116 research outputs found
Reaction kinetic analysis of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate CO2 fixation cycle in extremely thermoacidophilic archaea
No full text
The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) cycle fixes CO2 in extremely thermoacidophilic archaea and holds promise for metabolic engineering because of its thermostability and potentially rapid pathway kinetics. A reaction kinetics model was developed to examine the biological and biotechnological attributes of the 3HP/4HB cycle as it operates in Metallosphaera sedula, based on previous information as well as on kinetic parameters determined here for recombinant versions of five of the cycle enzymes (malonyl-CoA/succinyl-CoA reductase, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase, acryloyl-CoA reductase, and succinic semialdehyde reductase). The model correctly predicted previously observed features of the cycle: the 35-65% split of carbon flux through the acetyl-CoA and succinate branches, the high abundance and relative ratio of acetyl-CoA/propionyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and MCR, and the significance of ACC and hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthetase (HBCS) as regulated control points for the cycle. The model was then used to assess metabolic engineering strategies for incorporating CO2 into chemical intermediates and products of biotechnological importance: acetyl-CoA, succinate, and 3-hydroxypropionate.</p
Effects of body mass, climate, geography, and census area on population density of terrestrial mammals
No full textAim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of climate, geography, census area and the distribution of body mass on the mass : density relationship in terrestrial mammal populations. Location The areas covered include most major terrestrial biomes including the tropics, savannas, and temperate forests. Method Data on population density and body mass from 827 populations belonging to 330 different terrestrial mammal species were derived from a review of the literature. Results LOWESS and polynomial regression analysis indicated that the overall mass : density relationship on log-log scales was not linear and that the slope of this relationship behaves differently across the range of body mass. Body mass explained between 37 and 67% of the variability in population density depending upon the dietary category or the biome group. We also developed two multivariate models that can explain up to 65% of the variability in population density in terrestrial mammals. We also tested for a confounding effect of census area on the mass : density relationship on log-log scales in terrestrial mammals. Conclusions Our findings support previous studies suggesting that body mass is a major predictor of the variance in population density in terrestrial mammals. We suggest that the nonlinearity of the mass : density relationship may result from the fact that the overall distribution of body mass is a mixture of distributions across dietary groups and biomes. In contrast to body mass, our results indicate that climatic and geographical factors have a minor effect on population density. Although census area was closely correlated with body mass, body mass was generally a better predictor of population density than was census area.PT: J; CR: BAKER RH, 1967, SYST ZOOL, V16, P28 BLACKBURN TM, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P335 BLACKBURN TM, 1993, J ANIM ECOL, V62, P694 BLACKBURN TM, 1996, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V3, P44 BLACKBURN TM, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P303 BLACKBURN TM, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P436 BLACKBURN TM, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P233 BLACKBURN TM, 1999, ADV ECOL RES, V28, P181 BLACKBURN TM, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P570 BOURLIERE F, 1961, INT UNION CONSERVATI, V1, P102 BROWN JH, 1981, AM ZOOL, V21, P877 BROWN JH, 1984, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V172, P45 BROWN JH, 1986, NATURE, V324, P248 BROWN JH, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P1478 BROWN JH, 1995, MACROECOLOGY BROWN JH, 1998, BIOGEOGRAPHY CAUGHLEY G, 1964, AUST J ZOOL, V12, P238 CHEW RM, 1970, ECOL MONOGR, V40, P1 CHURCHILL SK, 1991, WILDLIFE RES, V18, P343 CLEVELAND WS, 1979, J AM STAT ASSOC, V74, P829 CLEVELAND WS, 1985, SCIENCE, V229, P828 CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1977, J ZOOL LOND, V183, P1 COE MJ, 1976, OECOLOGIA, V22, P341 COTGREAVE P, 1992, FUNCT ECOL, V6, P248 COTGREAVE P, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P219 COTGREAVE P, 1994, OIKOS, V66, P353 COTGREAVE P, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P285 CURRIE DJ, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P353 CURRIE DJ, 1993, OIKOS, V67, P56 DAMUTH J, 1981, NATURE, V290, P699 DAMUTH J, 1987, BIOL J LINN