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Influence of diluent alkyl substitution on the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by a 6,6’-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine ligand dissolved in alkylated cyclohexanone Diluents
No full textSeveral alkylated cyclohexanones were investigated as potential diluents for the selective extraction of Am(III) from Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions by the CyMe4-BTBP ligand. No significant extraction of either of the metal ions was observed for these diluents themselves. In the extractions from 1 M HNO3, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone gave comparable results to cyclohexanone whereas in the extractions from 4 M HNO3, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone all gave superior results. For the monomethylated diluents, DAm and SFAm/Eu decreased in the order of alkyl substitution 2 > 4 ~ 3. However, alkyl substitution of cyclohexanone significantly slows down the extraction kinetics compared to cyclohexanone, and the position of alkyl substitution was found to play an important role in the solvents properties. 3-Methylcyclohexanone was identified as the most promising of the diluent
Language and Literacy in Early Childhood
No full textAcquiring language is widely perceived as a crucial tool in young children’s
development. Current studies have shown that language, communication and literacy
are fundamental to all aspects of human development, especially during early
childhood; the foundation years of a young learner’s development. Riley has written
‘[I]ncreasingly, research findings indicate the importance of the first years of
education. Children’s ability to use spoken and written language fluently and with
confidence and for a range of purposes enables them to access at an early age what
education has to offer’ (Riley J. & Reedy D. 2003, p.92). Indeed, the early childhood
years serve as an essential foundation for subsequent literacy development. The
phrase ‘emergent literacy’ is often used to describe the wealth of language and
literacy that a child acquires in early childhood, well before compulsory schooling
begins. Yet, while there is widespread agreement among educators that early
childhood education plays a vital role in the consolidation of a young learner’s
literacy, there is increasingly less consensus about when and how best to support
children achieve their literacy potential. Taking into account current issues in
language and literacy development in early childhood, this paper aims to do the
following:
1) Firstly, to provide a brief map of the current debates and national agendas on
literacy in Early Childhood Education
2) Secondly, to identify some of the assumptions which underpin current
understanding of literacy development in early childhood
3) Thirdly, to explore examples of current national agenda of literacy
development in the UK and Singapor
Doctor-family-patient relationship: The Chinese paradigm of informed consent
No full textBioethics is a subject far removed from the Chinese, even from many Chinese medical students and medical professionals. In-depth interviews with eighteen physicians, patients, and family members provided a deeper understanding of bioethical practices in contemporary China, especially with regard to the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) and informed consent. The Chinese model of doctor-family-patient relationship (DFPR), instead of DPR, is taken to reflect Chinese Confucian cultural commitments. An examination of the history of Chinese culture and the profession of medicine in China is used to disclose the deep roots of these commitments. The author predicts that the DFPR model will further develop in China but that it will maintain its Chinese character.EthicsSocial Sciences, BiomedicalPubMedCPCI-SSH(ISSHP)SSCI4
Angiotensin II Suppresses Rev-erbα Expression in THP-1 Macrophages via the Ang II Type 1 Receptor/Liver X Receptor α Pathway
No full textBackground/Aims: Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates the expression of some core clock genes; excess Ang II leads to atherosclerosis advancement. Macrophage Rev-erbα mediates clockwork and inflammation, and plays a role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. However, the role of Ang II in regulating Rev-erbα expression in macrophages remains unclarified. Methods: We induced THP-1 macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and investigated the effect of Ang II on Rev-erbα expression via real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques. The cytotoxicity of the Rev-erbα agonist SR9009 was analyzed using a (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl])-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Ang II suppressed Rev-erbα mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 macrophages in a dose and time dependent manner. This effect was mediated via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and not Ang II type 2 receptor or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Consistent with Rev-erbα expression regulated by Ang II, the liver X receptor α (LXRα) protein expression was downregulated in a time-dependent manner after Ang II treatment. The activation or silence of LXRα significantly increased or decreased Rev-erbα expression regulated by Ang II, respectively. This suggests that LXRα is involved in the effect of Ang II on Rev-erbα expression. MMP-9 mRNA expressions were significantly suppressed by SR9009 in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages; moreover, SR9009-treatment significantly reduced Ang II–induced MMP-9 protein expressions in two types of macrophages. Conclusion: Ang II downregulates Rev-erbα expression in THP-1 macrophages via the AT1R/LXRα pathway
