129 research outputs found
Disentangling Dyslexia: Phonological and Processing Impairment in Developmental Dyslexia
No full textAim of this work is to analyze thoroughly the most peculiar aspects of Developmental Dyslexia, focusing on its distribution and, especially, on its manifestations and possible causes, and to propose an original hypothesis able to account for the cognitive impairment underlying this disorder. It has been demonstrated in fact that dyslexia is not just an impairment preventing children from learning to read and spell properly, but that it is a more complex and articulated syndrome. Beyond the well-known reading and spelling difficulties, dyslexic individuals exhibit marked phonological disorders, vocabulary deficits and poor lexical retrieval, and problems in the comprehension of complex grammatical structures which involve high processing costs to be interpreted. Moreover, dyslexia is often associated to attention deficits arising in particular when the subject is required to focus on relevant stimuli filtering out those that are irrelevant and distracting. After a deep discussion of these aspects, the author analyzes the main theories developed through the decades to account for dyslexia, proposing then an original hypothesis able to account for all the manifestations associated to the disorder, the Phonological and Executive Working Memory Deficit Hypothesis. The results of an original experimental protocol reported in the book demonstrate that dyslexics suffer from a limitation affecting their Working Memory and hampering in particular their phonological memory and their executive functions. As a consequence, this impairment disrupts their phonological competence, resulting in poor reading and spelling skills, slows down their vocabulary development, and hampers their performance in complex tasks which are particularly demanding in terms of Working Memory resources. Three experimental protocols reviewed in the book have been developed to test this hypothesis, analyzing the comprehension of complex structures such as the interpretation of scalar implicatures, negative sentence and pronominal expressions. Consistently with the hypothesis presented in this work, results confirm that dyslexic children have significant difficulties in comparison to age-matched and even younger controls, suggesting that their poorly functioning phonological memory and executive functions hamper their performance in tasks requiring a good phonological competence and demanding a high amount of cognitive resources
Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: An interrelationship study among SANS/SAPS, PANSS and InSka rating scales
No full textAim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of statistic correlation of some of the best known instruments used for the assessment of the positive and negative symptomatology of schizophrenic patients. Methods. The evaluation rating scales PANSS, SAPS/SANS and InSka in the Italian version have been used. The scales have been submitted, through the joined interview method, to 28 DSM-IV schizophrenic patients living in some community units of our department, with at least 5 year illness. We have used the scores resulting from the submission of each rating scale to get to the definition of the syndrome diagnosis following the rules stated by each author. We have then compared these diagnosis (syndromic diagnosis interrelation), the simple scores of each subscale (subscale interrelation) and the subscales of PANSS and SAPS/SANS for the structure correlation evaluation. Results. A substantial positive correlation among the tools used has been noticed. This correlation was higher for the negative syndrome diagnosis (Spearman's p=0.503; P<0.01) and for the correlation between the subscales evaluating the negative symptoms (Pearson's r=0.668; P<0.01). The correlation between very different instruments such as the scale of evaluation of the apathy syndrome and the scale of evaluation of the PANSS general psychophatology has proved statistically significant (Pearson's r=0.689; P<0.01). Conclusion. Even if based on a poor sample, the results seem to support the research hypothesis and to confirm the litterature data. On the basis of our experience we can confirm the validity of the support given by these instruments both in research and in clinical practice
Como vender mais barato sempre? Um relato autoetnográfico da implantação do Extra Hipermercados com uma estratégia de discount
No full textEste trabalho é uma autoetnografia que relata a história do autor na implantação dos Hipermercados Extra, no início da década de 1990, como uma rede de Discount, bem como reflete sobre as ações e decisões que possibilitaram tal implantação. A escolha pelo método autoetnográfico permite que o relato seja feito de forma mais aprofundada, pois são observações e lembranças refletidas pelo próprio autor, que, à época, teve ação determinante para que se chegasse a um resultado de sucesso. Essa experiência vivida há quase trinta anos está refletida à luz das literaturas acadêmicas mais recentes. O trabalho utiliza, além da memória do autor, material de mídia impressa em arquivo próprio de seu site1 e arquivos de meios de comunicação. A presente pesquisa também discute o ponto de vista do autor sobre o estabelecimento de parcerias com fornecedores, assim como a literatura existente sobre vender mais barato. Conclui-se que o Discount no varejo alimentar é o modelo de gestão que mais cresce no mundo, e que a pergunta Como vender mais barato sempre?” se mantém relevante no Brasil com os atacarejos. Por fim, sugere-se que hoje, com o Big Data e Analytics, estudos e aplicações práticas mais abrangentes são bastante viáveis e podem ser realizadas.This work is an autoethnography which reports the story of its author in the implementation of Hipermercados Extra as a discount network in the early 1990s, as well as it reflects on the actions and decisions which made such implementation possible. The autoethnographic method allows a more in-depth account, since it brings the observations and recollections reflected by the author himself, who at that time played a decisive role in order to achieve a successful outcome. This experience of decades ago is reflected in the light of the latest academic literature. Besides the author's memory, this work makes use of print media from the author’s private files. This research also discusses the author's point of view on establishing partnerships with suppliers, as well as the existing literature on selling at the lowest price. It concludes that Discount in food retail is the fastest growing management model in the world, and the question ‘how to always sell at the cheapest price’ remains relevant in Brazil, with the growth of the ‘atacarejos’. Finally, it suggests that nowadays, with Big Data and Analytics, more studies and practical applications are quite feasible and should be accomplishable
