respect to paries; sheath weak, extending internally for slightly more than half height of paries; longitudinal pores rounded in section, with a commensurate thickening of pore walls; base apparently membranous; carina, rostrum and opercula unknown.</p> <p> <b>Comparison with other species:</b> <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens miocenica</i> subsp. nov. is distinguished from <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens purpurascens</i> by the more widely spaced external ribbing, the weakly depressed radii, a higher conic shell, and the rounded parietal pores with relatively thickened pore walls. This taxon differs from <i>Tetraclitella nodiscuta</i> sp. nov. by its less rugose external ribbing, and the rounded rather than polyhedral longitudinal pores. It has a smaller, more delicate shell, and lacks the inner row of wide parietal pores that occur in <i>Tetraclitella judiciae</i> sp. nov.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> No further material has been recovered since this taxon was described and figured in Buckeridge, 1983.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> Chronologic, after the Miocene epoch from which the oldest specimens were found.</p>Published as part of <i>Buckeridge, John S., 2008, Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls, pp. 43-52 in Zootaxa 1897</i> on pages 45-47, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/274528">10.5281/zenodo.274528</a>
石灰石膏脱硫法における微量成分の影響に関する研究
No full textapplication/pdf博士学位論文の要旨及び審査結果の要旨 (Summary of Thesis(DR))274528 bytesT2H051397othe
Tetraclitella nodicostata Buckeridge, 2008, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Tetraclitella nodicostata</i> sp. nov. <p>Figure 2 A,B</p> <p> 1983:? <i>Tetraclitella</i> sp. cf. <i>T. purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815): Buckeridge, 77–78.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Tetraclitella</i> of low conic form; radii relatively narrow; small to medium diameter longitudinal pores in paries; parietes externally with strong apico-basal ribbing beaded by transverse growth lines.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and age:</b> Northern New Zealand. Early Miocene.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> A177, a latus from Pinehill Road, Waiotemarama Valley, Northland, New Zealand (Figure 2).</p> <p> <b>Material: Otaua Mudstone</b>: A177, a latus (holotype), length (exterior): 6.0mm, width (basal): 5.9mm; AU 5737: a further latus, from Pinehill Road, Waiotemarama Valley, Northland, New Zealand. Age: Early Miocene (New Zealand Stratigraphic Stage: Waitakian-Otaian). (NZ Fossil Record file number (metric) O 06/ f9642. NZMS 1:50,000 Grid Reference O 06/510285), collected by L. Wakefield on 31 December 1972.</p> <p> <b>Cape Rodney Formation:</b> AU 10129, a single latus, (Waitakian-Otaian Age) Matheson’s Bay, North Auckland (NZ Fossil Record File number R09/f9511), collected by P. F. Ballance. All specimens are held in the type collection of the Geology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (based upon latera only): Shell small, moderately depressed conic, external ribbing pronounced, sinusoidal and bifurcating, beaded by transverse growth lines; parietes with numerous longitudinal tubes that are polyhedral in section, and which increase in diameter towards the sutural margins; radii relatively narrow, with small diameter interseptal tubes. Sheath weakly developed, but extending to almost half the length of paries in a lateral plate; base and opercula unknown.</p> <p> <b>Comments:</b> No further material has been recovered since Buckeridge (1983). The redesignation of the material described as? <i>Tetraclitella</i> sp. cf. <i>T. purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815) in Buckeridge (<i>loc. cit</i>.) follows a revision of shallow water Australasian sessile barnacles by Foster and Anderson (1986), wherein <i>Tetraclitella purpurascens</i> (Wood, 1815), previously thought to have been found on both sides of the Tasman Sea, was shown to be restricted to Australia. The New Zealand taxon <i>Tetraclitella depressa</i> Foster and Anderson, 1986, to which this form is most closely related, may be readily distinguished by its shell profile: <i>T. depressa</i> is very flat, has larger diameter parietal pores and less pronounced external longitudinal ribbing.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> Morphological, in allusion to the strong, nodose exterior ribbing on the paries (Latin: <i>nodus</i> = a knot; <i>costa</i> = ribs).</p>Published as part of <i>Buckeridge, John S., 2008, Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls, pp. 43-52 in Zootaxa 1897</i> on page 47, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/274528">10.5281/zenodo.274528</a>
Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) model for the interaction of UapA with xanthine analogues.
No full text<p>(A) Structures of XAN analogues used for model creation. (B) Predicted VS Experimental ΔG<sub>binding</sub>. (C) Superposition of XAN analogues inside binding domain of UapA as proposed by final model.</p
Linking water and carbon use traits to drought and warming response strategies in three high-elevation species
No full textImmunomodulation in community-acquired pneumonia
No full textCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease with considerable morbidity and mortality, despite effective antibiotic treatment. In this thesis, we showed that the major causative microorganisms in CAP trigger distinct inflammatory response profiles in the host. While an inflammatory response as such is required to combat invading pathogens, an excessive inflammatory response may contribute to adverse clinical outcome. Modulation of the immune response could therefore offer promising new treatment options in CAP. In this thesis, we focused on the immunomodulatory properties of corticosteroids, macrolide antibiotics and vitamin D, and their potential role in prevention and treatment of CAP. A randomised placebo-controlled trial in hospitalised, non-immunocompromised patients with CAP showed that administration of dexamethasone adjuvant to antibiotics reduced length of hospital stay by one day. In addition, our data indicate that certain subgroups of patients might benefit in particular from dexamethasone treatment. Differences in dexamethasone effect were found for different microbial aetiologies. Next, in patients with a high pro-inflammatory cytokine response, but a discrepantly low cortisol, adjuvant dexamethasone was associated with a significant decrease in mortality/intensive care unit admission (combined endpoint). In a literature review, we provided an overview of the existing evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory effects of macrolides in CAP. Macrolides have been shown to change the nature of the immune response during acute inflammation in three ways: by suppression of the cytokine response, by changing the behaviour of inflammatory cells to a more anti-inflammatory nature and by affecting structural cells of the respiratory tract. However, experimental and clinical studies on the immunomodulatory effects of macrolides when given adjuvant to β-lactam antibiotics, are lacking. In order to further elucidate the mechanisms of immunomodulation by macrolides during acute inflammation, in particular when given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, we designed an in vitro model of acute infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that macrolides, alone or adjuvant to β-lactam antibiotics, attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in whole blood stimulated with heat-killed S. pneumoniae. This suggests an immunomodulatory effect. However, this effect was not observed in subsequent series of experiments with viable S. pneumoniae (either macrolide-susceptible or -resistant). Vitamin D has pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties, apart from its function in calcium and bone homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide. In our cohort of patients with CAP, 53% of the patients was vitamin D deficient. We showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse clinical outcome in CAP. Vitamin D status at the time of hospital admission appeared to be an independent predictor for 30-day mortality, adding prognostic value to other biomarkers and prognostic scores, in particular the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) score. In former studies, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Whether this association is based on a causal relationship is unknown.Three parallel large independent case-control studies showed no preventive association between vitamin D supplementation and pneumonia in adults. This suggests that there is no causal relation between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of pneumoni
