4,342 research outputs found
Near limit premixed flamelets in Hele-Shaw cells
No full textIn this paper we report a preliminary attempt to stabilize near limit premixed flamelets in Hele-Shaw cells. As a quasi-two-dimensional analog of flame balls the flamelet is sustained by diffusive transport alone with fuel supplied from the open ends of the Hele-Shaw cell and heat dissipated to the ambient environment through conduction; radiative heat losses from both phases are neglected. Following Spalding's "one-dimensional idealization" approximation we construct a 2-D model to account for the heat and mass transfer processes in both the gas and the solid phases with the gap height as a parameter controlling the heat exchange rate between the two phases. For each of the three kinds of wall materials considered two steady solution branches are obtained as a function of the gap height one corresponding to large flames and the other to small flames. The large flame branch is critically dependent on the boundary and is therefore of little physical value. Linear stability analysis shows that the small flame branch is unstable to random perturbations. 2-D time dependent numerical simulations indicate that a slightly perturbed steady state on the small flame branch either evolves into a single flamelet drifting to the boundary as a whole or splits into two drifting to the boundary along opposite directions. A partially open square Hele-Shaw combustor has been proposed and is shown to be able to support stabilized flamelets for a certain range of the degree of opening. (C) 2016 by The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc
“Silent Heroes: Ordinary People in Times of War” compiled by John D. Miller
No full textReview of John D. Miller (compiler), Silent Heroes: Ordinary People in Times of War (Edinburgh: St Andrew Press, 2004
Compiling for parallel multithreaded computation on symmetric multiprocessors
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-149).by Andrew Shaw.Ph.D
Beyond Peter Rabbit : the private life of Beatrix Potter
No full textMichigan State University Humanities Librarian Agnes Haigh Widder delivers a talk entitled, "Beyond Peter Rabbit: The Private Life of Beatrix Potter." Showing examples of Potter's work, Widder discusses the personality and life of Potter and says that she was much more than the storied, brilliant and eccentric author. Widder explains that Potter was a naturalist, farmer, scientific illustrator, stockbreeder, and influential conservationist in England's Lake District, then comments on Potter's coded diary, her life, work, and legacy. She answers questions from the audience. Widder is introduced by John D. Shaw from the G. Robert Vincent Voice Library. Part of the Michigan State University Libraries' Colloquia Series. Held at the MSU Main Library
Optimizing administrative datasets to examine acute kidney injury in the era of big data: workgroup statement from the 15th ADQI Consensus Conference
No full textPurpose of review\ud
The purpose of this review is to report how administrative data have been used to study AKI, identify current limitations, and suggest how these data sources might be enhanced to address knowledge gaps in the field.\ud
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Objectives\ud
1) To review the existing evidence-base on how AKI is coded across administrative datasets, 2) To identify limitations, gaps in knowledge, and major barriers to scientific progress in AKI related to coding in administrative data, 3) To discuss how administrative data for AKI might be enhanced to enable “communication” and “translation” within and across administrative jurisdictions, and 4) To suggest how administrative databases might be configured to inform ‘registry-based’ pragmatic studies.\ud
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Source of information\ud
Literature review of English language articles through PubMed search for relevant AKI literature focusing on the validation of AKI in administrative data or used administrative data to describe the epidemiology of AKI.\ud
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Setting\ud
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus Conference September 6-7th, 2015, Banff, Canada\ud
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Patients\ud
Hospitalized patients with AKI\ud
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Key messages\ud
The coding structure for AKI in many administrative datasets limits understanding of true disease burden (especially less severe AKI), its temporal trends, and clinical phenotyping. Important opportunities exist to improve the quality and coding of AKI data to better address critical knowledge gaps in AKI and improve care.\ud
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Methods\ud
A modified Delphi consensus building process consisting of review of the literature and summary statements were developed through a series of alternating breakout and plenary sessions.\ud
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Results\ud
Administrative codes for AKI are limited by poor sensitivity, lack of standardization to classify severity, and poor contextual phenotyping. These limitations are further hampered by reduced awareness of AKI among providers and the subjective nature of reporting. While an idealized definition of AKI may be difficult to implement, improving standardization of reporting by using laboratory-based definitions and providing complementary information on the context in which AKI occurs are possible. Administrative databases may also help enhance the conduct of and inform clinical or registry-based pragmatic studies.\ud
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Limitations\ud
Data sources largely restricted to North American and Europe\ud
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Implications\ud
Administrative data are rapidly growing and evolving, and represent an unprecedented opportunity to address knowledge gaps in AKI. Progress will require continued efforts to improve awareness of the impact of AKI on public health, engage key stakeholders, and develop tangible strategies to reconfigure infrastructure to improve the reporting and phenotyping of AKI.\ud
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Why is this review important?\ud
Rapid growth in the size and availability of administrative data has enhanced the clinical study of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, significant limitations exist in coding that hinder our ability to better understand its epidemiology and address knowledge gaps. The following consensus-based review discusses how administrative data have been used to study AKI, identify current limitations, and suggest how these data sources might be enhanced to improve the future study of this disease.\ud
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What are the key messages?\ud