Mandamiento del Virrey prohíbiendo a los mineros de Pachuca que traten y contraten sal mineral ni maiz, 1580 Febrero 27
No full textReal orden del Virrey prohibiendo a los mineros de Pachuca comprar y vender sal mineral o maíz. —— Royal order from the Viceroy prohibiting Pachuca's miners from buying and selling mineral salt or corn. Extent: 1 f. (2 p.
El jesuita. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 64 (2006) mayo-agosto
No full text“Fuimos a la misma escuela, al Collegio Massimo, el antiguo colegio de los jesuitas en el que los hijos de la clase media romana compartían el aula sin mezclarse con los descendientes de la aristocracia “negra”. Juntos fuimos responsables de un acto colectivo que consistió en saludar al maestro de francés con la palabra Escita susurrada por treinta bocas, y también de la edición de una revista escolar en mimeógrafo, una iniciativa estrictamente prohibida por los padres. Jugamos futbol e hicimos estallar minas caseras en el mismo terreno baldío. Estuvimos enamorados de Pearl White y en su nombre hicimos infinidad de cosas fuera de la norma y deshonestas, como vender los libros de texto y hurtar dinero de las carteras de nuestros padres con tal de no perdernos el siguiente episodio de Los misterios de Nueva York”
¿Historia interpretativa o historia cualitativa?. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 25 (1991) octubre-marzo
No full text1 M. Gallant, "Fairy Tales and Other Cruelties", en The New York Time, Book Review, 12 de febrero, 1984, p. 12.2 W.H. Sewll, Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848, Cambridge 1980; R. Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790, Chapel Hill 1982.3 "A Printing Shop across the Border", en The Literary Underground of the Old Regime, Cambridge, Mass., 1982, pp. 148-66.4 R. Williams, The Sociology of Culture, New York, 1982, pp. 15-16.5 Ibid., p. 16.6 J. Henretta, "Ethnography. Drama and Historical Method", en Past and Present, 101 (1983), pp. 168-61.7 Mesmerism and the End of Enlightenment in France, Cambridge, Mass., 1968; The Business of Enlightenment: a Publishing History of the Encyclopedie, 1775-1800, Cambridge, Mass., 1979; The Literary Underground of the Old Regime.Tomado de Quaderni Stonci 58, abril 1985. En el mundito de los historiadores americanos que se ocupan de Francia, la publicación de The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History, de Robert Darnton es un gran acontecimiento literario. En un país como los Estados Unidos, donde el abismo entre la investigación histórica académica y el público culto es quizá más grande que en cualquier otro lugar del mundo occidental, cuando las monografías de historia europea tienen gran éxito logran vender algunos miles de copias. The Great Cat Massacre recibió calurosas reseñas en revistas de gran difusión como The New York Times Book Reuiew y The New Republic (que reseñan sólo una pequeña parte de los libros de producción académica), agotó rápidamente los diez mil ejemplares de la primera edición y promete vender muchos más. El autor apareció en TV para discutir sus investigaciones -un hecho normal en Francia y en Italia, pero extraordinario en Estados Unidos para un especialista en la Francia del siglo XVIII. Continuamente encuentro amigos y conocidos que apenas terminaron de leerlo y se dicen entusiasmados. Darnton crea una guía para una masa de lectores, elegantemente narrada y con elegancia de estilo, pero también hábilmente cercana al sentido común
THE EMERGING OF A MULTILATERAL FORUM FOR DEBT RESTRUCTURING: THE PARIS CLUB
No full textThis paper describes the evolution of intergovernmental relationships on debt rescheduling. It starts describing some experiences that aroused in the 18th Century and which negotiations were carried out, in many occasions, with the help of gunboat diplomacy. The settlement of liabilities that were created at the aftermath of the two 20th Century World Wars, which were – at least for some countries –- not exactly debt but war reparations, gave some insights in how to deal with these problems allowing the debtor country to find its own path to get out of the debt overhang. The settlement of these foreign liabilities may give some guidelines for dealing with debt restructuring in more general cases The creation of the Paris Club – which is a very civilized way to settle debt defaults compared to gunboat diplomacy – is analyzed and described here: first its emergency as an ad hoc transitory institution and later its evolution toward its definitive establishment in the international financial system landscape. It is also suggested that for a combination of events, which included the launch in Evian of the G-8’s so-called Evian Approach for the Paris Club, as well as the lack of support of some major industrialized countries to the implementation of a Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism (SDRM), the Paris Club has become the only feasible international intergovernmental debt restructuring mechanism in spite of numerous shortcomings embodied in it. On this basis, some improvements of the actual mechanism are proposed, without precluding the possibility of the implementation of a more equilibrated SDRM in the future.
