1,721,016 research outputs found
Sviluppo urbano sostenibile e consumo di suolo: modelli innovativi a supporto della valutazione del rischio negli interventi di trasformazione urbana
No full textSviluppo urbano sostenibile e consumo di suolo: modelli innovativi a supporto della valutazione del rischio negli interventi di trasformazione urbana
Get PDFLa presente ricerca intende fornire un contributo logico-operativo per supportare l'adozione di strategie di pianificazione urbana in grado di condurre a un miglioramento
del quadro generale delineato, con particolare riferimento alle questioni sociali, economiche ed ambientali generate dal consumo di suolo naturale. Destinato alle Pubbliche Amministrazioni e ai privati imprenditori coinvolti nei processi decisionali di pianificazione delle iniziative di trasformazione urbana sostenibili, il lavoro trae origine dalla necessità di ridurre il consumo di suolo naturale nelle forme e modalità con cui si manifesta nei contesti urbanizzati, adottando strumenti di valutazione che siano in grado di i) sistematizzare l'analisi delle dinamiche urbane che contribuiscono alla sua formazione, ii) individuare rapidamente ed efficacemente le aree in cui insistono condizioni di criticità
o di potenzialità circa gli aspetti sociali, economici ed ambientali considerati, iii) tener conto del contributo di ciascun aspetto nella formazione del consumo di suolo, iv) rappresentare in maniera semplice e concreta i risultati dell'analisi per aumentare la consapevolezza degli enti governativi, a cui spettano le decisioni d'intervento, e dei cittadini, v) supportare la calibrazione della composizione morfologica degli interventi di trasformazione urbana affinchè siano meno impattanti e a ridotto consumo di suolo naturale, finanziariamente convenienti per i soggetti pubblici e privati coinvolti, ed adeguati per soddisfare le necessità della comunità locale, vi) porsi in linea con l'obiettivo europeo di
“consumo di suolo netto pari a zero” entro il 2050, vii) aumentare la resilienza e la qualità della vita nelle città. La ricerca consiste nella definizione e sperimentazione di un modello innovativo di valutazione del rischio direttamente causato dalla dimensione urbana del fenomeno del consumo di suolo. Nello specifico, si valuta il rischio economico-
finanziario, ambientale e sociale che insorge negli ambiti altamente urbanizzati, attraverso un indice sintetico che riassume la rilevanza di ciascun aspetto indagato grazie all'utilizzo di un sistema di indicatori gerarchico e di tipo compensativo. Il concetto di rischio è declinato secondo le specificità di ciascuna componente del consumo di suolo considerata, a seguito di un attento studio e di una efficace contestualizzazione, e si espleta in un set di criteri, indicatori e range di variazione. L'approccio proposto mutua l'impostazione metodologica dell'analisi e del monitoraggio dello sviluppo sostenibile condotto in ambito nazionale, avvalendosi però delle tecniche di valutazione multicriteri e dei sistemi informativi geografici (GIS) per la costruzione di indici sintetici di rischio afferenti a ciascuna componente considerata. Le operazioni condotte vengono riassunte
e condensate in un documento procedurale, ossia un protocollo di fasi logico-operative di carattere generale, implementabile a differenti scale territoriali di contesti urbanizzati nazionali ed esteri, che costituisce il quadro sinottico della sistematizzazione dell'analisi della dimensione urbana del consumo di suolo naturale. Il modello proposto
implementato al caso della città di Roma, scelta a causa del suo tasso di impermeabilizzazione, il più elevato d'Italia a partire dal 2016 secondo le indagini dell'Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), delle sue criticità rispetto agli SDG, oltre che per la rilevanza del suo patrimonio storico-artistico e culturale da proteggere dai cambiamenti climatici e da valorizzare adeguatamente in maniera sostenibile. La suddivisione del territorio comunale in unità territoriali d'indagine, scelte sulla base dell'utilità
finale di ciascun indice per conto di operatori pubblici e privati coinvolti nella predisposizione di piani e progetti di trasformazione urbana che siano sostenibili e a ridotto consumo di suolo, permette di valutare le criticità o potenzialità delle singole porzioni urbane fornendo un quadro conoscitivo alla scala subcomunale, spesso trascurata dai sistemi di monitoraggio degli SDG, ma estremamente importante sul piano operativo anche per la Pubblica Amministrazione e i privati imprenditori. Infine, la visualizzazione dei risultati degli indici attraverso l'utilizzo di apposite mappe tematiche, consente di facilitare la visualizzazione della distribuzione spaziale del rischio considerato
Urban planning decisions: an evaluation support model for natural soil surface saving policies and the enhancement of properties in disuse
No full textPurpose – The present research aims to develop and test an evaluation support model for decisions alert soil surface saving to be used in the redevelopment of abandoned and degraded properties through involvement of private developers.
Design/methodology/approach – Adapting operations research principles to the public–private partnership features that are typical of urban planning issues, the model pursues a complex objective function, that concerns urban parameters to be attributed to properties to be recovered. An elaboration of a Pareto-optimal frontier has defined possible scenarios for different trends of the variables under consideration.
Findings – The efficiency of the model is verified through application to a real case study concerning urban renewal of a property in disuse located in a city in Southern Italy. The outputs confirm the potentialities and flexibility of the proposed model to support urban planning decisions by improving the implementation of conservation policies, in terms of a reduced impact of urban transformation projects on the available natural
land surface.
Practical implications – Depending on the objectives of public sector, the model can generate a range of urban parameter combinations to be attributed to the recovered properties to achieve low consumption of natural surfaces, with bargaining between the public and private sectors around these parameters. The model
can also be used in the initial phases of the renewal initiative, when it is necessary to define the costs and the revenues involved or to assess alternative solutions capable of reducing impacts on the environment.