SOC, V31, P193 DAMUTH J, 1993, NATURE, V365, P748 DOWSETT RJ, 1966, PUKU, V4, P135 EISENBERG JF, 1981, MAMMALIAN RAD ANAL T FLEMING TH, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P555 FREESE CH, 1982, INT J PRIMATOL, V3, P53 FRITZ H, 1994, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V256, P77 GRIFFITHS D, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P795 GUJARATI D, 1978, BASIC ECONOMETRICS HARVEY PH, 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO HUTCHINSON GE, 1959, AM NAT, V93, P145 JOHNSON CN, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P689 JOHNSON CN, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P565 JOHNSON RA, 1992, APPL MULTIVARIATE ST LODER N, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P195 MACPHERSON E, 1989, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V50, P295 MARQUET PA, 1990, SCIENCE, V250, P1125 MARQUET PA, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P325 MARQUET PA, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P127 MARQUET PA, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P299 MONTFORT A, 1972, TERRE VIE, V26, P216 NEE S, 1991, NATURE, V351, P312 NOWAK RM, 1991, WALKERS MAMMALS WORL, V1 NOWAK RM, 1991, WALKERS MAMMALS WORL, V2 PERES CA, 1990, BIOL CONSERV, V54, P47 PETERS RH, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V60, P89 PETERS RH, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P498 PHILLIPSON J, 1975, E AFR WILDL J, V13, P171 PIMM SL, 1992, BALANCE NATURE RAPOPORT EH, 1982, AREOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHI, V1 RICKLEFS RE, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P167 ROBERTS SC, 1991, AFR J ECOL, V29, P316 ROBINSON JG, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P665 ROSENZWEIG ML, 1968, AM NAT, V102, P67 SILVA M, 1994, CONSERV BIOL, V8, P732 SILVA M, 1995, AM NAT, V145, P704 SILVA M, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P327 SMALLWOOD KS, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V107, P588 SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240 WAND MP, 1995, KERNEL SMOOTHING WERNSTEDT FL, 1972, WORLD CLIMATIC DATA WESTOBY M, 1995, J ECOL, V83, P531 WESTOBY M, 1995, J ECOL, V83, P727 WESTOBY M, 1995, J ECOL, V83, P892 WHITTAKER RH, 1975, COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTE WILSON DE, 1992, MAMMAL SPECIES WORLD WILSON JW, 1974, EVOLUTION, V28, P124 ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL; NR: 79; TC: 12; J9: GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR; PG: 17; GA: 482PLSource type: Electronic(1
Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) statement
No full text<p>Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user friendly manner. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance. The primary audiences for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication.</p>
<p>The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user friendly, 24 item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Task Force website (www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp).</p>
<p>We hope CHEERS will lead to better reporting, and ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the CHEERS statement is being co-published across 10 health economics and medical journals. We encourage other journals and groups, to endorse CHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in five years.</p>
Turbo-electric Distributed Aircraft Propulsion: Microgrid Architecture and Evaluation for ECO-150
No full textThe kinetics and mechanisms of destabilisation and aggregation of microcolloidal iron and associated phosphate during simulated estuarine mixing
No full textThe removal of iron from the <0.45µm fraction of Tamar River water on addition of both calcium chloride solution and sea water was studied using a continuous autoanalytical system. The addition of increasing concentrations of either calcium ions or sea water caused increased iron removal, but at all of the concentrations studied a fraction of iron was found to remain within the <0.45µm fraction (termed the residualor unreactive fraction). Storage time was shown to have a marked effect on the residual concentration. Kinetic analysis of the experimental results showed that when a residual fraction was taken into account, the data could be described by either a first or second order kinetic model. The first order model gave an approximately linear increase in rate constant with increasing concentrations of calcium ions or sea water, ranging from 1.02 x 10-3 to 6.14 x 10-3 s-1 for the addition of calcium ions and from 3.97 x 10-3 to 6.95 x 10-3 s-1 for the addition of seawater. The second order rate constant also showed an increase with increasing calcium concentration, from 3.95 x 10-5 to 3.02 x 10-4 l mol-1 s-1 . When the first and second order profiles were studied and the fit of the model to the experimental residual values was considered, the first