Complementors’ Behavior: Cause of Complementors’ Undesirable Product Launch to Multi-sided Markets
No full textAbstractExpectation of both sales and profit acts as an incentive structure for complementors, such as software vender, record rebels, TV program studio and so on. Because this expectation changes along with the product lifecycle progress, complementors’ behavior tends to be undesirable for multi-sided platform operators. Thus multi-sided platform operators have to manage the quality and variety of complements developed by external companies in order to sustain their sound ecosystem and to keep them growing. Otherwise the moral hazard problems between multi-sided platform operators and complementors cause the market failure of multi-sided platform to destroy their ecosystem. In this paper, I illustrated the mechanism of the moral hazard problem occurring firstly. Secondly I discussed the methodology to control the complementors’ product development investment especially focusing on the price structure of platforms. At the last section I drew the limitation of the price structure control method from the discussion
Los mexicanos redescubren la tradición. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 66-67 (2007) enero-agosto
No full textLa temporada de verano en México ofrece varias perspectivas de interés, entre las cuales un ítem muy atractivo es la exposición de pinturas coloniales que, habiendo salido de contrabando, hace poco recuperó el gobierno. La historia que hay detrás de estas pinturas es deliciosa crema política para Fernando Gamboa, titular del departamento de artes plásticas del Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, y una pluma en el tocado de buen vecino del jefe de la policía de San Francisco. Tal parece que alguien en San Francisco escuchó que un lote de antigüedades mexicanas se estaba ofreciendo a la venta de una manera bastante misteriosa, fue a echar un vistazo y dio aviso al consulado de México. Gamboa llegó en avión a la escena y, con la policía de California cubriéndole la espalda, descubrió que se trataba de algo más que de un lote. La pista, rastreada en el mejor estilo Perry Mason, condujo a la casa en Los Ángeles de un excéntrico millonario que murió en fechas recientes dejando una amplia colección de arte, de arte colonial mexicano en buena medida, que ahora sus herederos se habían puesto a vender a toda prisa. La mayor parte de esta colección, una vez localizada, resultó estar integrada por materiales que no habrían podido cruzar la frontera de forma ortodoxa, y que obviamente así no fue como la cruzaron. Muchas de las pinturas estaban muy dobladas, pues se las plegó para formar bultos pequeños. Era evidente que a algunas de ellas se las empleó como maletines de tela y otras estaban tan manchadas y raspadas que al parecer las pasaron debajo de la alfombra de un automóvil. El gobierno mexicano puso una demanda por todas las pinturas que fue posible localizar, ochocientas en total, las cuales tal vez sí o tal vez no eran parte de la colección original
De la retórica a la erística en la industria editorial y en el folletín: " María, la hija de un jornalero" de Ayguals de Izco
No full textMary was the most successful serial novel published in Spain in the XIX century, because its author
was also owner of an important Publishing Group. This novel describes the plight of the urban
working classes and the Spain´s History from 1834 to 1837 as a literary device to pursue of his
political ideology. This essay analizes Ayguals method, according to Schopenhauer, Eristic DialecticEl gran éxito de María�, debe mucho al hecho de que su autor era propietario del primer
y mayor trust editorial español especializado en folletines. Gran estratega comercial,
adula al pueblo, recrea acontecimientos históricos de 1833-1837 y desarrolla su ideología
populista. Analizamos el paso de la retórica a la erística que persigue convencer y vender
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