The current coding structure of administrative data is hindered by a lack of sensitivity, standardization to properly classify severity, and limited clinical phenotyping. These limitations combined with reduced awareness of AKI and the subjective nature of reporting limit understanding of disease burden across settings and time periods. As administrative data become more sophisticated and complex, important opportunities to employ more objective criteria to diagnose and stage AKI as well as improve contextual phenotyping exist that can help address knowledge gaps and improve care
What’s in a Convention? Process and substance in the project of European constitution-building. IHS Political Science Series: 2003, No. 89
No full textThe paper studies aspects of the process and substance of the deliberations of the Convention on the Future of the Union, against the backdrop of the longer term development of a Constitution for the European Union. It examines some of the issues which have arisen over the course of the longer term debate about European constitutionalism, including the normative basis of a putative Constitution for the EU. In the main part of the paper, the primary objective is to elaborate in more detail the ways in which the Convention’s work was structured by the complex procedural and substantive heritage of the Union’s constitutional acquis. It focuses on the Convention as an addition to an already complex and multi-facetted constitution-building process, and looks at some of the principles which it has proposed to bring into the constitutional architecture, such as the explicit articulation of the supremacy principle. It concludes that at times the fit between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ in the constitutional process and substance developed by the Convention is far from satisfactory
Carbonate chemistry, community metabolism, PAR, temperature and salinity of One Tree Island reef
No full textCarbonate chemistry, community metabolism, PAR, temperature and salinity of One Tree Island ree
Education in post-Reformation Scotland : Andrew Melville and the University of St Andrews, 1560-1606
No full textAndrew Melville (1545-1622) was the leader of the Presbyterian wing of the Scottish
Kirk between 1574 and 1607, and he and his colleagues were a perpetual irritant to
James VI and I in his attempts to establish a royal and Episcopal dominance over the
Kirk. Yet much of Melville’s reputation has been based on the seventeenth-century
Presbyterian historical narratives written by the likes of James Melville (Andrew’s
nephew) and David Calderwood. These partisan accounts formed the basis of modern
historiography in Thomas M’Crie’s monumentally influential Life of Andrew Melville.
Modern historians broadly agree that Melville’s portrayal as a powerful and decisive
church leader in these narratives is greatly exaggerated, and that he was at best an
influential voice in the Kirk who was quickly marginalised by the adult James VI.
However, only James Kirk has commented at any length on Melville’s other role in
Jacobean Scotland—that of developing and reforming the Scottish universities.
Melville revitalised the near-defunct Glasgow University between 1574 and 1580, and
from 1580 to 1607 was principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews, Scotland’s only
divinity college. He was also rector of the University of St Andrews between 1590
and 1597. This thesis provides a detailed account of Melville’s personal role in the
reform and expansion of the Scottish universities. This includes an analysis of his
direct work at Glasgow, but focuses primarily on St Andrews, using the untapped
archival sources held there and at the Scottish National Library and Archives to create
a detailed picture of the development of the University after the Reformation. This
thesis also evaluates the intellectual content of Melville’s reform programme, both as
it developed during his time in Paris, Poitiers and Geneva, and as we see it in action in
St Andrews
Achieving and Maintaining CMMI Maturity Level 5 in a Small Organization
No full textCMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) models are collections of best practices that help organizations improve their processes. This article reports on the authors' experience in achieving and maintaining CMMI Maturity Level 5 in a small organization. Economic achievements, success factors, and lessons learned are reported by using real-life examples from almost 10 years of improvement process. This article could be a valuable and unique reference for practitioners intending to pursue high-maturity CMMI level, particularly in small organization settings. The importance of this topic and lack of similar experience reports make it a valuable contribution to the state of the practice. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/HMbgNSFxkpE is an audio recording in which IEEE Software Multimedia Editor Davide Falessi speaks with Shane Oleson and Shannon Taylor of Keymind about how the organization achieved and maintained CMMI Maturity Level 5. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/RKpKBo7roZI is an audio recording in which author Kathy Mullen introduces a custom Web-based tool called the Keymind Measurement Reporting Tool
Seismic data reveal eastern Black Sea Basin structure
No full textRifted continental margins are formed by progressive extension of the lithosphere. The development of these margins plays an integral role in the plate tectonic cycle, and an understanding of the extensional process underpins much hydrocarbon exploration. A key issue is whether the lithosphere extends uniformly, or whether extension varies\ud
with depth. Crustal extension may be determined using seismic techniques. Lithospheric extension may be inferred from the waterloaded subsidence history, determined from\ud
the pattern of sedimentation during and after rifting. Unfortunately, however, many rifted margins are sediment-starved, so the subsidence history is poorly known.\ud
To test whether extension varies between the crust and the mantle, a major seismic experiment was conducted in February–March 2005 in the eastern Black Sea Basin (Figure 1), a deep basin where the subsidence history is recorded\ud
by a thick, post-rift sedimentary sequence. The seismic data from the experiment indicate the presence of a thick, low-velocity zone, possibly representing overpressured sediments. They also indicate that the basement and\ud
Moho in the center of the basin are both several kilometers shallower than previously inferred. These initial observations may have considerable impact on thermal models of the petroleum system in the basin. Understanding\ud
the thermal history of potential source rocks is key to reducing hydrocarbon exploration risk. The experiment, which involved collaboration between university groups in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Turkey, and BP and\ud
Turkish Petroleum (TPAO), formed part of a larger project that also is using deep seismic reflection and other geophysical data held by the industry partners to determine the subsidence history and hence the strain evolution of\ud
the basin
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