order was shown to be a better descriptor ofthe observed removal of microcolloidal iron. A comparative study was made of iron removal under different conditions of simulated estuarine mixing, following the procedures of Fox & Wofsy (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1983, vol 47 p211), Mayer (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1982, vol 46 p2527), Hunter & Leonard (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol 52 pi 123) - all using 'discrete sampling during mixing and Duffy (PhD Thesis, University of Southampton) - using continuous sampling with more rapid mixing. Variations among the 'discrete' methods are small relative to those between them and the method of Duffy (1985) e.g. 65 % for the 'continuous' method as compared with 36%, at a salinity of 5, and the first order rate constant was seen to be about an order of magnitude greater for the 'continuous' method e.g. 3.97 x 10-3 s-1 as compared with 1.97 x 10-4 s-1, at a salinity of 5. Further experiments looking specifically at the effect of stirring rate on a 'discrete' sampling method concurred with these observations. In experiments carried out at a salinity of 8, the iron removal increased from 44% to 55% and the first order rate constant increased from 2.96 x 10-3 to 3.58 x 10-3 s-1 as a result of a relative increase in stirring rate from 1 to 5. The fact that the first order rate constant for iron removal varied with the energy of the system, even in the least energetic system studied, and that under all conditions the first order model provided the best descriptor of the observed process, showed that the mechanism of microcolloidal aggregation under all these conditions could not be accounted for by Brownian Motion. Shear must therefore be a significant factor and it was concluded that none of the systems studied could afford a test of kinetic order under conditions where Brownian Motion dominantly accounts for particle collisions. The experiments, however, are still of relevance to environmental conditions, since estuarine mixing is greatly influenced by turbulence due to tidal energy and wind stress. Phosphate behaviour was studied concurrently with that of iron and both the percentage removal and kinetic rate constants showed comparable dependence on calcium ion / sea water concentration, although the percentage phosphate removal was consistently lower than that observed for iron. Kinetic rate constants ranged from 0.0019 to 0.0179 s-1 for the first order model and 0.29 x 10-4 to 5.3 x 10-4 1 mol-1 s-1 for second order. When the removal profiles were studied and the fit of the first and second order models to the experimental residual values was considered, the first order model was again shown to be a better descriptor of the observed removal. Phosphate behaviour remained essentially unaffected by changes in experimental methodologies or stirring rate. The factor which most affected iron (stirring) had no major systematic effect on phosphate and therefore it must be concluded that the results indicate a co-removal of phosphate during iron colloid aggregation rather than removal of a common colloidal population containing both constituents
Energy equity in the United Kingdom
No full textAims and Objectives
The aim of this rapid review will be to draw together the available evidence on the definitions of energy equity and how it is measured in countries with developed economies according to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UNDESA), 2022.
Research questions:
1. How is energy equity defined?
2. Which are the indicators used to measure energy equity?
Design
The review will be designed following the approach for rapid evidence reviews developed by (Tricco et al., 2017). The review will follow a phased approach, which begins with a broad search strategy that is expanded with each round of searches. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement (Page et al., 2021) to guide the review design and the reporting of the methods and findings.
Search strategy and approach
The first phase of the search strategy will be broad, and we will run it on general databases such as Google Scholar. This will lead to the selection of a preliminary list of resources. These will be scanned for relevant key terms. These terms will be added to the search strategy, and, after a series of subsequent exploratory searches, and a consultation with an expert librarian we will develop the final search strategy.
We will run the final search strategy on the following databases:
• Web of Science
• ProQuest Central
• GEOBase
The searches will include words related to:
1. Energy.
2. Equity.
Inclusion Criteria
• Documents about the energy equity definitions in countries with developed economies.
• Document written in English.
• 01 January 2010 – 01 October 2023
Exclusion criteria
• PhD theses, dissertations, books, commentaries, opinion pieces and conference proceedings.
