92 research outputs found
O dwóch średniowiecznych koncepcjach celowości natury: Duns Szkot i Chatton
No full textArtykuł stanowi próbę zarysowania kilku istotnych wątków dwóch istotnych średniowiecznych koncepcji celowości. Twórcami owych koncepcji są Jan Duns Szkot i Walter Chatton. Autor skupia się na trzech zagadnieniach: (1) argumentach na rzecz przyjęcia teleologii naturalnej, (2) statusie ontologicznym celu, (3) statusie Boga jako przyczyny celowej. Dokonywane analizy mają pokazać, iż wiele poglądów wygłaszanych przez Dunsa Szkota i Chattona stanowiło podważenie wcześniejszej scholastycznej wizji całościowej teleologii, która swą najbardziej dojrzała postać otrzymała w myśli Tomasza z Akwinu, przygotowując nadejście nowożytnej krytyki celowości.This article seeks to outline several important themes of two medieval conceptions of final causality, whose authors are John Duns Scotus and Walter Chatton. The author focuses on three issues: (1) the arguments for natural teleology, (2) the ontological status of the end, (3) the status of God as a final cause. The aim of the analyses presented here is to show that many opinions presented by Duns Scotus and Chatton were undermining the previous scholastic vision of holistic teleology, which reached its most mature form in the thought of Thomas Aquinas — and in that way they have paved the way towards the modern critique of teleology
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221080324 - Supplemental material for Activation of lactate receptor HCAR1 down-modulates neuronal activity in rodent and human brain tissue
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221080324 for Activation of lactate receptor HCAR1 down-modulates neuronal activity in rodent and human brain tissue by Marc Briquet, Anne-Bérengère Rocher, Maxime Alessandri, Nadia Rosenberg, Haissa de Castro Abrantes, Joel Wellbourne-Wood, Céline Schmuziger, Vanessa Ginet, Julien Puyal, Etienne Pralong, Roy Thomas Daniel, Stefan Offermanns and Jean-Yves Chatton in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Lieux de vie de migrants à Calais : Stratégies d’Etat et Tactiques de migrants
No full textvi, 50 p.The author discusses the so-called “Calais Jungle,” a shanty town composed of migrants from Africa and the Middle East seeking asylum in France and the United Kingdom. The SIP deals with the historical context, changing governmental policies, and conditions facing migrants in this region of France. The author’s plans to do onsite research, unfortunately had to be canceled due to the pandemic
Quality of Web-based information on obsessive compulsive disorder
No full textHedi Klila,1 Anne Chatton,2 Ariane Zermatten,2 Riaz Khan,2 Martin Preisig,1,3 Yasser Khazaal2,4 1Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 3Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland; 4Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland Background: The Internet is increasingly used as a source of information for mental health issues. The burden of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) may lead persons with diagnosed or undiagnosed OCD, and their relatives, to search for good quality information on the Web. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Web-based information on English-language sites dealing with OCD and to compare the quality of websites found through a general and a medically specialized search engine. Methods: Keywords related to OCD were entered into Google and OmniMedicalSearch. Websites were assessed on the basis of accountability, interactivity, readability, and content quality. The "Health on the Net" (HON) quality label and the Brief DISCERN scale score were used as possible content quality indicators. Of the 235 links identified, 53 websites were analyzed. Results: The content quality of the OCD websites examined was relatively good. The use of a specialized search engine did not offer an advantage in finding websites with better content quality. A score ≥16 on the Brief DISCERN scale is associated with better content quality. Conclusion: This study shows the acceptability of the content quality of OCD websites. There is no advantage in searching for information with a specialized search engine rather than a general one. Practical implications: The Internet offers a number of high quality OCD websites. It remains critical, however, to have a provider–patient talk about the information found on the Web. Keywords: Internet, quality indicators, anxiety disorders, OCD, search engin
Self-reported health, physical activity and socio-economic status of middle-aged and elderly participants in a popular road running race in Switzerland: better off than the general population?
No full textINTRODUCTION: In affluent countries habitual physical activity (PA) levels are low while participation of middle-aged people in road running events is increasing. We compared PA determinants of runners aged 50+ to those of a general population sample of similar age in Switzerland.
METHOD: Cross-sectional study comparing 580 road running event participants to 1,067 general population subjects. Binary logistic regression was used to predict group membership and multinomial logistic regression to describe relationships between regular PA levels, health and socio-economic status, adjusted for age, marital status and sex.
