247 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Need for cognition and burnout in teachers – A replication and extension study
No full textSupplemental Material for Need for cognition and burnout in teachers – A replication and extension study by Josephine Zerna, Nicole Engelmann, Anja Strobel and Alexander Strobel in Health Psychology Open</p
Letter from [author unknown] to John Muir, 1884 Apr 2
No full textDr. George Engelmann Born at Frankfurt on the Main, February 2nd, 1809 DIED, In the midst of his scientific labors at his more in St. Louis, on Monday, February 4th, 1884, in the seventy-fifth year of his age 3003 Locust Street, St. Louis March 10th, 1884https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmcl/44166/thumbnail.jp
The effects of climate on Engelmann spruce regeneration and vigor
No full text2017 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Recent climate modeling suggests that drought will become more frequent in the southern Rocky Mountains over the next century. Understanding how tree species will respond and adapt to this changing climate is vital to guide future management decisions by land managers. Future increases in drought frequency and severity will likely have an impact on the composition of forests. Modeling studies have been used to predict the effect that increasing drought will have on Engelmann spruce in southwest Colorado, but little field data has been gathered to validate this modeling. This study uses empirical data to test whether drought conditions are related to decreases in seedling establishment and tree vigor. Annual regeneration data from 1990 to 2009 was collected from 24 sites with 30-year PRISM precipitation normals ranging from 531 mm to 924 mm to determine if dry and wet sites respond differently to drought. Elevations of our study sites ranged from 3100 m to 3500 m above sea level. Among these 24 sites, we found the number of seedlings per hectare varied between 1804 and 18975. We used a mixed effects model to identify climate variables important to annual seedling establishment density. A separate provenance study on the White River National Forest was analyzed to identify drought effects on tree vigor. Engelmann spruce bareroot seedlings from twenty sources ranging from British Columbia to New Mexico were planted in 1970 at an elevation of 2930 m north of Vail, Colorado. Annual precipitation normals of the 20 seed sources ranged from 423 – 1918 mm. We collected increment cores from six to eight trees from each of the 20 seed sources in 2016, and standardized the chronology of each tree using standard dendrochronological techniques. We then analyzed the annual radial growth response of each provenance to a period of severe drought from 2000-2004 using both RWI and a resistance/resilience framework. For both parts of our study, we found weather variability and drought did not impact regeneration or vigor as much as hypothesized, suggesting regeneration and vigor of spruce in these high elevation forests are not reduced by contemporary levels of drought
Impacts of coarse woody debris and edge effects on Engelmann spruce regeneration
No full text2016 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) is a notoriously difficult species to regenerate, and there has been a history of regeneration failures following group selection cuts on the Uncompahgre Plateau. Our goal was to investigate edge effects and coarse woody debris management on regeneration success in group selection openings. Group selection is an uneven-aged system used in the West to regenerate high elevation spruce-fir forests with small (<1 ac) openings. We implemented an Engelmann spruce germination study on the Uncompahgre Plateau in group selection openings. Permanent plots were installed in spring of 2015. We altered microsite conditions by manipulating coarse woody debris amounts at varying distances from the north and south edges in combination with scarification. Findings show that the southern edge provides a benefit to spruce germination through 23 meters. Coarse woody debris was significantly beneficial at all distances from edge, and without coarse woody debris germination was extremely low
Low-level stratus mask from Polarstern during MOSAiC
No full textDaily files of low-level stratus (LLS) for the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition (Shupe et al., 2022). The LLS was detected following Griesche et al. (2020) based on near-range data from PollyXT (Engelmann et al., 2016) to extend the Cloudnet cloud properties derived for MOSAiC (Engelmann et al. 2023; doi:10.60656/59216bca3a304156) into the bild zone of the cloud radar (i.e. below 180 m altitude). The applied method was updated to the use of the attenuated backscatter (att bsc) instead of the signal-to-noise ratio to reduce the influence of changes in the system constant on the LLS detection. An LLS was identified when the att bsc exceeded a threshold of 4e-06 sr-1 m-1 below 180 m. Data issues caused by external drivers are documented in a separate issue tracking file (Griesche & Seifert, 2023; doi:10.5281/zenodo.7310858). Flagged data must be handled with care and should be excluded from statistical analyses. Issues tracking flags are identified by tethered balloon operation periods and experienced-eye observations of MOSAiC staff
