1,070 research outputs found
Lexicography as a form of sentimental education in the 18th century: The Dictionary of Love
No full textThis paper describes and comments on the lexicographical and ideological features of The Dictionary of Love, published in London in 1753. Although there is no lexicographer's name on the title-page, this peculiar dictionary was certainly compiled by John Cleland, the notorious author of the Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, who translated and adapted a French source -- Le Dictionnaire d'Amour by Jean François Dreux du Radier, published at The Hague in 1741. After setting Cleland's compilation in its socio-cultural and lexicographical framework, and after comparing it with its French source, a taxonomy of dictionary entries is created in order to analyse Cleland's work as both a moralist and a lexicographer. What emerges is a bleak picture of the current relationships between the sexes, as well as Cleland's moral headshaking and biting social criticism. Although totally ignored in the historical surveys of English lexicography, The Dictionary of Love may be said to provide good evidence of the expanding variety of 18th-century dictionary-making and, arguably, of Cleland's move away from traditional lexicography as a closed masculine system in which author, reader and subject (or worldview) were male
"The white Guard, white Dream...": Archival Materials as the Basis of Analysis and Interpretation of the Poetic Text (12 Words Max.)
No full textAbstract Poetic texts absorbing the spirit of the age, reflecting the author's individual outlook and assessment of the events were always living witnesses of the epoch and age links. The book-cycle of M. I. Tsvetaeva "Swan mill" -"book of the century" and at the same time the poetic diary of the poet which is the key to the theme of the White movement in its diversity of lyrical motifs, the richness of the colour images and symbols reflected the world of the Russian revolution and the civil war of the twentieth century together with other poetic and prose texts forming the beginning of the century constructing some super text structure. The comparison of the archival materials (poetic texts in Basel manuscripts, preserved in the Fund of manuscripts of M. Tsvetaeva at the University of Basel) and published poems during the poet's lifetime, including publications in foreign periodicals revealed the changes in the poet's attitude. The study was conducted on the basis of historical-cultural, historical, literary, bibliographical and linguistic components: the article discusses the creation and study of Tsvetaeva Fund, publication history of "Swan mill", analyzed the collabrasuite context of the book and the changes in its punctuation system and strophic organization and traced the ratio of metaphorical images with the real historical surroundings of Marina Tsvetaeva, whose specialty, by her own admission, was life
Changes in properties of the transport network graph when using simplification algorithms
No full textIn the course of solving problems of managing and planning the development of large transport networks, a big amount of heterogeneous data from various sources is accumulated. The methods of graph theory are used to systematize information, process it, and calculate network characteristics. However, the problem arises of the enormous complexity and duration of computations over graphs of large networks. One of the approaches to solve this problem is the simplification of the original graph. In our report we study the influence of processing and basic graph simplification on the initial properties of the network. © 2019 Author(s).Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: number17-08-01123-aThe investigation was funded by RFBR, project number17-08-01123-a
N. S. Gumilev as a translator and an editor of “Robert Sothey. Ballads” of the publishing house “Vsemirnaya literature”
No full textN. Gumilev. The purpose of the publishing house was to produce collections of translations of the most famous literary works and to get Russian readers to acquaint with the world literature. Gumilev’s “Ballads” of Southey has pursued the same goal but with the characteristic of the Russian tradition of this poet’s reception. For the English public, Southey was mainly known as an author of historical epic poems, but in Russian literature he was more of a ballad master. This perception has made a lodgement thanks to the first and major translator of his poetry, V. A. Zhukovskiy whose favorite genre was a ballad. In the introduction to the collection of poems Gumilev has drawn attention to the importance of Zhukovskiy for the tradition of Russian Southey and has dedicated the whole book to this idea. Six ballads, the third part of all poems in the book are connected with Zhukovskiy: four of them were translated by him as individual poems and two more were included in a short hexametric novel “Two tales and one more” (“Mary, the maid of the Inn” and “Jaspar”). M. Gor’kiy didn’t like the idea of including Zhukovskiy’s translations in the book, but for Gumilev it was the question of high importance and he has struggled for it. His choice of the only ballad for his own translation also prove this concept: he has chosen “The Surgeon’s Warning”, Southey’s self-parody for one of his most noted poem in Russia thanks to Zhukovskiy’s translation
