14 research outputs found
Establishing community based and managed saving and credit group systems to people living with HIV/AIDS in Marumbo Ward in Kisarawe District
No full textThis project is about establishing community managed saving and credit groups system to the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) for improving the family's income. According to the study findings, most of the PLWHA had improved their health status after receiving home based care services from Jipeni Moyo Women and Community Development Organization (JIMOWACO). 68% of the PLWHA said their health statuses improved and were able to work. For their family livelihood, 50% depended on small business and farming, but the size of these activities are small due to lack of financial capital. The majority (71%) do not have cash savings for expanding their business capital base, hence what they earn, just from hand to mouth. The project was planned to start in six villages of Marumbo Ward in Kisarawe district. The project so far had managed to identify a development partner who is willing to support the training sessions to community saving and credit group members through covering the costs for buying working kits and facilitation expenses. The community mobilization sessions had started whereby the end of January 07, three community interest groups were formed and they were waiting for the training sessions to begin. Home based program programs have proven to support the well being of PLWHAs, but the interventions needs to ensure supporting strategies to improve family livelihood .The increase in family income will have a significant impact on improving the food intake to meet their highly nutrition requirements, which almost doubles with HIV/AIDS and utilization of the antiretroviral drugs. (Author abstract)Shija, A. E. (2007). Establishing community based and managed saving and credit group systems to people living with HIV/AIDS in Marumbo Ward in Kisarawe District. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Kalket gjuhësore në romanin Shija e bukës së mbrûme të Ernest Koliqit
No full textThe essay examines the linguistic calques in Ernest Koliqi’s Shija e bukës së mbrûme novel, following a similar study on the two novellas Hija e maleve e Tregtár flamujsh by the same author. The survey of the study on the calque ends focusing on the model language, Italian, which has been and still is the most important linguistic referent for the Albanian language with regards to the coinage of numerous neologisms. On the basis of typology, the study focuses on the structural calque with specific reference to perfect structural calque and imperfect structural calque. For practical purposes, these categories are divided into derivational calque and compositional calque, both studied analytically. The specular categorical classification, in the two languages, is accompanied by the identification and characterization of the differences realization of the calque in the target language. Also phrasal calques are divided into perfect and imperfect and the difference in typology of phraseological units with co-occurrences (ie, collocations) is evidenced. Neologisms in this category involving Italian loans, already acquired and stabilized, constitute a separate group. The syntactic calques found are few, they are not established and do not affect the structure of the Albanian language.
The semantic calques are largely a result of enlargement of the meanings with the figurative use of terms that are already synonymical in the two languages.
The phenomenon of linguistic calque in the novel is primarily concerned with the grammatical categories of the name, the adjective and the adverb. In addition to common headwords, Koliqi introduces in Albanian language neologisms of medical, biological, religious, literary and academic terminology
THE REVIEW ON THE IMPORTANCE OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN VARIETIES THAT WERE/ARE REGARDED AS THE GOLD OF SOME TRIBES IN TANZANIA
No full textAbstract: In Tanzania, banana breeding and research programs have their efforts focused on breeding for resistance to diseases, pest, and yields. Less or no research has focused on economic impact of local varieties preferred by banana consumers. The banana preferred landrace cultivars (Mchare, Sukari Ndizi, Mzuzu, Ndyali, Nshakala and Ntobe), which are regarded as gold of some tribes are now wiping away. The wiping away is reported due to pest, disease, climate and introduction of new cultivars, therefore demands special research attention. This review used online resource to identify challenges facing banana and plantain varieties that are regarded as gold of some tribe. These banana varieties have proven to fetch higher market prices locally and internationally due to their preferred good qualities and traditional roles. Many banana growing ethnic groups have valued these cultivars as medicinal, main source of special foods and cash, as well as valuable item used in traditional and cultural events besides being attractive ornamental plants. Susceptibility of these varieties to disease and pests, low yield traits together with lack of proper research attention, makes them slowly disappearing in the banana production eco-system. This calls for attention to all banana Stakeholders to come together and find out a proper link between the breeding and end users (consumers and market stakeholders), that will make these banana as key commodities to be researched so that their contribution to rural poverty eradication can be realized.
Keywords: Cultivar, Stakeholders, Pest, Disease, Diploid, Polyploid, Inter and intraspecific Hybridization, Pseudocercospora fijiensis, Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana.
