165 research outputs found
Souvenirs d’un révolutionnaire arménien de Rouben : entre épopée et Mémoires
No full textLes sept volumes des mémoires de Rouben (Minas Ter Minassian 1882‑1951), Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակնեը, (Souvenirs d’un révolutionnaire arménien) publiés à Los Angeles de 1951 à 1952, puis réédités à différentes reprises à Beyrouth à partir de 1972, constituent une source sans équivalent de l’historiographie arménienne non soviétique du xxe siècle. L’article souligne l’originalité des Mémoires en tant que source sur le « pays arménien » dans l’Empire ottoman avant le Génocide de 1915. Il aborde la personnalité de leur auteur en tant que révolutionnaire, mémorialiste et homme d’État.The memoirs of Ruben (Minas Ter Minassian 1882‑1951), in seven volumes (The Memoirs of an Armenian revolutionary -Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակնեը), published between 1951 and 1952 in Los Angeles and re‑issued several times in Beirut from 1972 onwards, represent an unparalleled source for twentieth‑century non‑Soviet Armenian historiography. This entry underscores the memoirs’ originality as a source for ‘the country of Armenians’ within the Ottoman Empire before the Genocide of 1915. It also discusses the personality of the author as a revolutionary, memorialist and statesman.Ռուբենի (Մինաս Տեր‑Մինասյան 1882‑1951) հուշերը յոթ հատորով (Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակները) հրատարակված1951‑1952թթ.-ին Լոս Անջելեսում և հետագայում՝ սկսած 1972թ.‑ից, վերահրատարակված մի քանի անգամ Բեյրութում, հանդիսանում են հայոց պատմագրության ոչ‑սովետական եզակի աղբյուր: Հոդվածը ընդգծում է հուշերի նշանակությունը որպես ինքնատիպ պատմական աղբյուր մինչև 1915թ.‑ի ցեղասպանությունը Օսմանյան կայսրության մեջ գոյություն ունեցող «հայոց երկրի» մասին: Այն նաև ներկայացնում է հեղինակին որպես հեղափոխական, հուշագիր և պետական այր
Infection in the immunocompromised host [Book Review]
No full textReview of Oxford Specialist Handbook: Infection in the immunocompromised host Simon Fox, Brian Angus, Angela Minassian, Thomas Rowlinson Oxford University Press, 2018 pp 384, £39·99 ISBN 978-019878998
Genetic diagnosis in Lafora disease: Genotype-phenotype correlations and diagnostic pitfalls
No full textLafora disease (LD) can be diagnosed by skin biopsy, but this approach has both false negatives and false positives. Biopsies of other organs can also be diagnostic but are more invasive. Genetic diagnosis is also possible but can be inconclusive, for example, in patients with only one heterozygous EPM2A mutation and patients with apparently homozygous EPM2B mutations where one parent is not a carrier of the mutation. We sought to identify occult mutations and clarify the genotypes and confirm the diagnosis of LD in patients with apparent nonrecessive disease inheritance. We used single nucleotide polymorphism, quantitative PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses. We identified large EPM2A and EPM2B deletions undetectable by PCR in the heterozygous state and describe simple methods for their routine detection. We report a coding sequence change in several patients and describe why the pathogenic role of this change remains unclear. We confirm that adult-onset LD is due to EPM2B mutations. Finally, we report major intrafamilial heterogeneity in age at onset in LD. ©2007AAN Enterprises, Inc.Andrade DM, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P1611; Baykan B, 2005, EPILEPSIA, V46, P1695, DOI 10.1111-j.1528-1167.2005.00272.x; BUSARD HLSM, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P599, DOI 10.1002-ana.410210613; CARPENTER S, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P63, DOI 10.1002-ana.410100116; Chan EM, 2004, NEUROLOGY, V63, P565; Chan EM, 2003, NAT GENET, V35, P125, DOI 10.1038-ng1238; Chan EM, 2004, HUM MOL GENET, V13, P1117, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddh130; Fernandez-Barreiro A, 1999, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V66, P114; Fernandez-Sanchez ME, 2003, HUM MOL GENET, V12, P3161, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddg340; Footitt DR, 1997, J NEUROL, V244, P40; Franceschetti S, 2006, EPILEPSIA, V47, P640, DOI 10.1111-j.1528-1167.2006.00479.x; Ganesh S, 2002, HUM MOL GENET, V11, P1263, DOI 10.1093-hmg-11.11.1263; Ganesh S, 2004, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V313, P1101, DOI 10.1016-j.bbrc.2003.12.043; Ganesh S, 2000, HUM MOL GENET, V9, P2251; Gentry MS, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P8501, DOI 10.1073-pnas.0503285102; Gomez-Abad C, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V64, P982; Gomez-Garre P, 2000, EUR J HUM GENET, V8, P946, DOI 10.1038-sj.ejhg.5200571; Ianzano Leonarda, 2005, Hum Mutat, V26, P397, DOI 10.1002-humu.9376; KAUFMAN MA, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1246; Lafora