7,701 research outputs found
Effect of polyacrylamides and gypsum on turbidity of water
No full textAverage rice yields in the Western Murray Valley of NSW were consistently about 1 t ha-1 lower than that of the Eastern Murray Valley of NSW. This was attributed to a greater incidence of turbid water, which reduces soil temperature and sunlight penetration thus contributing to poor seedling establishment. G is used to improve soil structure and minimise dispersion in sodic soil. However, higher rates of G increase infiltration rates and therefore water use to undesirable levels in rice bays (Humphreys and Barrs 1998). Cay, Sivapalan and Chan (2001) found that anionic PAM was most effective at reducing turbidity of water compared to cationic and non-ionic PAM. They also concluded that the rate of 5 kg PAM ha-1 was not significantly different than 10 kg PAM ha-1 for reducing turbidity. Previous work has shown that PAM efficacy has been improved through combination with G (Shainberg et al 1990; Zahow and Amrhein 1992; Rapp et al 2000). Therefore, the following laboratory experiments were undertaken to identify the rates of PAM, G and their combinations to reduce the turbidity of water without increasing water use through greater infiltration on a sodic soil
Judicial deference at work: Some reflections on Chan Kin Sum and Kong Yun Ming
No full text"Due deference" - the giving of appropriate weight to the government's judgment in the court's reasoning - is a tool that courts use to maintain the separation of powers in constitutional rights review. This note aims to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the issue of deference, and to analyse the Court of First Instance (CFI)'s approach to deference in two recent cases, Chan Kin Sum and Kong Yun Ming. The author argues that the CFI has adopted a spatial approach that failed to specify the contested issues that called for deference, inappropriately considered democratic legitimacy as a factor for deference and made broad presumptions about the democratic character of primary decisions. This approach may lead to an over-deferential attitude that threatens the separation of powers, and the malleability of the approach may be subject to courts' manipulation. The author argues for a more context-sensitive approach based purely on institutional factors.published_or_final_versio
WieseSupplementalMaterial – Supplemental material for A Robust Neural Index of High Face Familiarity
No full textSupplemental material, WieseSupplementalMaterial for A Robust Neural Index of High Face Familiarity by Holger Wiese, Simone C. Tüttenberg, Brandon T. Ingram, Chelsea Y. X. Chan, Zehra Gurbuz, A. Mike Burton and Andrew W. Young in Psychological Science</p
Differences in Radiative Forcing, Not Sensitivity, Explain Differences in Summertime Land Temperature Variance Change Between CMIP5 and CMIP6
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chan, D., Rigden, A., Proctor, J., Chan, P. W., & Huybers, P. Differences in radiative forcing, not sensitivity, explain differences in summertime land temperature variance change between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Earth’s Future, 10(2), (2022): e2021EF002402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002402.How summertime temperature variability will change with warming has important implications for climate adaptation and mitigation. CMIP5 simulations indicate a compound risk of extreme hot temperatures in western Europe from both warming and increasing temperature variance. CMIP6 simulations, however, indicate only a moderate increase in temperature variance that does not covary with warming. To explore this intergenerational discrepancy in CMIP results, we decompose changes in monthly temperature variance into those arising from changes in sensitivity to forcing and changes in forcing variance. Across models, sensitivity increases with local warming in both CMIP5 and CMIP6 at an average rate of 5.7 ([3.7, 7.9]; 95% c.i.) × 10−3°C per W m−2 per °C warming. We use a simple model of moist surface energetics to explain increased sensitivity as a consequence of greater atmospheric demand (∼70%) and drier soil (∼40%) that is partially offset by the Planck feedback (∼−10%). Conversely, forcing variance is stable in CMIP5 but decreases with warming in CMIP6 at an average rate of −21 ([−28, −15]; 95% c.i.) W2 m−4 per °C warming. We examine scaling relationships with mean cloud fraction and find that mean forcing variance decreases with decreasing cloud fraction at twice the rate in CMIP6 than CMIP5. The stability of CMIP6 temperature variance is, thus, a consequence of offsetting changes in sensitivity and forcing variance. Further work to determine which models and generations of CMIP simulations better represent changes in cloud radiative forcing is important for assessing risks associated with increased temperature variance.This study was supported by the Harvard Global Institute and NSF (Award 1903657). D. Chan was also supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Fellowship
Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells downregulates microglial chemoattractive function and migration of encephalitogenic T cells
No full textApoptosis of autoaggressive T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent phagocytosis by microglia is probably crucial in the rapid resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate in T cell mediated neuroinflammatory diseases. In addition to mere clearance, phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes results in the downregulation of different microglial immune functions. Chemoattractive functions of Lewis rat microglia and secretion of chemokines and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated after phagocytosis of apoptotic T cells in vitro. In a modified Boyden chamber assay migration of encephalitogenic T cells toward LIPS-stimulated microglial supernatants after phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes was reduced by 24.9% in comparison to interaction with viable target cells (P < 0.001). Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells downregulated CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)-5-secretion by LPS-stimulated microglia by 66.2% (P < 0.001), whereas there was only a trend toward decreased CCL2-secretion. As determined by gelatinase-zymography, secretion of MMP-9 by microglia was decreased after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, whereas MMP-2 secretion was not altered. These mechanisms may reduce further recruitment of pathogenic inflammatory cells into the CNS-lesion and thus contribute to the active resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate and termination of the autoimmune attack. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Differential expression of BDNF mRNA splice variants in mouse brain and immune cells
No full textFor the neurotrophin BDNF several splice variants were recently described. We analyzed the expression of mBDNF mRNA splice variants in cells of the immune system in comparison to the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas all splice variants are expressed in the CNS, only mBDNF 3 mRNA could be detected in primary and secondary lymphoid organs as well as in purified T cells and macrophages. After activation, only mBDNF 3 mRNA expression was upregulated in T cells without the additional appearance of other mBDNF splice variants. Therefore, mBDNF mRNA is differentially regulated in the CNS and the immune system opening the possibility of specific manipulation of mBDNF expression in immune cells without globally affecting mBDNF in the CNS. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Numerical prediction of the dynamic behavior of two earth dams in italy using a fully coupled nonlinear approach
No full textThe paper deals with the seismic stability assessment of two existing earth dams in Italy using a fully coupled effective stress nonlinear approach implemented in a finite-element (FE) code. The mechanical behavior of the involved clayey and granular soils is described through advanced elastoplastic constitutive models, calibrated on laboratory and in situ test results. Before the application of the seismic motions, appropriate FE static analyses are performed in both cases to define the initial stress state and the internal variables of the material models. The stability of both dams during dynamic loading is proved by inspection of the cumulated horizontal and vertical displacement time histories of the monitored solid nodes, which become constant immediately after the end of the seismic actions. Moreover, the computed crest settlements induced by the earthquakes are considerably smaller than the service freeboard of the dams. Because the applied seismic actions are characterized by high return periods, the presented results are indicative of a satisfactory dynamic performance of the two embankments during extreme dynamic loading conditions
Diffusion of aromatic compounds in nonaqueous solvents : a study of solute, solvent, and temperature dependences
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Chan, T. C.Author name used in this publication: Tang, W. K.2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
Large magnetic entropy and electron-phonon coupling in Gd-based metallic glass
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Chan, K. C.2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
Dan bai C ji yin (PROC) yu er tong xiao chuan de yi chuan guan xi he gong neng
No full textChan, Wa Cheong.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-225).Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix I in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 07, November, 2016).Chan, Wa Cheong
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