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Possible localization of trypsin‐like and metalloprotease active centers in the protein sequence of the monoclonal light chain (NGTA2‐Me‐pro‐Tr)
No full textVery Stable Two Mega Dalton High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex from Sea Cucumber <i>Eupentacta fraudatrix</i>
No full textIn contrast to many human organs, only the human liver can self-regenerate, to some degree. Some marine echinoderms are convenient objects for studying the processes of regenerations of organs and tissues. For example, sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix can completely restore within several weeks, the internal organs and the whole body after their division into two or three parts. Therefore, these cucumbers are a very convenient model for studying the general mechanisms of regeneration. However, there is no literature data yet on which biomolecules of these cucumbers can stimulate the regeneration of organs and the whole-body processes. Studying the mechanisms of restoration is very important for modern biology and medicine, since it can help researchers to understand which proteins, enzymes, hormones, or possible complexes can play an essential role in regeneration. This work is the first to analyze the possible content of very stable protein complexes in sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix. It has been shown that their organisms contain a very stable multiprotein complex of about 2000 kDa. This complex contains 15 proteins with molecular masses (MMs) >10 kDa and 21 small proteins and peptides with MMs 2.0–8.6 kDa. It is effectively destroyed only in the presence of 3.0 M MgCl2 and, to a lesser extent, 3.0 M NaCl, while the best dissociation occurs in the presence of 8.0 M urea + 0.1 M EDTA. Our data indicate that forming a very stable proteins complex occurs due to the combination of bridges formed by metal ions, electrostatic contacts, and hydrogen bonds
Synthesis, cyclopolymerization and cyclo-copolymerization of 9-(2-Diallylaminoethyl)adenine and Its Hydrochloride Salt
No full textWe report herein the synthesis and characterization of 9-(2- diallylaminoethyl) adenine. We evaluated two different synthetic routes starting with adenine where the optimal route was achieved through coupling of 9-(2-chloroethyl)adenine with diallylamine. The cyclopolymerization and cyclo-copolymerization of 9-(2-diallylaminoethyl)adenine hydrochloride salt resulted in low molecular weight oligomers in low yields. In contrast, 9-(2-diallylaminoethyl)adenine failed to cyclopolymerize, however, it formed a copolymer with SO 2 in relatively good yields. The molecular weights of the cyclopolymers were around 1,700-6,000 g-mol, as estimated by SEC. The cyclo-copolymer was stable up to 226 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a free-radical cyclo-copolymerization of a neutral alkyldiallylamine derivative with SO 2. These polymers represent a novel class of carbocyclic polynucleotides. © 2012 by the authors.Agrawal S, 1999, BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR, V1489, P53, DOI 10.1016-S0167-4781(99)00141-4; Ai H, 2002, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V3, P560, DOI 10.1021-bm015659r; AKASHI M, 1977, MAKROMOL CHEM, V178, P353; Ali SA, 1998, J APPL POLYM SCI, V69, P1329, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1097-4628(19980815)69:71329::AID-APP73.0.CO;2-G; Ali SA, 2001, POLYMER, V42, P2785, DOI 10.1016-S0032-3861(00)00665-0; Al-Muallem HA, 2002, POLYMER, V43, P4285, DOI 10.1016-S0032-3861(02)00251-3; Armentrout RS, 2000, MACROMOLECULES, V33, P2944, DOI 10.1021-ma991531e; BUTLER GB, 1982, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V15, P370, DOI 10.1021-ar00083a005; Chen JC, 2003, J APPL POLYM SCI, V90, P1662, DOI 10.1002-app.12834; Gorbunova M, 2009, POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL, V20, P209, DOI 10.1002-pat.1253; Gorbunova M, 2009, INT J POLYM ANAL CH, V14, P575, DOI 10.1080-10236660903225445; Han MJ, 2000, ADV POLYM SCI, V153, P1; HARADA S, 1966, MAKROMOLEKUL CHEM, V90, P177; LITT M, 1960, J POLYM SCI, V45, P379, DOI 10.1002-pol.1960.1204514608; Miller KJ, 1998, PHARM SCI TECHNOL TO, V1, P377, DOI 10.1016-S1461-5347(98)00098-4; Hamma T, 1999, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V38, P15333, DOI 10.1021-bi991962p; MILLIGAN JF, 1993, J MED CHEM, V36, P1923, DOI 10.1021-jm00066a001; Odian G, 2004, PRINCIPLES POLYM, P144; OTTENBRITE RM, 1980, IND ENG CHEM PROD RD, V19, P528, DOI 10.1021-i360076a009; Pei RJ, 2001, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V2, P463, DOI 10.1021-bm0001289; PITHA J, 