Angiotensin II Suppresses Rev-erbα Expression in THP-1 Macrophages via the Ang II Type 1 Receptor/Liver X Receptor α Pathway
No full textBackground/Aims: Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates the expression of some core clock genes; excess Ang II leads to atherosclerosis advancement. Macrophage Rev-erbα mediates clockwork and inflammation, and plays a role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. However, the role of Ang II in regulating Rev-erbα expression in macrophages remains unclarified. Methods: We induced THP-1 macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and investigated the effect of Ang II on Rev-erbα expression via real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques. The cytotoxicity of the Rev-erbα agonist SR9009 was analyzed using a (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl])-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Ang II suppressed Rev-erbα mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 macrophages in a dose and time dependent manner. This effect was mediated via Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and not Ang II type 2 receptor or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Consistent with Rev-erbα expression regulated by Ang II, the liver X receptor α (LXRα) protein expression was downregulated in a time-dependent manner after Ang II treatment. The activation or silence of LXRα significantly increased or decreased Rev-erbα expression regulated by Ang II, respectively. This suggests that LXRα is involved in the effect of Ang II on Rev-erbα expression. MMP-9 mRNA expressions were significantly suppressed by SR9009 in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages; moreover, SR9009-treatment significantly reduced Ang II–induced MMP-9 protein expressions in two types of macrophages. Conclusion: Ang II downregulates Rev-erbα expression in THP-1 macrophages via the AT1R/LXRα pathway.</jats:p
MONTE-CARLO STUDY OF 3-D Z4 GAUGE-Z2 HIGGS THEORY WITH RADIAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM
No full textPhysics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)0ARTICLE3311-3251
CHINESE PATENT-LAW AND PATENT INFORMATION-SERVICE
No full textInformation Science & Library ScienceSSCI1ARTICLE111-182
Aberrant expression of angiopoietins-1 and -2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in peri-implantation endometrium after gonadotrophin stimulation
No full textBACKGROUND: Ovarian stimulation affects normal endometrial development. The expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and the vascular state in the peri-implantation endometrium in women with natural and gonadotrophin-stimulated cycles were compared. METHODS: The expression of these angiogenesis-associated molecules in endometrial biopsies, collected on Day 7 after human chorionic gonadotrophin injection or luteinizing hormone surge in stimulated or natural cycles respectively, or at mid-luteal phase of women undergoing diagnositic laparoscopy, were analysed. RESULTS: Women with gonadotrophin-stimulation had lower Ang-1, but higher Ang-2, mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05), and increased concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and blood vessel density than those with natural cycles (P < 0.05). Although stimulated cycles had higher VEGF-A mRNA expression (P = 0.023), VEGF-A protein expression was similar between the groups. Lower Ang-1/Ang-2 but higher Ang-2/VEGF-A mRNA ratios (P = 0.025) were found after gonadotrophin-stimulation. The ratios were negatively (P < 0.001) and positively correlated (P < 0.001) with estradiol levels, respectively. Cyclical changes in Ang-1 and Ang-2, but not in VEGF-A expression were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased Ang-1 concentration and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and the increased Ang-2 concentration, with the increased vWF concentration and blood vessel density, in stimulated cycles suggests advanced endometrial angiogenesis after gonadotrophin-stimulation. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved.link_to_OA_fulltex
Crystal Structure and Improved Synthesis of 1-(2 H -Tetrazol-5-yl)guanidium Nitrate
No full textEnergetic derivatives of tetrazoles are one of the key areas of research focus in pursuit of novel high energy materials, useful as propellants and explosives. Herein, the crystal structure and an improved synthetic procedure of 1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)guanidine (1) and its nitrate salt (2) are reported. The compounds were structurally characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. The molecular structure of tetrazolyl guanidium nitrate (2) was solved using low temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 2 crystallized as its hemihydrate in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2, with a crystal density of 1.69 g cm−3. Thermal behavior and decomposition of the molecules were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Molar enthalpy of formation (ΔfHm) of compound 2 was back calculated from heat of combustion (ΔcH0) value obtained experimentally using bomb calorimetric measurements. Lattice enthalpy of 1-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)guanidium nitrate was directly calculated from measured crystal density using Jenkins equation. Preliminary ballistic parameters of the compound were predicted and compared with reported high nitrogen tetrazole derivatives.Accepted versio
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