GR, 1911, Z GESAMTE NEUROL PSY, V6, P1, DOI 10.1007-BF02863929; Lohi H, 2005, HUM MOL GENET, V14, P2727, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddi306; Lohi Hannes, 2006, Adv Neurol, V97, P399; Messouak O, 2002, REV NEUROL-FRANCE, V158, P74; Minassian BA, 1998, NAT GENET, V20, P171, DOI 10.1038-2470; Minassian BA, 2001, PEDIATR NEUROL, V25, P21, DOI 10.1016-S0887-8994(00)00276-9; Minassian BA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P341; Minassian BA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V54, P488; Singh S, 2005, J HUM GENET, V50, P347, DOI 10.1007-s10038-005-0263-7; Van Heycop Ten Ham MV, 1974, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V15, P382; Wang JY, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P2377, DOI 10.1074-jbc.C100686200; Wang W, 2004, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V325, P726, DOI 10.1016-j.bbrc.2004.10.08321211
Le paysage de la gentrification à Barcelone
No full textCet article présente en quoi le paysage urbain permet d’appréhender le phénomène de gentrification. En mettant en évidence la rareté des travaux espagnols sur la gentrification et en s’appuyant sur un corpus photographique de Ciutat Vella (le centre médiéval et pré-XIXe siècle de Barcelone), l’auteur cherche à souligner l’apport de cette méthodologie pour comprendre un phénomène qui modifie en profondeur le paysage urbain et social. L’article s’appuie sur la lecture du paysage urbain élaborée par S. Rimbert et les réflexions de D. Mendibil et J.-M. Schaeffer sur la photographie. Il propose un parcours photographique autour de l’opération de rénovation de la « Rambla del Raval » dans le quartier du Raval (district de Ciutat Vella), spécifique par son histoire, son contexte socio-économique et son rôle dans l’imaginaire collectif à l’échelle de l’agglomération. Cette lecture complète l’approche quantitative et met en évidence la juxtaposition de phénomènes contradictoires autour de la Rambla del Raval, entre dégradation et gentrification en cours.Hovig Ter Minassian, The landscape of gentrification in Barcelona This article examines the way in which the urban landscape makes it possible to apprehend the phenomenon of gentrification. Pointing to the scarcity of Spanish studies on issues of gentrification and drawing on a corpus of photographs of Ciutat Vella, i.e. the medieval and pre-19th century centre of Barcelona, the author seeks to underline the contribution of this methodology to understand a phenomenon which deeply modifies the urban and social landscape. The article draws on S. Rimbert’s conceptualization of urban landscape and on the writings of D. Mendibil and J.-M. Schaeffer on photography. It offers a photographic route around the operation of renovation of the “Rambla del Raval” in the area of the Raval (district of Ciutat Vella), specific by its history, its socio-economic context and its role in the collective imaginary of the whole agglomeration. This methodology is conceived of as complementary to the quantitative approach and highlights the juxtaposition of contradictory phenomena around the “Rambla del Raval”, between degradation and gentrification in progress
Le paysage de la gentrification à Barcelone
No full textCet article présente en quoi le paysage urbain permet d’appréhender le phénomène de gentrification. En mettant en évidence la rareté des travaux espagnols sur la gentrification et en s’appuyant sur un corpus photographique de Ciutat Vella (le centre médiéval et pré-XIXe siècle de Barcelone), l’auteur cherche à souligner l’apport de cette méthodologie pour comprendre un phénomène qui modifie en profondeur le paysage urbain et social. L’article s’appuie sur la lecture du paysage urbain élaborée par S. Rimbert et les réflexions de D. Mendibil et J.-M. Schaeffer sur la photographie. Il propose un parcours photographique autour de l’opération de rénovation de la « Rambla del Raval » dans le quartier du Raval (district de Ciutat Vella), spécifique par son histoire, son contexte socio-économique et son rôle dans l’imaginaire collectif à l’échelle de l’agglomération. Cette lecture complète l’approche quantitative et met en évidence la juxtaposition de phénomènes contradictoires autour de la Rambla del Raval, entre dégradation et gentrification en cours.Hovig Ter Minassian, The landscape of gentrification in Barcelona This article examines the way in which the urban landscape makes it possible to apprehend the phenomenon of gentrification. Pointing to the scarcity of Spanish studies on issues of gentrification and drawing on a corpus of photographs of Ciutat Vella, i.e. the medieval and pre-19th century centre of Barcelona, the author seeks to underline the contribution of this methodology to understand a phenomenon which deeply modifies the urban and social landscape. The article draws on S. Rimbert’s conceptualization of urban landscape and on the writings of D. Mendibil and J.-M. Schaeffer on photography. It offers a photographic route around the operation of renovation of the “Rambla del Raval” in the area of the Raval (district of Ciutat Vella), specific by its history, its socio-economic context and its role in the collective imaginary of the whole agglomeration. This methodology is conceived of as complementary to the quantitative approach and highlights the juxtaposition of contradictory phenomena around the “Rambla del Raval”, between degradation and gentrification in progress