Screening
Document screening will be conducted independently by one reviewer. Reports included in the title/abstract stage will be screened in full text by one reviewer. A second author will review the 100% of included documents, and 5% of excluded documents. If there is uncertainty, it will be discussed with the second author until a consensus is reached.
Data extraction and synthesis
We propose to use REDCap software for data extraction to organise the review process. Data will be synthesised using framework analysis. The analysis will focus on developing themes that can provide an accurate representation of the data. The categories for the framework will be based on the research questions guiding the review as well as the information emerging from the documents.
Quality Assessment
We will use the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess the quality of the empirical articles published in peer-reviewed journals.
Timeline
November 2023: Exploratory searches and development of final search strategy.
November 2023: Running of searches on selected databases.
December 2023: Document selection complete.
January 2023: Data extraction complete.
January 2023: Main synthesis of findings complete.
February 2023: Final analysis and drafting of the output.
February 2023: Final output complete.
References
Economic Analysis and Policy Division (EAPD) of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UNDESA). (2022). World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/WESP2022_ANNEX.pdf
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
Tricco, A. C., Langlois, E., & Straus, S. (2017). Rapid reviews to strengthen health policy and systems: a practical guide. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/258698/9789241512763-eng.pd
1
No full textVOL.
PAI.O Al.TO. SAXTA CLARA COUNTY. CAI... WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 45. 190.'.
HOITT'S KEEP DOWN SCORE
AGAINST LISTLESS PLAYERS
DAIRYMAN CHARGED WITH
SELLING UNWHOLESOME MILK
Freshmen Eleven Win
Out by a Touchdown.
the Freshmen laj«a*d again into
listless playing, and the game con
tinned indecisive.
The line-up;
Irv.-l.im'ii I loin'a
Lack of Confidence in Intercollegiate "Baby" Match
Saturday.
The Stanford Freshmen yesterday defeated tin* lloitt School
team by a score of 6 to o, but this
v,.->--.-.ry *,yns a piior one and proved
as much of a disappointment as
defeat would have been. The same
team from Menlo was defeated last
Saturday by the Beikeley Freshmen with a score of 2.*, to «> Any
comparison of results can point to
nothing but a logs for the Stamord
youngsters when they face their
opponents at Berkeley nest Saturday. Until two weeks ago the
playing of the two l«.-ams was fairly
even and there was little choice
between them. But recently the
work of th*. V. C. squad has improved remarkably, while that of
the Cardinal men has taken a decided turn for worse. The game
yesterday served only to further
the lack of confidence in the
Naughty-six eleven of Stanford.
It was the last scheduled game on
the Freshman calendar before the
intercollegiate "baby** . match.
Consequently uo farther line on
work with an outside team can be
had. Practice for the remainder of
tbe week will be against the second
eleven and the Varsity.
The scoring in yesterday's game
came in the second half and was in
a way the result of a fluke. The
Freshmen punted from centre field,
aud Bell, who caught the hall*
dropped it after being tackled and
Schofield secured it for Stanford.
For a few minutes'06 woke up aud
pushed the ball the *, remaining
twenty yards for a touchdown.
Schofield kicked-out to Cheadle,
aud Magee kicked goal. - After this
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Mrs. Rogers Appears
To a Crowded House;
Reads "Paula and Franceses" in
Regular Lecture Course
at Chapel.
Patrons Made 111 Enter a
Complaint to Local
Milkman.
Freshmen Wouldnl-
Benefit by the Game
Manager Edwards Turns Down
Alumni and Takes on
Santa Clara.
Many Witnesses will
Appear in Court
Today.
part ol the defendants furnishing
had milk. The case will come up
today at 1:15 p. m. in Justice
Charles' cpuit* Constable (.rider
was busy all day yesterday summoning witnesses and getting jury-
l«-^n-4-*>^-of-xhu-fcAU»-A He succeeded iu summoning
Yesterday afternoon athletic
manager Edwards catiecled tlie
game with the Alumni team.which
was scheduled for next Friday.
lie took this action because of the
poor showing made by the Alumni
against Berkeley last Saturday.