Title: THE REVIEW ON THE IMPORTANCE OF BANANA AND PLANTAIN VARIETIES THAT WERE/ARE REGARDED AS THE GOLD OF SOME TRIBES IN TANZANIA
Author: Kennedy Elisha, Jomanga, Shija Shilunga, Lucas, Ashiraf Rweyemela, Mgenzi, Rosemary Frank, Simba
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022
Page No: 50-61
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 25-August-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7022847
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/THE%20REVIEW%20ON%20THE%20IMPORTANCE-25082022-4.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Maternal health in fifty years of Tanzania independence: Challenges and opportunities of reducing maternal mortality
Get PDFHigh rate of maternal death is one of the major public health concerns in Tanzania. Most of maternal deaths are caused by factors attributed to pregnancy, childbirth and poor quality of health services. More than 80% of maternal deaths can be prevented if pregnant women access essential maternity care and assured of skilled attendance at childbirth as well as emergency obstetric care. The objective of this review was to analyse maternal mortality situation in Tanzania during the past 50 years and to identify efforts, challenges and opportunities of reducing it. This paper was written through desk review of key policy documents, technical reports, publications and available internet-based literature. From 1961 to 1990 maternal mortality ratio in Tanzania had been on a downward trend from 453 to 200 per 100,000 live births. However, from 1990’s there been an increasing trend to 578 per 100,000 live births. Current statistics indicate that maternal mortality ratio has dropped slightly in 2010 to 454 per 100,000 live births. Despite a high coverage (96%) in pregnant women who attend at least one antenatal clinic, only half of the women (51%) have access to skilled delivery. Coverage of emergence obstetric services is 64.5% and utilization of modern family planning method is 27%. Only about 13% of home deliveries access post natal check-up. Despite a number of efforts maternal mortality is still unacceptably high. Some of the efforts done to reduce maternal mortality in Tanzania included the following initiatives: reproductive and child survival; increased skilled delivery; maternal death audit; coordination and integration of different programs including maternal and child health services, family planning, malaria interventions, expanded program on immunization and adolescent health and nutrition programmes. These initiatives are however challenged by inadequate access to maternal health care services. In order to considerably reduce maternal deaths some of recommended strategies include: (i) strengthening the health system to provide skilled attendance during child birth; (ii) upgrading rural health centres to provide emergency obstetric services; (iii) providing adolescent and male friendly family planning services; (iv) strengthening public–private partnership to ensure continuum of care; (v) supporting operational research to answer the immediate concerns of the health system; and (vi) strengthening community participation and women empowerment to take role of their own health and the family at large. In conclusion, maternal mortality ratio in Tanzania is unacceptably high and still very far from reaching the millennium development goals. Maternal health care services should focus on ensuring there is continuum of care through strengthening the health system; provision of good quality of health care in a well organized referral health system and operation research to support programme implementation
Su Shi in razcvet tem v poeziji ci – na primeru pesmi na melodijo »Mesečina na Zahodni reki«
Get PDFThe study explains characteristics of ci 詞 poetry and uses fifteen of Su Shi’s 蘇軾 (1037–1101) ci poems written to the tune “Moonlight over the West River”, translated by the author of this study, to investigate Su Shi’s treatment of ci poetry as shi 詞 poetry (以詩為 詞), as well as the themes of these poems. The examples show that in both his traditional and innovative poems Su Shi expands the themes with allusions, relying on borrowings from literary, historic, and philosophical works, and making associations with stories, events, and people from history, mythology, and literature.Študija razloži značilnosti poezije ci 詞 in na primeru enega najpomembnejših pesnikov oblike ci iz dinastije Song (960–1279), Su Shija 蘇軾 (1037–1101), in njegovih petnajst pesmi, ki jih je napesnil na melodijo ・・Mesečina na Zahodni reki・・, razišče njegovo inovativnost pri širjenju tematike v obliki ci s pristopom našanja elementov poezije shi 詩 v poezijo ci (以詩為詞). Teh petnajst Su Shijevih pesmi, ki jih je iz kitajščine prepesnila avtorica študije, kaže tematsko pestrost, ki je poezija ci pred Su Shijem ni poznala. Tako v tradicionalnih kot inovativnih pesmih Su Shi širi tematiko s pomočjo aluzij, sposojanjem elementov iz literarnih, zgodovinskih, filozofskih del in z ustvarjanjem asociacij na zgodbe, dogodke in osebe iz zgodovine, mitologije in literature.
leaf powder supplementation on reducing anemia in children below two years in Kisarawe District, Tanzania
No full textKnowledge and utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among pregnant women in Tanzania
Get PDFBackground: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among children is mainly vectored through mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission strategy is highly effective; however, its accessibility and utilization is affected by the lack of knowledge among other factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal care attendees in two districts in Tanzania to determine their knowledge and utilization of the prevention of MTCT services.