RESULTS: There was better health status, higher socio-economic position, less obesity and less depression in the runners than in the general population. People in self-reported “poor / very poor” and “good” health categories were less likely than the “excellent/very good” category to engage in vigorous regular PA compared to moderate regular PA.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the association of PA with better health and higher socio-economic status in people aged 50+ but do not allow conclusions on causality. Further research and managerial effort should be expanded to develop programmes for the inactive population. New and existing prevention programmes should be undertaken to increase the awareness of target audiences. Popular road running events should be seen as having important public health potential and should be fostered
The politics of journalistic creativity: expressiveness, authenticity and de-authorization
No full textThis article begins with the assertion that creativity in journalism has moved from being a matter of guile and ingenuity to being about expressiveness, and that this reflects a broader cultural shift from professional expertise to the authenticity of personal expression as dominant modes of valorization. It then seeks to unpack the normative baggage that underpins the case for creativity in the cultural industries. First, there is a prioritization of agency, which does not stand up against the phenomenological argument that we do not own our own practices. Second, creative expression is not necessarily more free, simply alternately structured. As with Judith Butler’s performativity model, contemporary discourses of creativity assume it to have a unique quality by which it eludes determination (relying on tropes of fluidity), whereas it can be countered that it is in spontaneous, intuitive practice that we are at our least agencical. Third, the article argues against the idea that by authorizing journalists (and audiences) to express themselves, creativity is democratizing, since the always-already nature of recognition means that subjects can only voice their position within an established terrain rather than engage active positioning
The Arago Laboratory of Banyuls and some of its Academicians
No full textSince its founding in 1881 by Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821–1901), the Arago Laboratory of Banyuls has been one of the three marine stations of the University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6. It is located in Banyuls (Banyuls-sur-Mer) in Northern Catalonia. The center hosts researchers and students from all over the world. Some became famous, including four Nobel Prize winners: André Lwoff (1965), Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1991), Albert Fert (2007) and Jules Hoffmann (2011). This article focuses on five scientists closely related to the center. The first three are Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821–1901), the founder; Édouard Chatton (1883–1947), eminent director of the center; and André Lwoff (1902–1994), who before being known for his work in bacterial genetics and virology was an outstanding protozoologist under the direction of Chatton. Lynn Margulis (1938–2011), a great friend of the Arago Laboratory and personal friend of the author, is also remembered. Finally, there is a mention of Walter J. Gehring (1939–2014), professor at the University of Basel, Switzerland. [Int Microbiol 19(4): 183-190 (2016)]Keywords: Arago Laboratory of Banyuls · Lacaze-Duthiers, Henri de (1821–1901) · Chatton, Édouard (1883–1947) · Lwoff, André (1902–1994) · Margulis, Lynn (1938–2011) · Gehring, Walter J. (1939–2014
Online self-help forums on cannabis: A content assessment
No full textTo investigate online self-help forums related to cannabis users who were searching for help on the Internet
A 13-item Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS-13) : validation by item response theory (IRT) in patients with substance use disorder
No full textBackground
The Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) is a widely used 12-item tool to assess mental health and social functioning. The French version has an added 13th item measuring adherence to psychotropic medication. The aim of the current study is to uncover the unknown pattern of the new item 13 and to compare the unidimensional and multidimensional fit of the new HoNOS-13 using Item Response Theory (IRT). This research question was studied among inpatients with substance use disorder (SUD).
Methods
Six hundred and nine valid questionnaires of HoNOS-13 were analyzed using unidimensional (one-factor) and multidimensional (two-factor) IRT modeling.
Results
The multidimensional model suggesting a first factor capturing psychiatric/impairment-related issues and a second factor reflecting social-related issues yielded better goodness-of-fit values compared to the unidimensional solution. This resulted in an improvement of all slope parameters which in turn translates to better discriminative power. Significant improvement in item location parameters were observed as well. The new item 13 had a good discriminative power (1.17) and covered a wide range of the latent trait (− 0.14 to 2.64).
Conclusions
We were able to validate the 13-item questionnaire including medication compliance and suggest that the HoNOS-13 can be recommended as a clinical evaluation tool to assess the problems and treatment needs for inpatients with SUD. Interestingly, the majority of item response categories are endorsed by respondents who are below and above the average levels of HoNOS. This indicates that the scale is able to discriminate between participants both at the low and at the high ends of the latent trait continuum. More importantly, the new item 13 has a good discriminative power and covers a broad range of the latent trait below and above the mean. It therefore has the desired profile of a good item and is a useful measure for the assessment of mental health and social functioning.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03551301. Registered: 11.06.2018. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03551301 .</p
Trypanosomatids are common and diverse parasites of Drosophila
No full textDrosophila melanogaster is an important model system of immunity and parasite resistance, yet most studies use parasites that do not naturally infect this organism. We have studied trypanosomatids in natural populations to assess the prevalence and diversity of these gut parasites. We collected several species of Drosophila from Europe and surveyed them for trypanosomatids using conserved primers for two genes. We have used the conserved GAPDH sequence to construct a phylogenetic tree and the highly variable spliced leader RNA to assay genetic diversity. All 5 of the species that we examined were infected, and the average prevalence ranged from 1 to 6%. There are several different groups of trypanosomatids, related to other monoxenous Trypanosomatidae. These may represent new trypanosomatid species and were found in different species of European Drosophila from different geographical locations. The detection of a little studied natural pathogen in D. melanogaster and related species provides new opportunities for research into both the Drosophila immune response and the evolution of hosts and parasites.</p
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