Mr. Kdwards said he thought tlie
Stanford players would get little
good out of a game with such a
poor team, and that be felt justified iu canceling the date on those
grounds. The Santa Clara College eleven will 611 thc date left
open by themanager'sactiou. This
team defeated thc Stanford Freshmen recently by a score of 11 to o.
W. C. T. U. Meeting.
The W. C. T. U. will hold its
usual meeting at the home of the
President, Miss Clara L. Page. 6,1,0
Cowper street, this afterho.ii nt
3 o'clock.
All mothers as -veil as those with
mother-hearts are especially in*
vited to attend as Mrs. G. P. Alden
will inaugurate her "mothers' "
meetings. , ,
HEATERS
WOOD
OI L
CO/\ L
Wilson's Air Tight Wood Heater, small size, • $ 5.00
Wilson's Air Tight Wood Heater, large size. - 6.50
Wilson's Coal Heater. - ■ - - 11.00
Coal Oil Healers, • - - ' - • • ' 5.00
Salamander Air Tight Heater, large size. - - - 3.50
Salamander Air Tight Heater, small size, • . • 2.00
J. F. PARKINSON COMPANY
161 UNIVERSITY AVE.
HARDWARE LUMBER PLUMBING
The largest crowd that has yet J
assembled iu University chapel j
this semester was present last night •
at the reading given by Mrs. -
Josephine K. ItiUjers, wife uf 1'hj*4
lessor F.J. Rogers of the Physics I Press of Sept 14th. Kd ward Loder, Itl,c lbtlo*wing witness*-;:
department." Every seat in the!of thc Palo Alto Dairy, published Mrs. Baldwin, Mrs. A. C. Brow-
building was occupied and many ; an affidavit to the public in regard "ell, Mrs. J. 1.. aleares, Mrs. S.
people crowded about tin- door*-to the quality of milk th.it he was *^* Woods, MissM. J. Locke, Mrs.
and windows. Many others had! serving to his patrons. The reason >■'■ Nir-son. Mr. and Mrs. Gtlder-
to turn away without hearing the!of this publication was due lo the •**eeve, Mr. and Mrs^JJnif. Roeber,
program at all. Tbesc latter missed "j fact that his customers were com- ■'• Sawyer, Mrs/Johu Dudfield,
the most entertain.!!*-. ..nd interest-1plaining of the quality ■ •! the milk *)r* I1!*""***. Mrs. *}r- Parkinson,
ing program that has been given-and on September 9th several of -■'■r',• "•■'• "• l'os*cr. Mrs. Dr. Raber.
at Stanford for some time. That! his patrons were taken seriously Ml*. K"0'0* J- J- Morris, Bert Mel-
Mrs. Rogers is a success in her Jill. * ■*-"■ w- ¥• Gray, Mrs- Murk(i-
work as a reader is granted by all| Mr. Lod-*r immediately informed Vxnf- Newcomer. Mrs. Dr. Gregg,
who heard her last i-vening. The None*? Bros., who were furnishing Mrs. Mntherson.MontagueMatber-
large audience gave her its nn-'him with milk, of thc circura* «"». *>r. A. 11 Mayhew and Dr.
divided attention from beginning stances and gave ihcni a written *^TORK**-'*.
to end of her recital, a fact which statement to discontinue furnish* The jurymen who have been
testified to her strong' dramatic ing him with uiilk. On hearing "ubpoened to appear before Justice
p>wer. i that so many were sick Mr. Loder Charles this morning at ?o'clock
The work, (rum which Mrs.
Rogers read, was Stephen Phillip's
dramatic poem **Paola * and Franceses." It is a strong work in itself and the reader presented it in
a manner that brought out every
passion ot the author. Each
character 'was given with such
naturalness and expression that
her hearers almost saw .them as
living tieings. Absolute command
of the thought nirl feeling of the
writer seemed to l>e within the
entertainer's grasp, aud she interpreted the inc:ming with artistic
fidelity. The customary elocutionary manner was unnoticed in Mrs.
Roger's work. Tbe characters
stepped naturally from the book
aud seemed to live Inrfore the
listeners. The frequent unanimous
Applause-gave evidence of the interest with which tbe audience
received the reader's efforts. Mr.