Results: We interviewed 160 antenatal care attendees aged 18-45 years with a mean (SD) age of 30.4 (6.3) years; 74 (46.2 %) were HIV-infected. HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly correct knowledge of HIV (p=0.001) and AIDS (p=0.014) than uninfected individuals. HIV-infected women also significantly demonstrated correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy than HIV-uninfected women (p=0.016) and during delivery (p=0.005). A significant proportion of HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during pregnancy can reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (p<0.039), but only 6 (3.75%) of all women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during delivery can significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission. HIV-infected women had significant comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (p=0.001) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (p=0.006) than HIV-negative women. Comprehensive knowledge prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was low among the study participants. Male partners’ involvement in maternal antenatal care was significantly higher among HIV-infected women than males from the HIV-infected women group (p<0.006).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated inadequate knowledge of PMTCT among women who made ANC visits. HIV uninfected women had poorer knowledge compared to the HIV-infected ones. Routine HIV counseling and testing services were highly accepted among these women
Historical environmental change in Africa drives divergence and admixture of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?
Get PDFIncreasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease vectors. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future disease risks. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by Ae. aegypti's adaption to human-modified environments. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in this invasion requires characterization of the genetic make-up of the source population(s). The application of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to sequence data from four nuclear and one mitochondrial marker revealed that African populations of Ae. aegypti best fit a demographic model of lineage diversification, historical admixture and recent population structuring. As ancestral Ae. aegypti were dependent on forests, this population history is consistent with the effects of forest fragmentation and expansion driven by Pleistocene climatic change. Alternatively, or additionally, historical human movement across the continent may have facilitated their recent spread and mixing. ABC analysis and haplotype networks support earlier inferences of a single out-of-Africa colonization event, while a cline of decreasing genetic diversity indicates that Ae. aegypti moved first from Africa to the Americas and then to Asia. ABC analysis was unable to verify this colonization route, possibly because the genetic signal of admixture obscures the true colonization pathway. By increasing genetic diversity and forming novel allelic combinations, divergence and historical admixture within Africa could have provided the adaptive potential needed for the successful worldwide spread of Ae. aegypti
Historical environmental change in Africa drives divergence and admixture of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?
No full textIncreasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease
vectors. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is
both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future dis-
ease risks. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and
Zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by Ae. aegypti’s adaption to
human-modified environments. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in
this invasion requires characterization of the genetic make-up of the source population
(s). The application of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to sequence data from
four nuclear and one mitochondrial marker revealed that African populations of
Ae. aegypti best fit a demographic model of lineage diversification, historical admixture
and recent population structuring. As ancestral Ae. aegypti were dependent on forests,
this population history is consistent with the effects of forest fragmentation and
expansion driven by Pleistocene climatic change. Alternatively, or additionally, histori-
cal human movement across the continent may have facilitated their recent spread and
mixing. ABC analysis and haplotype networks support earlier inferences of a single
out-of-Africa colonization event, while a cline of decreasing genetic diversity indicates
that Ae. aegypti moved first from Africa to the Americas and then to Asia. ABC analy-
sis was unable to verify this colonization route, possibly because the genetic signal of
admixture obscures the true colonization pathway. By increasing genetic diversity and
forming novel allelic combinations, divergence and historical admixture within Africa
could have provided the adaptive potential needed for the successful worldwide
spread of Ae. aegypti
Historical environmental change in Africa drives divergence and admixture of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?
No full textIncreasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease
vectors. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is
both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future dis-
ease risks. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and
Zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by Ae. aegypti’s adaption to
human-modified environments. Understanding the evolutionary processes involved in
this invasion requires characterization of the genetic make-up of the source population
(s). The application of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to sequence data from
four nuclear and one mitochondrial marker revealed that African populations of
Ae. aegypti best fit a demographic model of lineage diversification, historical admixture
and recent population structuring. As ancestral Ae. aegypti were dependent on forests,
this population history is consistent with the effects of forest fragmentation and
expansion driven by Pleistocene climatic change. Alternatively, or additionally, histori-
cal human movement across the continent may have facilitated their recent spread and
mixing. ABC analysis and haplotype networks support earlier inferences of a single
out-of-Africa colonization event, while a cline of decreasing genetic diversity indicates
that Ae. aegypti moved first from Africa to the Americas and then to Asia. ABC analy-
sis was unable to verify this colonization route, possibly because the genetic signal of
admixture obscures the true colonization pathway. By increasing genetic diversity and
forming novel allelic combinations, divergence and historical admixture within Africa
could have provided the adaptive potential needed for the successful worldwide
spread of Ae. aegypti
