9 research outputs found
Effects of carbohydrate periodisation on performance and fat oxidation in endurance sports
No full textThe study focuses on investigating the effects of diet periodisation adapted to training on endurance performance and fat oxidation. The aim is to identify long-term adaptations of the body to different diets with different carbohydrate contents and their combination, taking into account the current training goal. The primary aim is to maximise fat oxidation during a 4-week low-intensity endurance training session using a low-carbohydrate diet. Subsequently, a further 4-week training phase with higher intensity and a carbohydrate-rich diet is intended to increase performance at higher intensities.
The adapted diet in the various training phases should result in the athletes showing increased fat oxidation at the end of the trial period compared to the group without dietary adaptation. In addition, they are expected to show improved resilience during more intensive exercise compared to the control group with a low-carbohydrate diet. This assumption is based on the idea that the respective dietary adaptations have an additive effect that could increase the performance of the intervention group compared to the respective comparison groups
Effects of carbohydrate periodisation on performance and fat oxidation in endurance sports
No full textThe study focuses on investigating the effects of diet periodisation adapted to training on endurance performance and fat oxidation. The aim is to identify long-term adaptations of the body to different diets with different carbohydrate contents and their combination, taking into account the current training goal. The primary aim is to maximise fat oxidation during a 4-week low-intensity endurance training session using a low-carbohydrate diet. Subsequently, a further 4-week training phase with higher intensity and a carbohydrate-rich diet is intended to increase performance at higher intensities.
The adapted diet in the various training phases should result in the athletes showing increased fat oxidation at the end of the trial period compared to the group without dietary adaptation. In addition, they are expected to show improved resilience during more intensive exercise compared to the control group with a low-carbohydrate diet. This assumption is based on the idea that the respective dietary adaptations have an additive effect that could increase the performance of the intervention group compared to the respective comparison groups
Effects of carbohydrate periodisation on performance and fat oxidation in endurance sports
No full textThe study focuses on investigating the effects of diet periodisation adapted to training on endurance performance and fat oxidation. The aim is to identify long-term adaptations of the body to different diets with different carbohydrate contents and their combination, taking into account the current training goal. The primary aim is to maximise fat oxidation during a 4-week low-intensity endurance training session using a low-carbohydrate diet. Subsequently, a further 4-week training phase with higher intensity and a carbohydrate-rich diet is intended to increase performance at higher intensities.
The adapted diet in the various training phases should result in the athletes showing increased fat oxidation at the end of the trial period compared to the group without dietary adaptation. In addition, they are expected to show improved resilience during more intensive exercise compared to the control group with a low-carbohydrate diet. This assumption is based on the idea that the respective dietary adaptations have an additive effect that could increase the performance of the intervention group compared to the respective comparison groups
Longer-Term Effects of the Glycaemic Index on Substrate Metabolism and Performance in Endurance Athletes
No full textNutrition has a decisive influence on athletic performance. However, it is not only the nutrient intake during exercise that is important, but the daily diet must also be adapted to the requirements of physical activity in order to optimally promote training adaptations. The goal of prolonged endurance training is to enhance fat oxidation, to maintain aerobic performance at a higher intensity while sparing limited carbohydrate stores. The targeted modification of macronutrient intake is a common method of influencing substrate metabolism, fuel selection, and performance. However, it is not well established whether the glycaemic index of carbohydrates in our daily diet can improve endurance performance by influencing carbohydrate or fat oxidation during training. Therefore, the aim of the following review is to elucidate the possible influence of the glycaemic index on substrate utilization during exercise and to clarify whether the consumption of a long-term high-carbohydrate diet with different glycaemic indices may have an influence on substrate metabolism and endurance performance
Effects of long-term periodized carbohydrate intake on body composition, substrate metabolism and running performance in recreational active men: A pilot trial
No full textIntroduction & Purpose
It is important to consider the impact of nutrition on training adaptations and performance outcomes (Jeukendrup, 2017). The present study was therefore conducted with the objective of determining whether long-term periodizing carbohydrate (CHO) intake during an eight-week endurance training plan has any benefit in comparison to a traditional high-CHO or low-CHO diet in terms of running performance, substrate metabolism and body composition in recreational active males.