1968, J ORG CHEM, V33, P1341, DOI 10.1021-jo01268a006; Rullens F, 2006, CHEM MATER, V18, P3078, DOI 10.1021-cm060209x; Sawada H, 1997, J FLUORINE CHEM, V84, P141, DOI 10.1016-S0022-1139(97)00050-X; Schuller W.H., 1959, J CHEM ENG DATA, V4, P273, DOI 10.1021-je60003a021; Shatila RS, 2006, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V47, P1767, DOI 10.1016-j.tetlet.2006.01.035; SOLOMON DH, 1976, J MACROMOL SCI R M C, VC 15, P143; Timofeeva L.M., 2005, POLYM SCI SER A, V47, P273; Timofeeva LM, 2006, DOKL PHYS CHEM, V406, P53, DOI 10.1134-S0012501606020072; Timofeeva LM, 2009, BIOMACROMOLECULES, V10, P2976, DOI 10.1021-bm900435v; Tsai JY, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P1235, DOI 10.1021-jo026379k; Tuzun NS, 2007, INT J QUANTUM CHEM, V107, P894, DOI 10.1002-qua.21227; Tuzun NS, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P6369, DOI 10.1021-jo034033j; UEDA N, 1968, MAKROMOL CHEM, V120, P13; UHLMANN E, 1990, CHEM REV, V90, P543, DOI 10.1021-cr00102a001; Ustyuzhanin G.E., 1978, CHEM HETEROCYCL COMP, V14, P562, DOI 10.1007-BF00673345; Vasilieva YA, 2000, RUSS CHEM B+, V49, P431, DOI 10.1007-BF02494771; Vivekanandam TS, 2005, J APPL POLYM SCI, V98, P1548, DOI 10.1002-app.22073; Vivekanandam TS, 2000, EUR POLYM J, V36, P385, DOI 10.1016-S0014-3057(99)00071-3; Wang GJ, 1998, J PHYS ORG CHEM, V11, P305, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1099-1395(199805)11:5305::AID-POC83.0.CO;2-K; Weber W, 2004, J BIOTECHNOL, V114, P315, DOI 10.1016-j.jbiotec.2004.07.014; Zhou JL, 1997, SYNTHETIC COMMUN, V27, P3591, DOI 10.1080-003979197080070810
Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture
No full textSiderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions. Under appropriate conditions, they synthesize and release siderophores, thereby increasing and regulating iron bioavailability. This review focuses on various bacterial strains that positively affect plant growth and development through synthesizing siderophores. Here we discuss the diverse chemical nature of siderophores produced by plant root bacteria; the life cycle of siderophores, from their biosynthesis to the Fe–siderophore complex degradation; three mechanisms of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria; the methods for analyzing siderophores and the siderophore-producing activity of bacteria and the methods for screening the siderophore-producing activity of bacterial colonies. Further analysis of biochemical, molecular–biological, and physiological features of siderophore synthesis by bacteria and their use by plants will allow one to create effective microbiological preparations for improving soil fertility and increasing plant biomass, which is highly relevant for sustainable agriculture
Interplay of Isomorphs and Polymorphs of Amidino-Copper(II) Complexes with Different Halides
No full textTo increase the number of potential materials for application as MRI contrast agents, several Cu(II) complexes were synthesized. Cu(II) complexes were chosen because they are less expensive in comparison with the presently used Gd(III), Mn(II) and other agents. Pyridine-2-carboximidamide (1), pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide (2) and pyrazole-2-carboximidamide (3) in the form of different salts along with CuCl2 and NaCl or CuBr2 and NaBr were used to obtain four Cu(II) complexes: dichloro-pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide copper(II) (4), dibromo-pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide copper(II) (5), dichloro-pirazole-2-carboximidamide copper(II) (6), and dibromo-pirazole-2-carboximidamide copper(II) (7). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that molecular complexes 4–7 contain square planar coordinated Cu(II) atoms and their structures are very similar, as well as their packing in crystals, which allows us to consider them isomorphs. The same synthetic approach to complex preparation where NaCl or NaBr was not used brought us to the formation of dimeric complexes μ-chloro{chloro(pyridine-2-carboximidamide)copper(II)} (8) and μ-chloro{chloro(pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide)copper(II)} (9). In the dimeric complexes, two fragments which were the same as in monomeric complexes 4–7 are held together by bridging Cu-Cl bonds making the coordination of Cu equal to 5 (square pyramid). In dimeric complexes, axial Cu-Cl bonds are 2.7360 and 2.854 Å. These values are Cu-Cl bonds on the edge of existence according to statistical data from CSD. Synthesized complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, TGA, PXRD, EPR, and quantum chemical calculations. The higher thermal stability of monomer pyrimidine-based complexes with Cl and Br substituents makes them more prospective for further studies
Systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular cloning and analysis of 22 individual recombinant monoclonal kappa light chains specifically hydrolyzing human myelin basic protein
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