Predatory and energetic relations of woodpeckers to the Engelmann spruce beetle
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.June, 1967.A general theory of the population dynamics of predator-prey systems was developed from a survey of pertinent literature. According to the theory, populations of simplified predator-prey systems fluctuate wildly and periodically. Complicating factors dampen the amplitude of the population fluctuations and thus exert a stabilizing influence on the systems. The predator-prey system between the Northern Three-toed, Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers, and the Engelmann spruce beetle was chosen for an investigation of the population dynamics of a natural predator-prey system. The population densities of several species of bark beetles attracted to trees killed and damaged by a fire on the study area in Northern Colorado, increased to levels that attracted the feeding attention of the woodpeckers. The numerical response of the woodpeckers to prey density was graded, that of the Northern Three-toed Woodpecker was the most pronounced and that of the Downy Woodpecker was the least pronounced. Spatial and temporal differences were noted in the foraging behavior of the three species of woodpeckers; similar but less apparent differences were also noted in the foraging behavior between the sexes of the Northern Three-toed and Hairy Woodpeckers. Both the interspecific and intersexual differences in foraging behavior were correlated with morphological and dietary differences. The metabolic demands of free-living woodpeckers were estimated by feeding diets of known caloric content to active woodpeckers in cages at several different ambient temperatures. Estimates were also made of the caloric content of Engelmann spruce beetle larvae and the rate at which they are digested by the woodpeckers. Combining these estimates with the estimates of the relative densities of woodpeckers, and the average number of spruce beetle larvae found per woodpecker stomach made it possible to calculate the number of larvae consumed by each species of woodpecker. This method gave results very similar to the usual method whereby the number of larvae surviving in bark protected from woodpeckers is compared with the number surviving in bark exposed to woodpeckers. Every aspect of the predator-prey system between woodpeckers and the Engelmann spruce beetle, except the number of larvae destroyed, conforms to general theory. The number of prey destroyed in this predator-prey system is higher than that known for any other system between vertebrate predators and invertebrate prey
Services science : fundamentals, challenges and future developments
No full textThe service sector has dominated advanced econmies for years. In many countries, it accounts for more than 70% of gross domestic product, and approximately the same percentage of all employees work in this sector. To reflect the economic relevance of the service sector, services science must be established as an academic discipline. But the path in pursuit of this goal is riddled with challenges, especially in the fields of services research, serviceoriented education and service-related collaborations. This book includes detailed articles and short statements on each field, written by academics and experts. They explain which challenges need to be met by research and academic training in the services community of the 21st century.
The contributions contained in this book reflect the content of presentations and statements given at the first German Services Science Conference
Untersuchungen zur Funktion enterischer Gliazellen bei der Vermittlung der angeborenen Immunantwort
No full textDie Gliazellen des enterischen Nervensystems galten lange Zeit lediglich als Packmaterial der Neuronen. Erst in den letzten Jahren rückte dieser Zelltyp in das Interesse der Forschung, weil mehrere Studien eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Erhaltung der Darmwandintegrität postulierten. Da bisher wenig über die immunphysiologischen Eigenschaften der enterischen Gliazellen bekannt war, wurde in dieser Arbeit deren Bedeutung bei der angeborenen intestinalen Immunantwort untersucht. Hierfür wurden Primärkulturen von enterischen Gliazellen eingesetzt, welche aus dem Plexus myentericus adulter Ratten stammten. Es wurde erstmalig nachgewiesen, dass enterische Gliazellen über Toll like und NOD-Rezeptoren (TLR 2, TLR 4, TLR 6, TLR 7, TLR 9, NOD 1, NOD 2) pathogene bakterielle Muster (PAMPs) erkennen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass eine enge Vernetzung zwischen den Toll-like-Rezeptoren besteht. Einerseits findet eine Liganden-spezifische Regulierung der Toll-like-Rezeptoren statt, anderseits beeinflussen TLR spezifische Liganden die mRNA-Expression weiterer Toll-like-Rezeptoren. In der Analyse der intrazellulären Signalweiterleitung konnte die Existenz verschiedener Adaptor- und Interaktionsmoleküle wie RICK und Myd88 sowie der IKK / NF κB Signalweg mit Degradierung von IκB α nach Aktivierung durch LPS belegt werden. Aktivierte enterische Gliazellen sind eine Quelle für pro- und anti-inflammatorische Interleukine (IL-1α, IL 1β, IL 6, IL-10, IL-12), TNF α und Chemokine (Ccl-2, Cxcl-9, Cxcl-10). Sie können somit weitere immunkompetente Zellen rekrutieren und agieren vermutlich als Schnittstelle zwischen der angeborenen und erworbenen Immunantwort. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit implizieren, dass es sich bei enterischen Gliazellen um einen zusätzlichen immunregulatorischen Zelltyp im Darm handelt, welcher aktiv bei der angeborenen Immunabwehr mitwirkt. Neben pro inflammatorischen Eigenschaften tragen enterische Gliazellen auch zur Darmprotektion während Entzündungsprozessen bei. Daraus ergibt sich eine komplexe Funktionalität der enterischen Gliazellen bei der immunologischen Homöostase im Darm
Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir stand dynamics in north central Colorado
No full text2015 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Stemwood biomass and production were measured in a 600-year chronosequence of stands consisting of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir in the Colorado Front Range. The stands were part of a chronosequence established and measured in 1984. The original chronosequence showed near-constant biomass of spruce after approximately 250 years of development. Spruce production also had remained nearly constant after an initial rise and fall during the first 250 years. Fir biomass decreased more than that of spruce after around 150 years. Fir biomass remained at lower consistent sub-dominate values through the end of the chronosequence. Fir's high production from early stand development decreased and remained constant after approximately 175 years of development. Changes over the most recent 29 years did not follow the patterns in the 1984 chronosequence: spruce biomass dropped by 70% with little change in fir biomass. This resulted in a 47% average decrease in total stand biomass since 1984. Stand biomass showed no relationship with stand age. Spruce beetle-kill appeared to have played a major role in live biomass decline in all stands. Net increment was negative in fir as increases in fir production were more than offset by fir mortality. The stands investigated have developed from post-fire initiation and, although there was no evidence of subsequent major disturbance in 1984, severe beetle infestation since then has altered expected trends in spruce-fir forest structure. Stand age pattern projections will likely continue to be altered by disturbances and changing disturbance regimes
Der Setting-Ansatz in der Gesundheitsförderung: Genealogie, Konzeption, Praxis, Evidenzbasierung
No full textDer Setting-Ansatz gilt in der Gesundheitsförderung als Schlüsselstrategie zur Umsetzung der Prinzipien der Ottawa-Charta. Er wird auf der einen Seite in großer Vielfalt praktisch realisiert und hat auf politischer Ebene Eingang in die Aktivitäten der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen zur Umsetzung des § 20 SGB V sowie die geplante Verabschiedung eines Präventionsgesetzes gefunden. Die konzeptionelle Basis des Setting-Ansatzes auf der anderen Seite ist geprägt durch eine Reihe von Unklarheiten, die sowohl die Definition und Eingrenzung von Settings, die zugrundeliegenden Wirkungstheorien als auch die methodischen Kernkomponenten wie Partizipation, Empowerment oder Strukturentwicklung betreffen. Eine Evidenzbasis des Setting-Ansatzes existiert aufgrund von vielfältigen Problemen der Evaluation und Verwertung der Ergebnisse noch nicht. Eine umfassende Darstellung des Diskurses über den Setting-Ansatz liegt in der Literatur ebenfalls noch nicht vor. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung und Zusammenführung der vorliegenden Erkenntnisse und Diskussionsstränge zu einem umfassenden Bild über die Hintergründe, den Status quo und die aktuellen Herausforderungen des Setting- Ansatzes in der Gesundheitsförderung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Ansatzpunkte zur konzeptionellen Klärung und Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes. -- In the field of health promotion the settings-based approach is considered a key strategy for the implementation of the principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. On the one hand, this approach has been put into practice in a great variety of ways; it has become part of the activities of (statutory) insurance funds for the implementation of § 20 SGB (Sozialgesetzbuch / Social Code) V and has been integrated into the law on prevention now under consideration. On the other hand, there are a number of uncertainties with regard to the definition of settings, the theoretical basis of the effectiveness of the settings approach as well as its methodical key components like participation, empowerment or structural development. Due to various problems regarding the evaluation and exploitation of results this approach does not yet have an evidence basis. A general overview on the discourse of the approach does not yet exist either. This paper therefore aims to gather existing knowledge, expertise, and discussions on the topic to give an extensive picture of the background, the state of the art as well as the present challenges of this approach in health promotion. Attention focuses on starting points for a conceptual clarification and development of the concept.
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