Development of a mycobacterium bovis BCG challenge model in humans to test candidate TB vaccines and to identify potential immunological correlates of protection against TB
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Roles for Treg expansion and HMGB1 signaling through the TLR1-2-6 axis in determining the magnitude of the antigen-specific immune response to MVA85A
No full text© 2013 Matsumiya et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedA better understanding of the relationships between vaccine, immunogenicity and protection from disease would greatly facilitate vaccine development. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A) is a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate designed to enhance responses induced by BCG. Antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production is greatly enhanced by MVA85A, however the variability between healthy individuals is extensive. In this study we have sought to characterize the early changes in gene expression in humans following vaccination with MVA85A and relate these to long-term immunogenicity. Two days post-vaccination, MVA85A induces a strong interferon and inflammatory response. Separating volunteers into high and low responders on the basis of T cell responses to 85A peptides measured during the trial, an expansion of circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells is seen in low but not high responders. Additionally, high levels of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 1 on day of vaccination are associated with an increased response to antigen 85A. In a classification model, combined expression levels of TLR1, TICAM2 and CD14 on day of vaccination and CTLA4 and IL2Rα two days post-vaccination can classify high and low responders with over 80% accuracy. Furthermore, administering MVA85A in mice with anti-TLR2 antibodies may abrogate high responses, and neutralising antibodies to TLRs 1, 2 or 6 or HMGB1 decrease CXCL2 production during in vitro stimulation with MVA85A. HMGB1 is released into the supernatant following atimulation with MVA85A and we propose this signal may be the trigger activating the TLR pathway. This study suggests an important role for an endogenous ligand in innate sensing of MVA and demonstrates the importance of pattern recognition receptors and regulatory T cell responses in determining the magnitude of the antigen specific immune response to vaccination with MVA85A in humans.This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust. MM has a Wellcome Trust PhD studentship and HM is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fello
A review of the tolerability of the candidate TB vaccine, MVA85A compared with BCG and Yellow Fever vaccines, and correlation between MVA85A vaccine reactogenicity and cellular immunogenicity
No full text© 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedBackground: The development of a new, more effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) for use in healthy and HIV-infected adults, children and infants, remains a global health priority. MVA85A is a candidate tuberculosis vaccine designed to enhance immunity to the existing vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). MVA85A entered clinical trials in 2002 and has now progressed to Phase IIb proof-of-concept efficacy trials in infants and HIV-infected adults in Africa. Methods: A detailed analysis was conducted of the cumulative safety data of intradermal delivery of MVA85A in 112 healthy adult subjects in a series of open label, single arm, non-controlled, Phase I safety and immunogenicity clinical trials in the UK. The trials differed with respect to previous mycobacterial exposure, vaccine regime and dose. Objective safety measures (local reaction size and body temperature) were evaluated for correlations with adaptive antigen-specific immune responses. Results: All subjects in the combined mid-dose group developed a local reaction, of which 92% were mild, 8% were moderate and no reactions were severe. Around 90% of subjects in each group reported at least one systemic adverse event, most commonly headache, myalgia, malaise, feeling feverish, fatigue