Arthur L. Scott-Brook played a
nuriber of organ selections during
the recital. Last night was Mrs.
Roger's first appearance before a
Stanford assemblage. She has
given readings in several cities of
the East,
in Ithaca,
a part of the regular Tuesday
evening lecture course.
, --coring a raarked success
1, N. Y. The recital was
took samples of the milk and had nre nH Wlpwi :
it analyzed. The result of the SV* T* Hughes. Robert A.
analysis showed nothing wrong. Thompson. IV. S. Stale, John
The principal objectiou to the Tierney, M. S. Slade, J. C. Frank-
ilk seemed to be that it did not •■n- c* S* l>°wiiiug, Thos. Russell,
keep well. Mr. Loiter to satisfy (;* w* u !>eire* -?■ A Cutrv* w*
himself kept a portion ol his milk. •'• Cl!i|!e' '•,M* Woods, Percy Mc
and let it set over night. This
Dowell, E. S. Field, B. F. Hall,
was done on Sunday night. Septem- Van A. Wallace. Wade Mahaney,
ber 7th. and be found the next H* !•«•:*■««-*■
morning ear.ly tbat it was spoiled. T,1C caM; is exciting great iuter-
Mr. Loder says that iti talking esl* "** l6**>' ™n mark onc of the
to Mr. Nunez al.-out the milk sour- Hvlhfct limes that has ocenrred iu
ing. the latter said he could get *ta. Joules Conrt of Palo Alto for
something to put in the milk to •-»""d»er of \*nrs.
keep it from turning. Mr. Loder N?"-*"- K.'M-dcolni is attorney
told him not to do so; that he f«r plainlifT. and R. R. SyerofSan
■would not stand for anything of ■Jnse wiU **&***& lhc defendants,
that kind. .Mr. Loder felt verv „ , ' * '
!„„„,., „i™.. .. . * ImI.ict. Doublehh)iuon camp-
keenlv alxnit the matter and tm- ... 1 «
,..-,. . us, eastern ex posuie. second floor.
mediatelyfiled suit against Nnmz Apply Box 174. University P. 6.
Bros, for breacti of "contract on the 21-71 •
Postponement.
The' C->n>uii.ers' League Committee of the Woman's Club will
meet with Mrs. Gilbert .v.4 o'clock.
Monday, Oct. 30th, instead ..:
Thttnday next a-* heretofore an*
nouueed. All interested are in-
fP
Get in out of thc Rain!
Our swell " Mackiaettes" aad
" Cravcnettcs" will keep you
dry.
AN OVERCOAT WHICH IS
ABSOLUTELY WATERPROOH!
The Haberdasher Paio Alto
IJov Wasted
Enquire Pkhs
Comparative analysis of authorship trends in the Journal of Hand Surgery European and American volumes: A bibliometric analysis
No full textBackground
The purpose of this study was to better understand the authorship publishing trends in the field of hand surgery. To accomplish this, a comparative analysis was completed between the European and American volumes of the Journal of Hand Surgery (JHSE and JHSA) over the past three decades. Well-established bibliometric methods were used to examine one representative year from each of the past three decades. The focus of the study was to examine changes in author gender over time as well as to compare authorship trends across the two volumes.
Materials and methods
All JHSA and JHSE publications from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 were placed into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Data was collected for each publication including the gender of first and corresponding authors, corresponding author position, corresponding author country of origin, number of credited institutions, authors, printed pages, and references. Countries were grouped by regions.
Results
A total of 450 and 763 manuscripts from JHSE and JHSA, respectively, met inclusion criteria. JHSE and JHSA both showed increases in most variables analyzed over time. Both journals showed an increase in female first and corresponding authors. JHSE and JHSA displayed a rise in collaboration between institutions and countries.
Conclusions
Both JHSE and JHSA display increasing female inclusion in the hand surgery literature, which has traditionally been a male dominated field. The observed increase in collaboration between institutions and countries is likely linked to advances in technology that allow sharing of information more conveniently and reliably than was previously possible. As further advances are made socially and technologically, hopefully these trends will continue, leading to faster and higher quality research being generated in the field of hand surgery
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