Originality/value – The model can be applied to identify the appropriate rewards in a project that can stimulate the private developers to realize further public infrastructures and services than minimum quantities established by the current local urban regulations. In this sense, the model represents an original scientific
reference in the current strategies promoted by the European Union for achievement of a “no net land take” by 2050, aimed at reducing natural surface occupied by buildings and roads
Impacts of Urban Decay on the Residential Property Market: An Application to the City of Rome (Italy)
No full textUrban decay is a complex phenomenon that encompasses physical deterioration, environmental degradation, and social disintegration that negatively affects the livability, safety, and economic vitality of urban areas, leading to demographic displacements, disinvestments and significant repercussions on housing dynamics. This study aims to develop a regression methodological approach to determine the effects of urban decay factors on the residential real estate market in Rome (Italy). The methodology involves the collection of a set of variables to describe and interpret the effects of urban decay on property values, followed by the application of Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression to assess the marginal prices of these identified variables. The use of WLS allows to take into account the problem of heteroscedasticity in the evaluation process, ensuring its robustness. The proposed methodology is adaptable to different spatial contexts and provides valuable decision support for stakeholders involved in urban regeneration initiatives aimed at revitalizing decayed areas
Credit risk management of property investments through multi-criteria indicators
Get PDFThe economic crisis of 2008 has highlighted the ineffectiveness of the banks in their disbursement of mortgages which caused the spread of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) with underlying real estate. With the methods stated by the Basel III agreements, aimed at improving the capital requirements of banks and determining an adequate regulatory capital, the banks without the skills required have difficulties in applying the rigid weighting coefficients structures. The aim of the work is to identify a synthetic risk index through the participatory process, in order to support the restructuring debt operations to benefit smaller banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), by analyzing the real estate credit risk. The proposed synthetic risk index aims at overcoming the complexity of Basel III methodologies through the implementation of three different multi-criteria techniques. In particular, the integration of objective financial variables with subjective expert judgments into a participatory process is not that common in the reference literature and brings its benefits for reaching more approved and shared results in the debt restructuring operations procedure. Moreover, the main findings derived by the application to a real case study have demonstrated how important it is for the credit manager to have an adequate synthetic index that could lead to the avoidance of risky scenarios where several modalities to repair the credit debt occur
An Application of the Market Comparison Approach for Assessing the Natural Component Incidence on the Housing Prices
No full textThe technological and industrial development impacts on the climate and natural environment leading the European Commission to promote strategic actions aimed at (i) reducing the amount of permeable surface area, and (ii) increasing the presence of green areas in urbanised contexts. With reference to a residential properties sold in the local real estate market in the first half of 2019 and located in a specific municipal trade area of the Rome city in Italy, the work aims to determine the average incidence of the natural component on housing prices. In particular, the determination of the incidence of the considered set of variables is assessed through the Market Comparison Approach application which, due to its simplicity of use, is well suited to be adopted by evaluators for assessing and testing importance of including the green elements in the built environment and the achievement of the sustainable goals set by the Agenda 2030
Capitalization Rate and Real Estate Risk Factors: An Analysis of the Relationships for the Residential Market in the City of Rome (Italy)
Get PDFThe assessment of income-producing properties - considered as the bulk of the existing assets - has rapidly increased. An efficient assessment of the market value of this kind of properties requires an adequate involvement of the main risk factors of the local real estate market for the determination of the capitalization rate for the income approach application. The aim of the work is to identify the most significant local real estate risk factors related to the market, the tenant and the context on the residential capitalization rate. The development of a regressive methodological approach applied to the residential sector of the city of Rome (Italy) is proposed. The obtained results show the susceptibility of the analyzed capitalization rate to the variation of the local real estate risk factors, in particular the per capita income and the variation of the rental values, by also considering the influences of the exogenous shocks and the expectation of the investors. The practical implications of the work consist in the possibility for evaluators to assess the likely changes in the capitalization rate in different residential contexts if variations occur in the most influential local risk factors identified by the proposed model
A Methodological Approach for the Analysis of the Effects of Polluting Industrial Sites on the Real Estate Market
No full textUrban areas with industrial sites face challenges related to their negative environmental and community impacts, as well as the economic implications of these issues. In fact, these challenges may influence the behavior of residents with respect to their housing choices, generating broader effects on real estate market dynamics. Understanding the impact that the presence of polluting sites has on real estate prices is critical to allow decision makers to make informed choices in complex situations affected by the influence of these sites. The purpose of this work is to define a methodological approach for investigating the relationships between the presence of polluting sites and the real estate market. The proposed approach constitutes a valid reference for the market analysis in order to develop effective assessments of the interventions to be carried out on the territory
Credit Risk Management of Property Investments through Multi-Criteria Indicators
Get PDFThe economic crisis of 2008 has highlighted the ineffectiveness of the banks in their disbursement of mortgages which caused the spread of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) with underlying real estate. With the methods stated by the Basel III agreements, aimed at improving the capital requirements of banks and determining an adequate regulatory capital, the banks without the skills required have difficulties in applying the rigid weighting coefficients structures. The aim of the work is to identify a synthetic risk index through the participatory process, in order to support the restructuring debt operations to benefit smaller banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), by analyzing the real estate credit risk. The proposed synthetic risk index aims at overcoming the complexity of Basel III methodologies through the implementation of three different multi-criteria techniques. In particular, the integration of objective financial variables with subjective expert judgments into a participatory process is not that common in the reference literature and brings its benefits for reaching more approved and shared results in the debt restructuring operations procedure. Moreover, the main findings derived by the application to a real case study have demonstrated how important it is for the credit manager to have an adequate synthetic index that could lead to the avoidance of risky scenarios where several modalities to repair the credit debt occur
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