Methods
In a controlled, randomised, parallel-group and free-living design, recreationally active runners (n = 24, VO2 peak: 51 ± 8 mL·min-1·kg-1) completed 8 weeks of an ad-libitum dietary intervention (LCHF[low CHO, high fat]/CHO: 4-week regimen with ≤ 50 g CHO per day directly followed by a 4-week regimen comprising 50-60% of daily energy intake from CHO, n = 8; CHO/CHO: 8-week regimen comprising 50-60% of daily energy intake from CHO, n = 9; LCHF/LCHF: 8-week regimen with ≤ 50 g CHO per day, n = 7) together with 5 prescribed sessions of an endurance training program. Dietary recalls were conducted 3 times a week. Body composition, performance and substrate metabolism were assessed 3 times during the study (T -0, T -1 and T -2) using bioelectric impedance and a graded exercise test on a treadmill starting at 6 km·h−1 with increasing speed by 1.5 km·h−1 every 3 minutes until exhaustion. Data were analysed using a 2-way mixed ANOVA and are presented as mean ± STD. Significance was set at p < .05.
Results
Peak running speed (PRS) and time to exhaustion (TTE) demonstrated an increase over time, with no additional benefit observed in relation to any group. Total fat oxidation and maximum fat oxidation (MFO) increased in the first half of the LCHF/CHO diet and decreased during the CHO rich diet (p < .001). In LCHF/LCHF fat oxidation and MFO increased from T -0 to T -1 (p < .001) and remained unchanged at T -2. In CHO/CHO no changes in fat oxidation or MFO were observed (p > .05). Total fat oxidation and MFO were significantly higher at T -1 in LCHF/CHO and LCHF/LCHF compared to CHO/CHO (p < .05). However, at T -2 fat oxidation and MFO were significantly higher in LCHF/LCHF compared to LCHF/CHO and CHO/CHO (p < .05). Significant reductions in weight, BMI, and absolute fat mass were observed in LCHF/CHO from T -0 to T -1 (p < .05) without any further changes until T -2. For LCHF/LCHF weight and BMI were significantly reduced in the first four weeks (p < .001) and even further reduced in the second half (p < .05). For CHO/CHO no significant changes in body composition were observed (p > .05).
Discussion & Conclusion
As previously noted, a high-fat diet resulted in a greater reliance on fat oxidation during exercise (Cao et al., 2021). Here, long-term periodisation of CHO according to the preferred training adaptation leads to changes in substrate metabolism during exercise in terms of improved fat oxidation during a LCHF diet and restoration of CHO oxidation during a CHO-rich diet. Despite the observed improvements in PRS and TTE over the course of the study, no significant advantage was demonstrated by any of the groups in comparison to the other trial groups.
References
Cao, J., Lei, S., Wang, X., & Cheng, S. (2021). The effect of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet on aerobic capacity and exercise performance in endurance athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 13(8), Article 2896. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082896
Jeukendrup, A. E. (2017). Periodized nutrition for athletes. Sports Medicine, 47(S1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0694-
Anti-obesity effects of prolonged collagen peptide supplementation in rodents - A systematic review with meta-analysis of animal studies
No full textSeveral studies conducted in animals, particularly in rodents, have investigated potential anti-obesity effects of long-term collagen peptide intake
Influence of collagen peptide supplementation on biomechanical adaptations, muscle & tendon remodeling, functional recovery and fat-free mass in healthy adults
No full textImpact of collagen peptide supplementation in combination with long-term physical training on strength, musculotendinous remodeling, functional recovery and body composition in healthy adults – A systematic review with meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trial
Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries
No full textEvaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries
No full textBackground: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