and arthralgia. Of all systemic adverse events in the combined mid-dose group, 96% were mild, 3% were moderate and 1% were severe (but none of these were judged to be vaccine-related). Pre-vaccination mycobacterial exposure did not affect the adverse event profile. The size of local reaction and frequency of systemic adverse events increased with MVA85A vaccine dose. There were no documented fevers in the low-dose group, whilst 3% of subjects in the combined mid-dose group and 21% in the high-dose group had documented fevers. Peak local reactions were larger after a second poxvirus vaccination, but other local and systemic adverse events were comparable to a single MVA85A vaccination. No severe systemic AEs or serious adverse events in any group were judged to be vaccine-related. Local AEs compared favourably to BCG vaccine-induced local AE and systemic AEs after MVA85A vaccination were comparable to those after the live viral Yellow Fever vaccine in similar populations. There were no correlations found between local reaction size or body temperature and adaptive immune responses (measured by ex vivo interferon gamma Enzyme Linked Immunospot). Conclusions: The candidate TB vaccine, MVA85A has been safely administered to over 100 healthy adults in the UK. Intradermal vaccination with MVA85A induced a transient, superficial reaction local to the injection site and mild short-lived viral symptoms. The local and systemic AE profile of MVA85A vaccination was comparable to published data of other intradermal vaccines and live viral vaccines respectively. Local reaction sizes and body temperature measurements did not correlate with the adaptive cellular immune response to MVA85A.Funded by charitable grants from Europe Aid;
TBVAC (EU 6th Framework Programme); The Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the Wellcome Trus
“I Feel Removed, Distant, Shattered, in Two Halves”
No full textThis article uses close readings of Anna Davtʻyan’s “Diarbekʻir: kʻur” (Դիարբեքիր՝ քուր, “Diyarbakir: Sister”) to challenge solidified positionalities of victim and perpetrator in the context of the Armenian Genocide, and simplified notions of return to “Western Armenia”. “Diarbekʻir: kʻur” is a travelogue written by an Armenian from the Republic of Armenia about the author’s own experience travelling to Diyarbakir. In it, identifications with Diyarbakir as Armenian are nuanced and exist alongside new bonds formed with local Kurds on the bases of gender and friendship, rendering the author a fractured relationship with the city. Moreover, a nuanced picture of subject positions among the Kurds in “Diarbek‘ir: k‘ur” resist totalizing and unitary identifications as “perpetrator”
The BOLD MRI response of the brain to alterations in arterial blood pressure
No full textThe impact of blood pressure changes on cerebral blood flow is an important area of investigation. The cerebral autoregulation mechanism acts to maintain blood supply to the brain, despite changes in blood pressure. Blood flow alterations are closely linked to neuronal activation, and this activity can be visualised using blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) – functional MRI. The aim of this project is to investigate the effect of dynamic blood pressure stimuli on the BOLD MRI signal in the brain. Two blood pressure stimuli were employed; thigh cuff deflation and the Valsalva manoeuvre. BOLD MRI signal changes were measured throughout both challenges. Arterial and venous blood pressure and tympanic membrane displacement (TMD) measurements were also made during these challenges. Blood pressure data was used to drive two linked models. The first model represented cerebral vascular physiology (Ursino) and this fed into a second model (Buxton), which predicted the resulting BOLD signal changes. This allowed comparison with experimental BOLD data. TMD data was also compared to intracranial pressure changes predicted by the Ursino model. The experimental BOLD data was found to agree reasonably well with the BOLD signal changes predicted by the modelling. BOLD signal changes are most influenced by deoxyhaemoglobin changes, predominantly as a result of blood flow alterations during the blood pressure challenges, which are not immediately compensated for by the autoregulation mechanism. TMD changes did not reflect intracranial pressure changes predicted by the modelling. In conclusion, if such blood pressure changes do occur during a functional MRI experiment, they may cause changes in the BOLD signal that are not due to neuronal activation. These signal changes may be employed to investigate the cerebral autoregulation mechanism across the brain, or to correct for inaccuracies in functional MRI data in patients with impaired cerebral autoregulatio
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